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Science
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Optics
(Let There Be Light!)
Science – Grade 5
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Optics
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education – Region XI

Regional Director: Evelyn R. Fetalvero, EdD, CESO IV

Assistant Regional Director: Maria Ines C. Asuncion, EdD, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Mary Antonette L. Jimenez
Editor: Rotchil Diana G. Magbanua
Reviewer: Darly D. Lamentac
Illustrator: Marycelyn O. Gavilo
Layout Artist: Angelica P. Mendoza
Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz
Management Team:
Reynaldo M. Guillena, CESO V
Jinky B. Firman, PhD, CESE
Marilyn V. Deduyo
Alma C. Cifra, EdD
Aris B. Juanillo, PhD
Faye Genevieve P. Pasamonte

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Division of Davao City

Office Address: E. Quirino Avenue, Davao City

Telephone: (082) 227 4762
E-mail Address: [Link]@[Link]
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Science
Quarter 3 – Module3:
Optics
(Let There Be Light!)

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material,
you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding
of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn

A wonderful day to you little scientist! In this module, you will learn the
importance of light and heat and how they affect our daily life. In this module,
you will learn how light can be blocked, absorbed, or transmitted by certain
materials and how color affects the ability of a material to absorb heat.
.
Specifically, you are expected to:
• Identify materials that can reflect, absorb, or transmit light;
• Explain how colors affect the heat absorption of an object.

Let Us Try!

Choose the best answer and write this on a separate paper.

1. The process that occurs when light bounces off on smooth and shiny
surfaces is called _______.
A. absorption C. refraction
B. reflection D. transmission

2. Objects that allow light to pass through are said to transmit light and
are described as _______.
A. absorbers C. translucent
B. opaque D. transparent

3. An example of an opaque material is a/an _______.

A. cellophane C. frosted glass window
B. stone D. reading glasses

4. What color of the materials are good absorbers of heat?

A. dark colored C. medium colored
B. light colored D. very light colored

5. During warm days, it is best to wear what color of clothing?

A. dark blue C. violet
B. red D. white

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 Let Us Study

Hello kids! Would you like to know more about the useful and harmful effects
of sunlight? Let us read the article and answer the guide questions below and
discover new things about it.

Sunlight may destroy the novel coronavirus,

but it also damages skin and can cause cancer.
There are three types of UV rays emitted by the sun—UVA, UVB, and
UVC. UVC light is blocked by Earth’s atmosphere, but UVA rays and some
UVB rays reach Earth’s surface.

One recent study tested whether UVB rays could affect the novel
coronavirus. In order to control the environment, the study team simulated
sunlight with a lamp that emitted only UVB rays and exposed surfaces to
the lamp’s light. The simulated sunlight destroyed the novel coronavirus in
less than 20 minutes.

More studies are needed to confirm this result, and unlike in the study, the
amount of UVB light that reaches Earth’s surface is not constant—
it depends on many factors, including time of day and time of year. But
regardless of how quickly UVB rays may affect the coronavirus, it is
important to note that the study looked at the effect on surfaces, not on
people. UV radiation, which most often comes from the sun, is dangerous
to people because it damages skin cells. Exposure to UV radiation is the
main factor in developing skin cancer.

In other words, exposing your skin to the sun’s UV rays could destroy any
coronaviruses present, but it will damage the DNA in your skin’s cells. Over
time, the effects of that damage build up and make the cells more likely to
develop into skin cancer.
(The National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine 2020)

Questions:
1. What is the article about?
2. Who are being referred to in the article?
3. Where is the area of a person’s body part that is being watched out for?
4. Why we should not expose ourselves to too much sunlight?
5. How are we going to take care of ourselves from the damaging effects of the
sun and of the threatening effects of COVID-19?

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What image do you see above? Hint: It is what we see up in the sky after a
rain. If you answered rainbow, you are correct! Memory check: Can you name
the colors of the rainbow?
Rainbows always amaze us, with its varied display of colors. To put it plainly,
rainbows are reflections of sunlight through raindrops (Garriss 2021). It
appears in the sky as a result of the reflection and refraction of white light
from the sun as it shines through the water droplets in the atmosphere. The
water droplets act as a prism that reflects, refracts, and then splits the white
light into an arc of visible colors.

Memory Check: Can you name the colors of the rainbow in exact
order, starting from the innermost to the outermost?

Have you seen artworks on a stained glass? The

picture to your right is an example of one.
Stained glasses are mostly seen in churches, art
museums, and even in some houses. The
designs on stained glasses are achieved through
the use of glasses with various colors and hues.
The light that partially gets through stained
glasses highlights the different colors and hues,
making them a sight to behold (Arradaza 2016).

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 Memory Check: Starting from the innermost to the outermost,
the colors of the rainbow are Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue,
Indigo, and Violet or simply ROYGBIV!

Visible light is the light that is visible to the human eye. Simply put, it is
basically light. The visible light is only part of the electromagnetic spectrum
(EM). The EM show the entire range of waves present in our world. The
primary source of visible light is the sun where we also get the radiant energy
(Arradaza 2016).

OPTICS
Optics is the study of the refraction, reflection, absorption, and transmission
of light (Arradaza 2016).
When light strikes matter, some or all of the energy in the light can be
transferred to matter. And just as light can affect matter, matter can affect
light. When light strikes a medium, the light can be reflected, absorbed, or
transmitted. When light is transmitted, it can be refracted or scattered
(Arradaza 2016).

Refraction

Refraction refers to the bending of light as it passes

through different materials. For example, the straw in a
glass of water (see picture on the left) appears bent
because of the different parts of the material interact with
light. The part of the straw that is not dipped in water
interacts with the air while the part of the straw dipped in
water interacts with the water. Light moves faster in air
than in water. This is why the straw looks bent (Arradaza
2016).

Reflection

Reflection refers to the bouncing back of light when it hits an object. Some
objects with flat surfaces, like mirrors, reflect light in a straight, predictable
way. Some objects with uneven surfaces like rocks, reflects light in a scattered
way (Arradaza 2016).

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To prevent the spreading out of the light and minimize its effect, reflectors are
used to direct the light to only one direction and increase its intensity.
Flashlights and car headlights locate their bulbs in the principal focus of a
conical reflector so that all light from the bulb is reflected in one direction and
leaves the lamp in parallel rays. Spotlights are used to highlight a performer
on stage because they have reflectors like those of car headlights and
flashlights (Apolinario 2015).

How flashlights and headlights work

A performer on a spotlight

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Absorption

Absorption refers to a material’s

taking in of light and not
reflecting it back. For example,
when light strikes a black
surface, it is absorbed by the
surface and nothing is reflected
(Arradaza 2016).

Transmission

Transmission refers to the passing of light through some materials. For

example, when light passes through a glass window, it is transmitted to the
other side, allowing the light to pass through the window (Arradaza 2016).
Different ways of transmitting light:
➢ Transparent materials allow all light to pass through them. Clear
plastic and a drinking glass are examples of transparent objects.
➢ Translucent materials allow some light to pass through them Stained
glass and frosted windows are examples of translucent objects.
➢ Opaque materials do not allow light to pass through them. Hollow
blocks, wooden doors, and mirrors are examples of opaque objects.

Transparent Material Translucent Materials Opaque Materials

a clear plastic a stained glass a wooden door

a clear drinking glass a frosted window a wooden table

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Seeing Colors

When light hits an object, some parts of the light absorbed by that object and
some are reflected back. Absorption happens when light get through the
object. Reflection happens when the light that hits an object is bounced back
by the object. When we see an object, what we are seeing is the reflected light
(Arradaza 2016).

So how do we see
different colors?

When we see a red object, it means that only the color red is being reflected
by the object. A red shirt absorbs all the colors of light except for the red color.
All the other colors are absorbed by the shirt (Arradaza 2016).
Black and white colors are different from other colors. White is a
combination of all the colors. When we see a white object, it means that the
object is reflecting all the colors of the light at the same time (Arradaza 2016).
Black, on the other hand, is the absence of reflected color. When we see a
black object, it means that the object is absorbing almost all the colors of light
and none of the visible colors are reflected (Arradaza 2016).

We see the red apple as red because We see a green leaf because all
red is reflected by the apple. the other colors of light are
absorbed and green is reflected by
the leaf.

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 A prism is a transparent
optical object with flat
surfaces. It can be used to
refract light, breaking it
into different colors (colors
of the rainbow) (Arradaza
2016).

How Do Colors Affect Heat Absorption

Guessing Game:

Which is appropriate to wear during:

1) Warm or humid days?
2) Cold or chilly days?

A B

As you read on, let us see if your answer is correct.

The amount of heat an object absorbs or reflects depends on

its color? The more colors an object absorbs, the more heat
is absorbed. The more colors an object reflects, the more
heat is reflected. Thus, objects that absorb more colors also
absorb more heat, making them hotter than the things that
absorb less colors or reflect more colors.

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Since black is the absence of all colors, it does not reflect any of the colors
but rather absorbs all of them. Thus, black absorbs the most heat because it
absorbs all the colors. The more colors are absorbed, the more light is
absorbed. And since more light is absorbed, more heat is also absorbed since
light is a form of energy (Arradaza 2016).
White on the other hand, is the presence of all colors. White, therefore,
reflects all the colors and does not absorb any of it. The less light is absorbed
the less heat is absorbed. During warm days, it is wise to wear white because
it absorbs less heat and is more comfortable to wear (Arradaza 2016).

How black and white absorb heat

Guessing Game Answer:

1) B and 2) A. Did you get it correctly? Congratulations!

Scattering of Light

Since Earth’s atmosphere contains many molecules and other tiny particles,
these particles can scatter sunlight. Scattering means light is redirected as
it passes through a medium. A scattering effect reddens the sun at sunset
and sunrise. Most of the particles in the atmosphere are very small. Small
particles scatter shorter wavelengths of blue light more than the light of longer
wavelengths. Their molecules and tiny particles scatter the shorter
wavelength colors. By the time the sunlight reaches your eyes, most of the
blue and even some of the green and yellow have been scattered. Most of what
remains for your eyes to detect are the longer wavelengths of light, which are
orange and red (Apolinario 2015).

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During the day, the sun’s ray travel through less air, so the sky appears blue
even though air itself is colorless.

Home Activity:
Find out the color of the sky at sunrise and at sunset. Oops!
Health check: protect yourself from COVID-19. There’s no need
for you to go out of the house. Just look at the sky from the
confines of your house.

Let Us Practice

Activity 1: Remember Me

Direction: Give the brief definition of the following materials and identify at
least three examples for each.

1. Opaque materials

Definition: _____________________________________________________
Examples: 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________
2. Translucent materials
Definition: _____________________________________________________
Examples: 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________
3. Transparent materials
Definition: _____________________________________________________
Examples: 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________

Questions:

1. What do you call the spectacle that appears in the sky after every rain?
2. How do you compare wearing dark-colored clothes from light-colored ones?
3. What is the difference between absorption and transmission?

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 Different types of materials vary in their reaction to the light that is
directed to them. Lighter types of materials reflect the light that is directed
to them while darker types of materials absorb the light when it is directed
to them. The rainbow is a very good example of a prism where it reflects
the light directed to it. Thus, we see a myriad of colors after every rainfall.

Let Us Practice More

Activity 2: Rainbow Experiment (Family Activity)

Materials
• one black trash bag
• sprayer with water
• pair of scissors

Procedures
1. Cut the black trash bag to its wider view.
2. Find a place where there is enough sunlight. Spread out the trash bag
by holding the 4 edges.
3. Hold the trash bag diagonally towards the sunlight.
4. Spray some water droplets directly to the trash bag.
5. Observe what will happen.

Important Note:
Have you seen the rainbow through the water droplets? If not, find a
perfect spot where sunlight is evident and spray some water again.
Ensure that the sunlight comes from behind you. For your guidance,
refer to the diagram below.

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Which illustration best fits your observation? ______

A B

Complete the idea below.

In nature, a rainbow is formed when sunlight is (RRCTEFDEA)______________

on entering a droplet of water and (LCFERTDEE)_________________ inside the
back of the droplet.

Note: The water droplets act as a prism that reflects, refracts, and then splits
the white light into an arc of visible colors, thus, forming a rainbow.

Let Us Remember

• Absorption – refers to a material’s taking in of light and not reflecting it

back.
• Electromagnetic Spectrum (EM) – shows the entire range of waves present
in our world.
• Opaque Materials – do not allow light to pass through them.
• Optics - is the study of the refraction, reflection, absorption, and
transmission of light.
• Prism – is a transparent optical object with flat surfaces.

• Rainbow – is a reflection of light through raindrops.

• Reflection – refers to the bouncing back of light when it hits an object.

• Refraction – refers to the bending of light as it passes through different

materials.

• Sun - The primary source of visible light where we also get the radiant
energy.

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• Scattering of Light – means light is redirected as it passes through a
medium.
• Translucent Materials – allow some light to pass through them.

• Transmission – refers to the passing of light through some materials.

• Transparent Materials – allow all light to pass through them.

• Visible Light – the light that is visible to human eye.

Let Us Assess

Read the questions carefully. Choose the best answer and write it on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The process that occurs when light bounces off on smooth and shiny
surfaces is called _______.
A. absorption C. refraction
B. reflection D. transmission

2. Objects that allow light to pass through are said to transmit light and
are described as _______.
A. absorbers C. translucent
B. opaque D. transparent

3. An example of an opaque material is a/an _______.

A. cellophane C. stone
B. glass D. sunglasses

4. What color of the materials are good absorbers of heat?

A. dark colored C. medium colored
B. light colored D. very light colored

5. During warm days, it is best to wear what color of clothing?

A. dark blue C. Violet
B. red D. White

6. It is a transparent optical object with flat surfaces. It can be used to

refract light, breaking it into different colors.
A. opaque materials C. translucent materials
B. prism D. transparent materials

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7. During warm days, why is it wise to wear white?
A. It absorbs less heat. C. It absorbs more color.
B. It absorbs more heat. D. It absorbs more light.

8. Why does the color black absorb most heat? All of the answers are
correct EXCEPT __________.
A. It is the absence of all colors.
B. It does not reflect any of the colors.
C. It is the presence of all colors.
D. It absorbs more light.

9. Stained glasses and frosted windows are some examples of _______

materials.
A. electromagnetic spectrum C. opaque
B. absorbing D. transparent

10. We see a leaf green because all the other colors of light are absorbed.
What color is reflected by the leaf?
A. blue C. orange
B. green D. all of the above

Let Us Enhance

Activity 3a: Identify the following objects as transparent, translucent, or

opaque.

__________ 1. molding clay __________ 6. red cellophane

__________ 2. rubber tire __________ 7. tinted glass
__________ 3. reading glasses __________ 8. white plastic bag
__________ 4. brown envelope __________ 9. wooden blocks
__________ 5. frosted sliding door _________ 10. wax paper

Activity 3b: Illustrate inside the box the mechanism on how the colors black
and white absorb heat.

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 Knowing how to illustrate the differences of the reflection and the
absorption of light in different types of materials will allow you to enhance
your skills in determining how a material absorbs or reflects light. It will
also develop further your understanding in light when doing
experimentation/s in the future when this COVID-19 pandemic is over,
when we are able to go back to school. This acquired knowledge will also
make you understand on how light works in your homes and in the
environment around you.

Let Us Reflect

In these challenging times, with the continuing threat of the Coronavirus

Disease or the COVID-19, it is very important that we keep ourselves
protected from contacting it. Such that, we must always be thankful that we
are still healthy and are able to enjoy life.
Part of this enjoying life is still being able to experience the varied and
wonderful creations in our surroundings. Even though COVID-19 has limited
our socialization and travel activities, but the confines of our home would still
make us enjoy life. One of those things is our ability to delight in the wondrous
colors of our surroundings.
We see colors because of light which is brought about by the sun, the light
visible to the human eye. The understanding of light has many interactions
and Optics is the branch of Science that studies light interaction.
In many parts of the world, people have no vision care for eye diseases and
poor vision go untreated. So, it is best to take care for our eyes.
The Bible tells us about light and reminds us that God is light and provides
direction and eliminates darkness. We can also serve as light to other people.

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Let Us Practice: Activity 1
1. Opaque Materials: Do not allow light to pass through them. Examples: concrete walls,
wooden doors, mirrors
2. Translucent Materials: allow some light to pass through them. Examples: stained glasses,
frosted windows, frosted doors
3. Transparent Materials: allow all light to pass through them. Examples: clear plastic
cellphane, glass windows, reading glasses
Questions:
1. Rainbow
2. Dark-colored clothes absorb more heat whereas light-colored ones absorb less heat.
3. Absorption refers to a material’s taking in of light and not reflecting it back while
transmission refers to the passing of light through some materials.
Let Us Practice More: Activity 2
Which illustration best fits your observation? B
Complete the idea below.
In nature, a rainbow is formed when sunlight is REFRACTED on entering a droplet of water and REFLECTED
inside the back of the droplet.
Let Us Enhance: Activity 3a
1. Opaque 2. Opaque 3. Transparent 4. Opaque 5. Translucent
6. translucent 7. Translucent 8. Transparent 9. Opaque 10. Translucent
Let Us Enhance: Activity 3a
Let Us Assess Let Us Assess Let Us Try
6. B 1. B 1. A
2. D
7. A 2. D
3. B
8. C 3. C 4. A
5. D
9. C 4. A
10. B 5. D
Answer Key
 References

Apolinario, Nenita A., Larisma, Evelyn T., Madriaga-Mariano, Jan Jason,

Santos, Gil Nonato C. Ph.D. 2015. “The New Science Links 5 Worktext
in Science and Technology” pages 244 – 248. Republic of the
Philippines, Rex Book Store.

Arradaza, Harold A., Dela Cruz, Mary Jean G., Garcia, Ednaliza R., Lopez,
Eliza A., Sarte, Evelyn T. 2016. “Science Beyond Borders Textbook”
pages 118 – 125. Republic of the Philippines, Vibal Group Inc.

Garriss, James J. 2019. January 29. Accessed January 15, 2021.

[Link]

The National Academy of Science, Engineering, Medicine 2020. January 30.

Accessed January 15, 2021. [Link]
based-on-science/covid-sunscreen.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education –Davao City Division

E. Quirino Avenue, Davao City

Telephone: (082) 227 4762

Email Address: [Link]@[Link]

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