Chiller

The type of chiller is used is a four pipe system, air source for outdoor installation. This system allow for
simultaneous and independent production of heat and cold water by means of two independent
hydronic system. The units are able to satisfy the demand for hot and cold water simultaneously
through a system that does not require seasonal switching and is therefore a valid alternative to
traditional plants with chiller and boiler. The unit is equipped with hermetic rotary scroll compressors,
with R410A, axial fans, braze-welded plate-type exchanger and thermal expansion valve.

The regulation operates on both water circuits featuring the step-wise regulation referred to the return
water temperature with propotional logic. This allows to satisfy simultaneously the different requests of
both cooling and heating, with no need of mode setting.

The diagnostics includes a complete alarm management, with the black-box and alarm logging functions
for enhanced analysis of the unit operation. As this is a multi units system, the regulation of the
resources via optional propriety devices will be implemented. Energy metering for both consumption
and capacity will also be developed. Supervision will be easily developed via proprietary devices or the
integration in third party systems by means of the most common protocols as ModBus, Bacnet-over-IP,
Echelon LonWorks. Compatibility with the remote keyboard managing up to 10 units. The defrost adopts
a proprietary self-adaptive logic, which features the monitoring of numerous operational parameters.
This allows to reduce the number and duration of the defrost cycles, with a benefit for the overall
energy efficiency.

Air Handling units

The design of the hotel ventilation system is vital to the overall comfort of the occupants who will inhabit the building.
The system will bring fresh air with more oxygen and less carbon dioxide at the same time removing carbon dioxide
and dangerous volatile organic compounds which are present in any dwelling to improve the air quality of the indoor
spaces.

 Ventilation is the process of continual change of air to a room and there are two means by which to move this air.
The first is by Mechanical Ventilation which draws air from the exterior of the building through ducting and fans to the
space, the ‘old’ air is extracted from another area within the space to be released to the atmosphere. The other option
is natural ventilation, which uses passive processes and makes use of the local micro climate to facilitate the air
movement within the building. Both systems are considered for use within the hotel.

 The balance between low energy use and the comfort levels created is a conflict which will be encountered within the
ventilation design strategies. Whilst a low energy design is advantageous, within a hotel environment, occupants
expect very high levels of comfort and are paying to be within this atmosphere. The comfort therefore will take greater
priority, as the hotel will only be economically viable if it can attract visitors and keep them satisfied.

 Bearing both comfort and energy consumption in mind the two main ways of ventilating the hotel are outlined below
with the advantages of integrating the systems.

 Mechanical Ventilation

Advantages

 Fresh air can be supplied with ease deeper within the building.
  Not dependant on outdoor weather conditions
 Air flow rate is easily controllable
 Air can be directed to allow the output to be passed through a passive heat exchanger

Natural Ventilation

Advantages

 No noise produced in the operation of the system

Due to the advantages of both systems being highly desirable a ‘hybrid’ ventilation system for the hotel will be used,
where as much of the system as possible will be made up from Natural ventilation to save in energy consumption and
where there is a shortfall in air change rates, Mechanical Ventilation will be implemented. Mechanical ventilation is
dominant in the design due to control supply and filtration of the air.

Selection of Air handling units and extractor fans are based on the following

Fans will have the latest technology regarding energy management. EC-motors are, within building ventilation, a new type of
motor with a series of advantages compared to conventional AC-motors. They can be controlled without the occurrence of large
energy losses in the form of heat. Another bonus effect is that there is no zing that occurs when controlling asynchronous motors.
Due to the lack of the unintentional heating, the need for maintenance is reduced and the service life of the motor is increased.
• User friendly controlling by one or several control panels.
• Automatic de-frosting for all operating conditions.
• Integral filter monitor
• Class F7 fine filter for supply-air capable of filtration of minimum dust spot efficiency of 80% or
higher and greater than 98% arrestance on particles size of 3-10µg.
• Heat Recovery by either rotating heat exchanger features variable rotor operation, or the plate heat exchanger has a by-
pass function.
• Inspection covers on both sides
• Demand control
• UV lights for bacteria disinfection

Fan Coil Units

A fan coil unit (FCU) is a simple device consisting of a heating or cooling coil and fan. It is part of
an HVAC system and it’s connected into chillers, inside a building

A fan coil unit may be concealed or exposed within the room or area that it serves.

An exposed fan coil unit may be wall-mounted, freestanding or ceiling mounted, and will typically
include an appropriate enclosure to protect and conceal the fan coil unit itself, with return
air grille and supply air diffuser set into that enclosure to distribute the air.
A concealed fan coil unit will typically be installed within an accessible ceiling void or services zone.
The return air grille and supply air diffuser, typically set flush into the ceiling, will be ducted to and
from the fan coil unit and thus allows a great degree of flexibility for locating the grilles to suit the
ceiling layout and/or the partition layout within a space.

The coil receives hot or cold water from a central plant(Chiller), and removes heat from or adds heat
to the air through heat transfer. Traditionally fan coil units can contain their own internal thermostat,
or can be wired to operate with a remote thermostat. However, and as is common in most modern
buildings with a Building Energy Management System (BEMS), the control of the fan coil unit will be
by a local digital controller or outstation (along with associated room temperature sensor and control
valve actuators) linked to the BEMS via a communication network, and therefore adjustable and
controllable from a central point, such as a supervisors head end computer.

Fan coil units circulate hot or cold water through a coil in order to condition a space. The unit gets its
hot or cold water from a central plant, or mechanical room containing equipment for removing heat
from the central building's closed-loop.

Fan coil units are divided into two types: Two-pipe fan coil units or four-pipe fan coil units. Two-pipe
fan coil units have one (1) supply and one (1) return pipe. The supply pipe supplies either cold or hot
water to the unit depending on the time of year. Four-pipe fan coil units have two (2) supply pipes
and two (2) return pipes. This allows either hot or cold water to enter the unit at any given time.
Since it is often necessary to heat and cool different areas of a building at the same time, due to
differences in internal heat loss or heat gains, the four-pipe fan coil unit is most commonly used.

Selection of FCU is based on esthetic decor, economical to install, efficiency of equipment and accessories. Diffusers and return grills
also form part in decorative selection. Electric heating coils are not part of design as they consume lot of energy.

. FCU can come in different types, e.g, Cassettes units, ducted units, consol units, and mid-Wall
units. Typically a fan coil unit is used to control the temperature in the space where it is installed, or
serve multiple spaces. It is controlled either by a manual on/off switch or by thermostat. They usually
come with a slot for fresh air intake.

Cassettes and Mid-wall units are more economical to install than ducted or central heating systems.
However, they can be noisy because the fan is within the same space. Unit configurations are
numerous including horizontal (ceiling mounted) or vertical (floor mounted).