RIESSA JANE C.
CAÑETE BSED SCIENCE 3B
a. Quantization of Energy
1. Give an example of a physical entity that is quantized. StateS
Specifically what the entity is and what the limits are on its values.
°Change particles are quantized, angular momentum and
energy is quantized in blackbody radiation.
°The value of change particle is quantized inform of (n)where
n is like the number of
Quantized particles and e is the electron. So, the minimum
value of quantized change is equal to the value of e.
2. Give an example of a physical entity that is not quantized, in that it
is continuous and may have a continuous range of values.
°Parameters that appearing the equations such as mass,
coupling constant.
3. What aspect of the blackbody spectrum forced Planck top ropose
quantization of energy ylevelsin its atoms and molecules?
°Planckusestheideathatatomsandmoleculesinabodyactlikeo
scillatorstoabsorb and e mitradiation The energies of the
oscillating atoms and molecules had to be quantized to
describe the shape of the blackbody spectrum. Thus,
Planck deduced that the energy of an oscillation having a
frequency (f)is given mbyE=(n+1/2)hf.
4. If Planck’s constant were large at times greater than it is, we
would observe macroscopic entities to be quantized. Describe the
motions of a child’s swing under such circumstances.
°Planck’s constant is like a pendulum that has a
characteristics oscillation frequency, but can swing with
only certain amplitudes. Quantization of energy also
resembles a standing wave fast rings that allows only in
harmonics described by integers. Your potential energy
takes place an discrete value as you move from step to
step.
[Link] don’t we notice quantization in everyday events?
°Quantization means that the particle is made of finite
amount of units. All matter and energy is made up of
quantum that is discrete units of matter and energy.
Quantization of energy an only be seen in atoms, atoms
can only take up certain discrete values of energy. Hence
this is to small to be noticed in our everyday life.
b. The Photoelectric Effect
[Link] visible light the only type of EMradiation that can cause the
photoelectric effect?
°NO, photoelectric effect requires only in decent photon
energy and greater than the work function of the material.
7. Which aspects of the photo electric effect cannot be explained
without photons? Which can be explainedwithoutphotons?
Whichcanbeexplainedwithoutphotons?Arethelatterinconsistent
with the existence of photons?
°Photoelectriceffectistheattractionofatomsfromwhenlightsstrikesam
etalsurface.
°Thephotoelectic effect can be understand with the wave behavior
of light The waves provides the energy necessary for the electrons
to move.
8. Is the photoelectric effect a direct consequence of the wave
character of EMradiation or the particle character of EMradiation?
Explain briefly.
°The photoelectric effect is a direct consequence of the
wave character of EM radiation, because one of the idea
that individual electrons in a material with the electrons
gaining the photons energy. Some of those properties are
inconsistent with the idea that EM radiation is a simple
wave.
9. Insulators (nonmetals) have a higher BE than metals, and it is more
difficult for photons to eject electrons from insulators. Discuss how
this relates to the free charges in metals that make them good
conductor.
°Conductors are material that permit electrons to flow
freely from particle to particle. An object made of a
conducting material will permit charge to be transferred
across the entire surface of the object. If charge is
transferred to the object at given location, that change is
quickly distributed across the entire surface of the object.
The distribution of charge is the result of electron
movement. Since, conductors allow electrons to be
transported from particle to particle, a changed object will
always distribute its change, until the overall repulsive
forces between excess electrons is minimized.
10. If you pick up and shake a piece of metal that has electrons in it
free to move as a current, no electrons fall out. Yet if you heat the
metal, electron scan be boiled off. Explain both of these facts as
they
relatetotheamountanddistributionofenergyinvolvedwithshakingtheo
bjectsas compared with heating it.
11. Describe one type of evidence for the wave nature of matter.
°Matter waves are evidence for its diffraction experiments
with various particles. Wherein, when the waves interacts
with objects having a size similar to its wavelength and
when electrons, they show the same types of interference
patterns as light does for diffraction graling.
12. Describe one type of evidence for the particle nature of
EMradiation.
°De Broigle propose the dual nature of electromagnetic
waves. Where EM waves polllutes both particle and wave
nature. Few experiments show that particle in nature while
the rest show wave nature.
°Double-
slitexperimentsshowedthatlightoftinyparticlesthatcreatepat
ternsof interference just as waves do.
[Link]
[Link] what velocity will an electron have a wavelength of1.00m?
[Link] is the wavelength of an electron moving at3.00% of the speed of
light?
[Link] what velocity does a pro to have a 6.00-fmwavelegth (about the size
of a nucleus)?Assume the proton is non relativistic.
(1femtometer=10¯15m)
4.Whatisthevelocityofa0.400-
kgbilliardballifitswavelengthis7.50cm(largeenoughforittointerferewith
otherbilliardballs?)
[Link] the wavelength of a proton moving at 1.00% of the speed of light.
[Link] are performed with ultra cold neutron shaving velocities
as small as 1.00m/s. what is the wavelength of such a neutron?