COLAND SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY, INC

Cotabato City
First Semester, SY 2021-2022

SUBJECT: SOCIAL WELFARE PROJECT/PROGRAM

DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT

MODULE 1 PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT

PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT
seeks to engage local populations in development projects.
is a process through which stakeholders can influence and share control
over development initiatives, and over the decisions and resources that
affect themselves. (ADB 1996)
ESSENTIAL REASONS OF PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT
1. It strengthens civil society and the economy by empowering groups,
communities and organizations to negotiate with institutions and
bureaucracies, thus influencing public policy and providing a check on
the power of government; and
2. It enhances the efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of
development programs.
STAKEHOLDERS AND PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT
General public: those who are directly or indirectly affected by the project.
women’s groups, individuals and families, indigenous groups, religious groups)
Government: civil, servants in ministries, cabinets, etc.
Representative Assemblies: elected government bodies (parliament, national
and local assemblies, district and municipal assemblies, elected community
leaders.
Civil Society Organizations: networks, national and international NGO’s,
grassroot organizations, trade unions, policy development and research
institutes, media, community-based organizations.
Private sector: umbrella groups representing groups within the private sector,
professional associations, chambers of commerce.
Donor and International Financial Institutions: resource providers and
development partners
Two Perspectives that can be define Participatory Development:
1. Social Movement Perspective- defines participation as the mobilization
of people to eliminate unjust hierarchies of and knowledge power, and
economic distribution.
Empowerment Participation-is when primary stakeholders are capable
and willing to initiate the process and take part in the analysis.
2. Institutional Perspective- defines participation as the reach and
inclusion of inputs by relevant groups in the design and implementation
of a development project.

STAGES OF A PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FROM AN

INSTITUTIONAL

1. Research Stage- is where the development problem is accurately

defined.
2. Design Stage- defines the actual activities.
3. Implementation Stage- is when the planned intervention is
implemented.
4. Evaluation Stage- participation ensures that the most significant
changes are voiced, brought to common attention and assessed.
INCORPORATING PARTICIPATOR APPROACHED AND METHODS
1. Information sharing (or gathering)- is at passive or shallow end of
the participation scale.
2. Consultation- it refers to people being asked for their opinion about
something while development professionals listen to their views.
 3. Collaboration/joint decision making and empowerment/shared
control- represent what most participatory development practitioners
consider to be genuine participation.
4. Shared control- involves deeper participation than collaboration.
Citizen become empowered by accepting increasing responsibility for
developing and implementing action plans that are accountable to
group members and for either creating or strengthening local
institutions.
PHILIPPINES: DEVELOPMENT OF POOR URBAN COMMUNITIES
- The Development of Poor Urban Communities project illustrates the
value of participatory activities in designing a project. By participating in
formulation of the fundamental goals, stakeholders are empowered and
develop a sense of ownership of the activity.
- This project has a radical objective: to provide land titles to urban
squatter communities by improving housing, municipal infrastructure,
and social services. In the process, both local government and
community organizations will be strengthened to serve the needs of poor
communities better.
- Community residents became actors in project design, rather than being
simply (passive) beneficiaries. An, important step was identifying the
stakeholders who would participate in project design. The likelihood of
being affected, positively or negatively, by the project was the key
criterion for selection

1. Empowering Poor Urban Communities and Strengthening Local

Institutions (Philippines)- The Development of Poor Urban
Communities project in the Philippines builds social capital through
institutionalizing community organizations.
The Plan has Four Stages:
1. Communities engage in action planning and form teams to address
the four components of the project: livelihood, land security,
infrastructure, and social services. A board is formed that includes
the chairs of each team.
2. Community organizations (for each group of households) become
more structured and legitimized. A general assembly, including either
the husband or wife of each household, is formed and elects its
leaders. The community organization is then equipped to transact
business with external parties.
3. Community organizations in a contagious area are then organized
into clusters, farming a condition or federation headed by a cluster
council. The cluster council advocates on behalf of the members of its
cluster to the village development council, based on each community’s
development plans.
4. Cluster councils further coalesce into a municipal or citywide
organization in order to represent the community organizations before
the local government decision-making bodies. The citywide
organization assess city development and housing and land use
plans, and ensures that cluster needs and priorities are incorporated
into the city development agenda. Assessments are likewise
undertaken of the city and village budgets to ensures that their use
 reflects balanced responsiveness and sensitivity to the needs of the
urban poor.
2. Planning Method used by Communities in the Cordillera Highlands
Agricultural Resources Management Project (Philippines- a unique
feature of the cordillera Highlands Agricultural Resources Management
(CHARM) project was its use of a multilevel participatory planning
approach to maximize stakeholder participation in project decision
making.
Village level
Dialogue with elected village officials and leaders of people’s
organizations.
Provided an orientation for community members on the project and the
participatory planning process to be undertaken.
A core group was established to ensure inclusion of existing groups and
traditional institutions.
Community workshops for participatory planning were then organized by
the core group and the NGO facilitator.
The first step was a comprehensive village profile
Various methods were used: secondary date collection, households’
surveys, and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) exercises including
community maps, seasonal calendars.
Land transects, and socioeconomic and livelihood analysis. In the second
phase, core group members and village residents analyzed the data.
They identified and prioritized community issues and problems, outlined
goals and objectives.
And then created a plan of action using a project planning matrix.
Finally, they consolidated the outputs of the barangay (village) Natural
Resources Management.
Municipal and Provincial Levels
The BNRMPs including prioritized projects were then forwarded to the
municipal level where a municipal management group composed of local
government officials, relevant line agency personnel, people's
organization representatives, and elected officials, plus NGO project staff,
assessed the technical merits of projects and prioritized them across the
area.
These project lists were forwarded to the provincial management group
for final review and ranking at the provincial level. The municipal and
provincial project management groups coordinated the various line
agencies, local government units,
and NGO field staff in screening and prioritizing projects, providing
technical support, and working closely with elected community leaders
and people's organization leaders. Consensus among the key project
stakeholders at each level was obtained while finalizing the priority lists
in their areas.