Esophagus
Th e mucosa of the esophagus has nonkeratinized stratifi ed squamous epithelium. Th e submucosa contains
. Th e muscularis externa is striated at its upper part and
is gradually replaced by the smooth muscle layer in the lower part.
◗ At the esophagogastric junction, nonkeratinized stratifi ed squamous epithelium changes abruptly to simple
columnar
epithelium of the gastric mucosa. Esophageal cardiac glands are present in the lamina propria at this junction.
The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects oropharynx to stomach.
Mucosa- nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
lamina propria- is similar to the lamina propria throughout the alimentary tract; diffuse lymphatic tissue is scattered
throughout, and lymphatic nodules are present. Esophageal cardiac glands are seen
The deep layer of the mucosa- the muscularis mucosae, is composed of longitudinally
organized bundles of smooth muscle fi bers.
Submucosa- consists of dense irregular connective tissue that contains the larger blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers, and
ganglion cells and esophageal glands proper that lubricate and protect the mucosal surface . The nerve fibers and
ganglion cells make up the submucosal
plexus (Meissner’s plexus). Esophageal glands proper are seen
The muscularis externa- consists of two muscle layers, an inner circular layer (somatic dorsal) and an outer longitudinal
(motor dorsal) layer. Both controlled by vagus nerve.
Muscularis externa:
First 1/3- skeletal muscle- continuation of pharynx
2nd 1/3 both
3rd 1/3- smooth muscle
DOUDEDUM JEJUNUM ILEUM
LENGTH ~25 cm long ~2.5 m long ~3.5 m long
First, shortest, and Middle Constitutes the lower three-
Widest part of si fifths of si
DIAMETER OF Narrow Wider Narrower
LUMEN
APPEARANCE Light blue Dark red (more vascular) Light red (less vascular)
VESSELS Long vasa recta Lesss arcades (long More arcades (short
terminal branches) terminal branches)
EPITHELIUM Columnar striated border few Columnar striated border Columnar
goblet cells goblet cells+ Goblet cells+++
LAMINA Crypts Crypts Crypts
PROPRIA No peyers patch Diffuse infiltration of Peyers patch entend to
lymphocytes submucosa
No peyers patch
SUBMUCOSA Mucus secreting brunners Only connective tissue and Peyers patch
gland blood vessels
FOLDS/PLICA Less frequent Many folds, thicker Less folds, Less thick
E Common; well developed
WALL Simple columnar Simple columnar Simple squamous
Very thin Thick Thin
PRODUCTION Longer vasa recta Shorter vasa recta
OF CONES
BEGINS Pylorus of the stomach Duodenojejunal Lower 3 5ths of jejunum
Junction
ENDS Duodenojejunal junction Ileocecal junction
Secretion of digestive Absorbs fully digestive Absorbs the non
enzyme and biles carbs and CHON absorbed particles from
jejunum
LYMPHOID Few aggregates Numerous aggregates
TISSUE (peyers patch)
Less mucosa associated More mucosa associated
lymph tissue lymph tissue
GLAND Brunners gland in No gland in submucosa --------
submucosa
GOBLET CELLS Less Large number Moree
VILLI Leaflike shape/spatula Finger-like shape/tongue Few thin finger-shaped
shape shape Shorter than jejunum
Broad Different heights
Closely packed
BLOOD Gastroduodenal artery Simpler blood supply More arterial branches to
SUPPLY supply more blood
ESOPHAGUS STOMACH SI LI
length 25 cm 6m
Epithelium nonkeratinized stratified Simple columnar Simple columnar
squamous epithelium epithelium epithelium
Mucus- secreting cells Absorptive cell
(enterocytes)
Mucosa
with scattere3d
goblet cells
Lamina propria Esophageal cardiac
glands
Muscularis thick layer of smooth Thin layer of smooth Thin layer of
mucosae muscle muscle smooth muscle
epithelium dense irregular
connective tissue
Plexus submucosal plexus
Submucosa
(Meissner’s plexus)-
produces peristaltic
activity
Esophageal glands
proper
muscularis externa
1st inner circular striated muscle
1/3 layer a continuation of the
myenteric plexus muscle of the pharynx.
(Auerbach’s somatic motor neurons
plexus) of the vagus nerve,
outer longitudinal cranial nerve X (from the
layer nucleus ambigus)
2nd inner circular Striated muscle and
1/3 layer smooth muscle bundles
myenteric plexus are mixed and
(Auerbach’s interwoven
plexus)
outer longitudinal
layer
3rd inner circular smooth muscle
1/3 layer visceral motor neurons of
the vagus (from the
myenteric plexus dorsal motor nucleus).
(Auerbach’s
plexus)
outer longitudinal
SerosaAdventitia/ layer
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