DIMALANTA, ANGELICA
BS PSYCHOLOGY 2-YA-5
THEORIES OF PERSONALITY
Discussion for Freud
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View of Human Nature Key concepts of Psychoanalytical Criticisms of the Theory
Theory
Freud view of human nature is Confrontation- Practice often One of the largest criticisms of the
basically deterministic. It is based done prior to an intervention psychoanalytic theory is that it
on the belief that our behavior is where the patient is encouraged to places to much emphasis on
determined by irrational forces, attend to experiences that they childhood. For one, Freud’s theory
unconscious motivations, and have been avoiding. says that personality development
biological and instinctual drives as occurs during childhood, but many
these evolve through key modern psychologist say that his
psychosexual stages in the first six development is lifelong.
years of life.
Human nature comprises some Countertransference- Refers to Also, criticism has been raised
deep characteristics which yearn the analyst’s feelings and attitudes against Freudian slips, saying they
to satisfy particular needs and towards the patient: his/her do not arise from unconscious
impulses such as aggression, the reaction to the patient’s motives, but rather confusion in
ego that drives him towards transference, how his/her own word retrieval from memory.
pleasurable experiences, the need experiences impact his/her
for love and avoidance of pain in understanding of the patient, and
all areas of life. the analyst’s emotional responses
to the patient.
He also argued that personality Defense Mechanisms- Used by Freud’s ideas of repression are
development is one of the the ego as a way to deal with rebuked by most modern
significant characteristics of conflict of problems in life. psychologists who say repression
human nature that leads to deeper Operating at an unconscious level, is a rare phenomenon and that
understanding of the uniqueness of defense mechanisms help to intense stress and pain actually
each person’s life. reduce negative feelings. Common causes better remembrance of an
defense mechanisms include event.
repression, denial and projection.
Movement of individuals from Denial- An individual’s refusal to Another criticism of Freud
one stage of life to another results accept certain or confront aspects concerns his training as a
in conflict between social and of a given reality in order to avoid physician and his extensive
biological drive found within potential feelings or discomfort. reliance on a medical model to
human nature. develop his theory of
psychoanalysis. His strong
emphasis on pathology causes him
to label behavior as “problematic”
or “inappropriate” ---
Freud also suggested that much of Dream- Mental event that consists That most in contemporary times
human behavior is controlled by of hallucinations involving would classify as normative or
forces outside our awareness and imagery and emotions. Dreams common to the human condition.
the relationship between a person occur during the rapid-eye He is accused by some of creating
and society is controlled by movement stage during sleep. psychopathology when it may not
primitive urges buried deep within be anything out of the ordinary
our unconscious human experience.
Ego- Function of the ego can be Most psychoanalytic concepts,
described as running such as that idea or unconscious
interference during the id and conflicts, cannot be empirically
the superego. It mediates tested
between the drives of the id and
the need for self-preservation. It
is responsible for the
development of the skills needed
to function in the world.
Ego Ideal- Part of the superego Modern psychologists believe
that contains standards, values Freud’s underestimated the role
and moral ideals. Failure to meet of learning and culture in
these standards can cause shaping personality
feelings of guilt or shame, while
success can enhance self-
esteem.
Elektra Complex- Term coined Many psychologists reject
by Jung as the female Freud’s theories as derogatory
counterpoint to what Freud toward womans
called the Oedipus complex.
Fantasy- Loosely refers to an
imagined situation that
expresses certain desires or aims
of the imagining individual. It
can occur at the conscious level,
also known as a daydream, or
unconsciously, sometimes
referred to as phantasy.
Fixation- Is a state where a
person becomes attached to or
overly invested in another
individual or object.
Id- Governed by sexual and
aggressive desires and pleasure
seeking.
Libido- Generally used to refer
to one’s sexual desires or more
specifically, the mental energy
responsible for one’s sex drive.
Oedipus Complex- A child
desires to have the parent of the
opposite sex all to him/herself,
to the exclusion of the other
parent.
Parapraxis(Freudian Slip)-
Revealing an unconscious desire
or conflict through a mistake,
for example, a slip of the tongue
or forgetting someone’s name.
Pleasure Principle- Driving
force of the id, this refers to
one’s desire to obtain immediate
gratification of needs by
obtaining pleasure and avoiding
pain.
Psychodynamic- Psychotherapy
is a form of psychotherapy
derived from psychoanalytic
theories and modeled after a
psychoanalytic model of mental
functioning. Psychodynamic
psychotherapy is primarily for
individuals who will benefit
from a more focused method of
treatment that is active and
focuses on the realities of one’s
daily life.
Repression- A defensive
process where an individual’s
impulses and instinctual desires
are blocked from entering one’s
conscious.
Resistance- Refers to a patient’s
unconscious opposition to the
unveiling and exploration of
painful memories during
psychoanalysis.
Superego- Its function is to stop
or punish behavior that is
unacceptable according the ego
ideal, i.e., the standards, values,
and images of perfection that
begin to develop in childhood,
and which some psychoanalysts
believe to develop over a
lifetime
Transference- Projection onto
another person or feelings, past
associations, or experiences.
Unconscious- Part of mind that
stores feelings, thoughts, and
urges unaware to the individual.