Bus Terminal
ARC311-18 - Architectural
Design 5 - Space Planning 2
ROS, CARLOS JR B. 3AR2
AR. CIRIACO R. MAGHIRANG JR, UAP
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 3
The necessity of stations and terminals ................................................................................................ 3
HISTORY OF BUS TEREMINAL/ STATIONS ......................................................................................... 4
TARGET USERS ........................................................................................................................................ 5
SITE SELECTION ..................................................................................................................................... 6
SPACE ALLOTMENTS & FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS ...................................................................... 7
Standard Spaces ..................................................................................................................................... 8
LEGAL ASPECT....................................................................................................................................... 10
Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance of 2016 (SP-2502, S-2016) ......................................................... 10
HEALTH & SANITATION SYSTEM ........................................................................................................ 11
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY .................................................................................................................... 12
Materials .............................................................................................................................................. 12
CHARACTER AND CONCEPT.................................................................................................................13
References ................................................................................................................................................15
BUS TERMINAL 2
INTRODUCTION
A bus terminal, often termed as a terminus, is the point where a bus route begins or ends,
and where vehicles stop, turn, or reverse, and wait before proceeding on their way back.
It's also where people board and disembark from buses and trains. It also frequently
serves as a convenient control point for services.
A terminal's size and type can range from a roadside bus stop with no facilities for
passengers or bus crews to a purpose-built off-road bus station with a variety of
amenities.
A roadside bus stop with no amenities will usually suffice if the number of cars coming
and departing is minimal. With so many cars coming and going, it may be essential to
construct off-road bus station facilities for passenger comfort and to alleviate traffic
congestion.
The necessity of stations and terminals
Bus terminals and stations play an important role in the running of bus services. The
effectiveness of a transportation system, as well as the influence on other road users, is
affected by its design and location. Some stations are more considered as monuments
than as utilities, and as a result, they are typically designed in a prestigious rather than
practical setting, which can have a negative impact on their efficiency.
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HISTORY OF BUS TEREMINAL/ STATIONS
Horse-drawn stage coaches provided regular services between various European towns
from the 17th to the 19th centuries, starting and stopping at designated Coaching inns
where the horses could be changed and passengers boarded or alighted, thereby
creating the first type of bus stop. The Angel Inn, Islington, was a well-known example
of such an inn. It was the first halt on the road from London to York. In most cases, a
seat on a Stage coach had to be reserved in advance.
In Manchester, John Greenwood established the first bus line in the United Kingdom,
which ran a set route and allowed customers to board on demand along the way
without making a reservation. Landmarks such as public houses, train stations, and
road intersections were standard pit stops.
In 1828, regular horse-drawn buses were introduced in Paris, and in 1829, George
Shillibeer launched his London horse-drawn Omnibus service. following a set path and
timetable between Paddington (at a bar called The Yorkshire Stingo) and the Bank of
England. By the mid-nineteenth century, there were guides to London bus routes
available, including maps showing routes and major stations.
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TARGET USERS
• Employees
• Commuters (PWD, elderly, pregnant, mother with infant)
BUS TERMINAL 5
SITE SELECTION
Study the following items and site consideration regarding the given site and its conditions：
1) Existing vehicular flows of both public and private vehicles.
• Main roads: EDSA & Aurora BLVD. Minor road: Central AVE.
2）Existing surrounded buildings/structures surrounded the site
Araneta City, Farmers Plaza, Hotels, Bus & MRT/LRT stations, footbridges
3）Existing common problems at site
• Air pollution has long been a problem for the Philippines. In 2018, a study by the World
Health Organization said there were 45.3 air pollution-related deaths for every 100,000
people in the Philippines. It was the third-highest in the world, after China’s 81.5 pollution-
related deaths and Mongolia’s 48.8 deaths per 100,000 people (Sabillo, 2020).
• Lack of vegetation. Trees and shrubs are an important part of urban environments. In
addition to aesthetic values, they reduce the need for air-conditioning and the use of fossil
fuels. Trees and shrubs also can absorb and concentrate pollutants and improve the air
quality in a city.
4）Volumes of people and vehicles per
hour during peak and rush hours
• Since it has two intersecting
main roads, the volume of
commuters/ pedestrians are
most likely more than average.
5) Different existing routes of public
vehicles passes and drops on the site.
• It is ideal to integrate PUV stops and public parking with the proposed site to minimize traffic
congestions and delay when loading and unloading passengers
6）Utility systems
• Utilities are generally considered to include: electricity, gas, water and sewage and
communications services.
7）Existing or expected bus companies that may use/s that area: Araneta center.
• The area predominantly has its PUV loading and unloading stations
8）implemented rules and provisions of Araneta center as the private owner of the development.
BUS TERMINAL 6
SPACE ALLOTMENTS & FUNCTIONAL
COMPONENTS
Total Lot Area: 31,520 SQM.
Terminals serve as a point of:
• Concentration
• Dispersion
• Loading/unloading of the passengers
• Interchange of mode
• Storage of passengers and vehicles
• Maintenance of vehicles
• Facilities and amenities for the users and crew
• Documentation of movement
• Information system
• Integration of various systems of transportation
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Following points should be kept in mind for efficient workability of terminal:
1. Segregation of bus and non-bus traffic
2. Segregation of pedestrian and vehicular movement
3. Elimination of vehicular traffic conflict
4. Segregation of pedestrian flows
5. Minimum processing for the buses
6. Segregation of transportation and no-transportation activities
Standard Spaces
❖ Administrative blocks (queueing stations, ticket counter, ticket verification point, help desk,
reception, kiosks, etc.)
❖ Lounging/ Waiting areas
❖ Passageways (entrances & exits)
❖ Toilets
❖ Clinic
❖ Restaurants
❖ Utility rooms (building maintenance & vehicle repair workshop)
❖ Bike & Car parking
❖ Green Vegetations
❖ Bus Bays/ depot (loading & unloading)
Coach Dimensions (used for longer-distance service)
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Transit/City bus dimensions (used on shorter-distance public transport bus services)
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LEGAL ASPECT
Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance of 2016 (SP-2502, S-2016)
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HEALTH & SANITATION SYSTEM
Ventilation moves
outdoor air into a
building or a room, and
distributes the air within
the building or room.
The general purpose of
ventilation in buildings
is to provide healthy air
for breathing by both
diluting the pollutants
originating in the
building and removing
the pollutants from it
(Etheridge & Sandberg,
1996; Awbi, 2003).
Building ventilation has
three basic elements:
• ventilation rate —
the amount of outdoor
air that is provided into
the space, and the
quality of the outdoor air
(see Annex D);
• airflow direction — the overall airflow direction in a building, which should be from clean
zones to dirty zones; and
• air distribution or airflow pattern — the external air should be delivered to each part of the
space in an efficient manner and the airborne pollutants generated in each part of the space
should also be removed in an efficient manner.
Mechanical fans drive mechanical ventilation. Fans can either be installed directly in windows or
walls, or installed in air ducts for supplying air into, or exhausting air from, a room.
Sanitation Vestibules provide disinfection in every commuters/ pedestrian in entering and
departing the building.
Disinfectant sprays in every queueing area and other occupied spaces and lounging area
BUS TERMINAL 11
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
Materials
➢ Steel
➢ Concrete
➢ Glass
➢ Polycarbonate Glass
➢ Native hardwood
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CHARACTER AND CONCEPT
Balangay/Butuan Boat
The balangay was the first wooden boat that was excavated in Southeast Asia. These
boats were instrumental in the settlement of Austronesian peoples in the Philippines
and the Malay archipelago. It was used for cargo and trading, in which Butuan, Agusan
de Norte, Philippines was a central trading port.
The design of the bus terminal is
derived from our traditional wooden
boat Balangay. The roof forms a bow
like shape that appears to be a light
floating structure. A great example is
the Manukau bus station in New
Zealand.
“Sustainable design was a way to add
environmental, social, economic and
cultural value to the project.
Automated louvres and natural ventilation provide cooling and north/northeast facing
facades that allow direct sunlight to stream in.”
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Loading and unloading bays are meant to be spacious for great maneuverability and
traffic flow.
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References
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africa.1724107/
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_resubmission_34.pdf
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