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Lagrange's Interpolation Formula: A B y X

Numerical analysis

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48 views5 pages

Lagrange's Interpolation Formula: A B y X

Numerical analysis

Uploaded by

Owen Mulo
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

INTERPOLATION AND EXTRAPOLATION

Interpolation is the process of estimating a value of a function that


lies within a given data interval, while extrapolation is the process
of estimating a value of a function that outside a given data
interval.
Suppose for f(x) the interval is (a,b),

a b y
x

To find;
i. x is to interpolate
ii. y is to extrapolate
There are several methods of interpolation/extrapolation
a. Lagrange interpolation
b. Finite difference interpolation

Lagrange’s interpolation formula


The Newton’s forward and backward interpolation formulae can be used only
when the values of x are at equidistant. If the values of x are at equidistant or not at
equidistant, we use Lagrange’s interpolation formula.

Let y = f( x) be a function such that f ( x) takes the values y  , y  , y  ,.......,


0 1 2

y  corresponding to x= x  , x , x  ..., x  That is y  = f(x ),i = 0,1,2,...,n . Now, there are


n 0 1 2 n i i

(n + 1) paired values (x , y ),i = 0, 1, 2, ..., n and hence f ( x) can be represented by a


i i

polynomial function of degree n in x.


Then the Lagrange’s formula is

1. Linear Lagrange interpolation polynomial

We use LL when provided with only two data points

 x0 , y0  and  x1 , y1 

y  f  x 
 x  x1  y0 
 x  x0  y1
 x0  x1   x1  x0 
EXC
Find the Linear Lagrange interpolation polynomial for the data points
stated below. Also use your polynomial to interpolate
or extrapolate for the stated values.
i.  2, 3 ,  3, 1 .Find y for x  2.3, x  5
ii.  6,3 ,  8,1 .Find y for x  2, x  4

Solution
i. y  4 x  11
2. Quadratic Lagrange interpolation formula

We use QL when provided with only three data points

 x0 , y0  ,  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y2 
y  f  x 
 x  x1   x  x2  y0 
 x  x0   x  x2  y1 
 x  x0   x  x1  y2
 x0  x1   x0  x2   x1  x0   x1  x2   x2  x0   x2  x1 
EXC
Find the Quadratic Lagrangeinterpolation polynomial for the data points
stated below. Also use your polynomial to interpolate
or extrapolate for the stated values.
i.  2,3 ,  3, 1 ,  2,3  .Find y for x  3, x  7
ii.  6,3 ,  8, 1  0,3  .Find y for x  5, x  1

Solution
4 2 31
i. y  x   0.8x 2  6.2
5 5
y  3  1, y  7   33

3. Cubic Lagrange interpolation formula

We use CL when provided with only four data points

 x0 , y0  ,  x1 , y1  ,  x2 , y2  and  x3 , y3 
y  f  x 
 x  x1   x  x2   x0  x3  y   x  x0   x  x2   x  x3  y
 x0  x1   x0  x2   x0  x3  0  x1  x0   x1  x2   x1  x3  1

 x  x0   x  x1   x  x3  y   x  x0   x  x1   x  x2  y
 x2  x0   x2  x1   x2  x3  2  x3  x0   x3  x1   x3  x2  3
EXC
Find the Cubic Lagrange interpolation polynomial for the data points
stated below. Also use your polynomial to interpolate
or extrapolate for the stated values.
i.  2,3 ,  1,1 ,  3, 1 ,  2,3  .Find y for x  3, x  7
ii.  6,3 ,  2,3 ,  8, 1  0,3  .Find y for x  5, x  1
Example 5.22

Using Lagrange’s interpolation formula find y(10) from the following table:

Solution:

Here the intervals are unequal. By Lagrange’s interpolation formula we have


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Exercise 5.1: Finite Differences
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Methods of interpolation
Graphical and Algebraic method of Interpolation: Solved Example Problems
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Miscellaneous Problems
Summary
Introduction
Random variable
Definition and Types of Random Variable

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