SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 ] CHAPTER 1: BEARING AND ANGLE

CHAPTER 1

BEARING AND ANGLE

Bearing = angle from true north

Angle = different of 2 bearing

Figure : Bearing

Base on the above figure:-

a. Bearing from A to B is 58° 26’ 35”

Back bearing or bearing from B to A is 58° 26’ 35” + 180° = 238° 26’ 35”

b. Bearing from B to C is 109° 37’ 55”

Back bearing or bearing from C to B is 109° 37’ 55” + 180° = 289° 37’ 55”

c. Bearing from C to D is 232° 08’ 47”

Back bearing or bearing from D to C is 232° 08’ 47” - 180° = 52° 08’ 47”

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 ] CHAPTER 1: BEARING AND ANGLE

CALCULATE ANGLE FROM 2 BEARING

Base on following diagram, calculate angle y

Note:

1. Check value for each bearing

2. + 180° to get right value

Angle y = 135° 34’ 54” - 39° 06’ 41”

= 96° 28’ 13”

Not right value, to get

right value - 180°

Angle y = 129° 53’ 12” - (237° 26’ 19” - 180°)

= 129° 53’ 12” - 57° 26’ 19”

= 72° 26’ 53”

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 ] CHAPTER 1: BEARING AND ANGLE

Calculate angle θ1 = 360⁰ - 289⁰ 23’ 22”

= 70⁰ 36’ 38”

Calculate angle θ2 = 49⁰ 43’ 26”

Angle y = θ1 + θ2 = 70⁰ 36’ 38” + 49⁰ 43’ 26”

= 120⁰ 20’ 04”

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 SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 ] CHAPTER 1: BEARING AND ANGLE

Angle y = (26° 03’ 24” + 180°) - 73° 01’ 42”

Angle y = (127° 55’ 15” + 180°)- 223° 19’ 28”
= 206° 03’ 24” - 73° 01’ 42”
= 307° 55’ 15” - 223° 19’ 28”
= 133° 01’ 42”
= 84° 35’ 47”

Angle y = (360°-326° 25’ 56”)+ (208° 13’ 25”-180°)

= 33° 34’ 04” + 28° 13’ 25”
Angle y = ( 35°36’43”+180°) - 18° 05’ 47”
= 61° 47’ 29”
= 215°36’ 43” - 18° 05’ 47”
= 197° 30’ 56”

Angle y = 213° 53’ 20” -138° 59’ 39”

Angle y = (360° - 282° 38’ 16”) + 36° 59’ 50”
= 74° 53’ 41”
= 77° 21’ 44” + 36° 59’ 50”
= 114° 21’ 34”
CALCULATE BEARING

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Note :-

To calculate bearing
SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 ] CHAPTER 1: BEARING AND ANGLE

Base on following diagram, calculate bearing for line x to q

Example 1

Clockwise, so to calculate
bearing = given bearing + angle

Bearing x to q = 196° 17’ 53” + 113° 52’ 26”

= 310° 10’ 19”

Example 2

Anticlockwise, so to calculate
bearing = given bearing - angle

Bearing x to q = 289° 59’ 48” - 44° 53’ 18”

= 245° 06’ 30”

Example 3

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 ] CHAPTER 1: BEARING AND ANGLE

Calculate angle θ1 = 360⁰ - 299⁰ 43’ 22”

= 60⁰ 16’ 38”

Bearing xq = 105⁰ 30’ 10” - 60⁰ 16’ 38”

= 45⁰ 13’ 32”

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 ] CHAPTER 1: BEARING AND ANGLE

Bearing x to q = 43° 42’ 08” + 78° 38’ 51” Bearing x to q = 74°02’ 07” – (360° - 305° 12’ 21” )
= 122° 20’ 59” = 19° 14’ 28”

Bearing x to q = (317° 54’ 05” -180° ) + 80° 31’ 20” Bearing x to q = 214° 43’ 25” – (360° -235° 16’ 35” )
= 137° 54’ 05” + 80° 31’ 20” = 90° 00’ 00”
= 218° 25’ 25”

Bearing x to q = (130°51’ 28” + 180° ) - 112° 59’ 15”

Bearing x to q = 360° - ( 137° 23’ 33” - 99° 37’34”) = 310° 51’ 28” - 112° 59’ 15”
= 322° 14’ 01” = 197° 52’ 13”

QUADRANT BEARING AND WHOLE CIRCLE BEARING

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 ] CHAPTER 1: BEARING AND ANGLE

 Whole circle bearing- clockwise angle from 0˚ to 360˚

 Quadratic bearing

✓ angle lying between 0˚ to 90˚

✓ direction from north or south

quadrant bearing = N θ° E Quadrant bearing = S θ° E

Whole circle bearing = θ° Whole circle bearing = 180° - θ°

Quadrant bearing = N θ° W
Quadrant bearing = S θ° W
Whole circle bearing = 360° - θ°
Whole circle bearing = 180° + θ°
CONVERT QUADRANT BEARING TO WHOLE CIRCLE BEARING

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 ] CHAPTER 1: BEARING AND ANGLE

QUADRANT BEARING WHOLE CIRCLE BEARING DRAWING

N 70° 35’ 40” E = 70° 35’ 40”

N 35° 45’ 23” W = 360° - 35° 45’ 23”

= 324° 14’ 37”

S 40° 37’ 30” E = 180° - 40° 37’ 30”

= 139° 22’ 30”

S 40° 37’ 30” W `= 180° + 40° 37’ 30”

= 220° 37’ 30”

CONVERT WHOLE CIRCLE BEARING TO QUADRANT BEARING

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 ] CHAPTER 1: BEARING AND ANGLE

WHOLE CIRCLE QUADRANT BEARING DRAWING

BEARING
70° 35’ 40” = N 70° 35’ 40” E

135° 45’ 23” = 180° - 135° 45’ 23”

= S 44° 14’ 37” E

240° 37’ 30” = 240° 37’ 30” - 180°

= S 60° 37’ 30” W

340° 37’ 30” = 360° - 340° 37’ 30”

= N 19° 22’ 30” W

TUTORIAL

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 ] CHAPTER 1: BEARING AND ANGLE

1. Base on the figure 1 and the data given, calculate all the internal angle for this traverse.

LINE BEARING
AB 100⁰ 08’ 01”
BC 140⁰ 28’ 18”
CD 237⁰ 53’ 12”
DE 270⁰ 44’24”

EF 357⁰ 12’ 14”

FA 28⁰ 17’ 02”

2. Base on the close traverse data given, sketch the traverse and calculate all the internal
angle for this traverse.

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 ] CHAPTER 1: BEARING AND ANGLE

3. Base on figure, calculate bearing for BC and CD if bearing for line AB is 320⁰ 20’14”
and internal angle for ABC is 50⁰ 20’ 15” and internal angle for BCD is 114⁰ 20’29”

LINE QUADRANT BEARING

AB N 80⁰ 10’ 41” E
BC S 37⁰ 48’ 51” E
CD S 2⁰ 13’ 10’ E
DE S 82⁰ 12’ 49” W
EF N 24⁰ 48’ 46” W
FG N 84⁰ 05’ 33” W
GA N 17⁰ 05’ 45” E

4. Base on the data given:-

i. Convert the quadrant bearing to whole bearing
ii. Calculate the internal angle for whole traverse

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 CHAPTER 2: TRIANGULATION

CHAPTER 2

Triangulation

1. c² = a² + b² - 2ab cos C
𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑐 2
2. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐 = 2𝑎𝑏

1
3. area = absin C
2

4. area = s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c)

a+b+c
s=
2

sin A sin B
5. =
a b
Pythagoras theorem
1. 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
𝐴𝐵 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
2. sin 𝜃 = = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝐴𝐶

𝐵𝐶 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡
3. cos 𝜃 = = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝐴𝐶

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
4. tan 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝐻
𝐻 𝑉=
𝑉= cot 𝛼 + cot 𝛽
cot 𝛼 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 CHAPTER 2: TRIANGULATION

EXAMPLE 1: PYTHAGORAS THEOREM

30 40
sin 60° 52’ 07” = Tan 83° 19’ 20” =
AB AP
AB = 34.344 AP = 4.683

AD
sin 70° 54’ 10” = BC
11.029 sin 6028'30" =
AD = 10.422 48.223
BC = 41.961
XD
cos 70° 54’ 10” =
11.029
XD = 3.608

12.352
cos θ =
60.231
-1 12.352
θ = cos
60.231
θ = 78° 09’ 58”

𝐵𝐶 = √(60.231)2 − (12.352)2
BC = 58.951

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 CHAPTER 2: TRIANGULATION

Example 2

Calculate distance for line AG and AB

FIND ANGLE A

Angle A = (23⁰17’17” + 180⁰)-56⁰10’32”

= 147⁰ 06’ 45”

FIND ANGLE B

Angle B=(56⁰ 10’ 32” +180⁰) – (38⁰ 20’ 18” + 180⁰)

= 17⁰ 50’ 14”

FIND ANGLE G

Angle G= 38⁰20’18’ - 23⁰17’17”

= 15⁰ 03’ 01”

FIND DISTANCE AG USING SIN METHOD

sin 147⁰06′45" sin 17⁰50′14"

=
84.178 𝐴𝐺

AG = 47.487

FIND DISTANCE AB USING SIN METHOD

sin 147⁰06′45" sin 15⁰03′01"

=
84.178 𝐴𝐵

AB = 40.255

Example 3

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 CHAPTER 2: TRIANGULATION

Calculate distance AB and bearing AG

FIND ANGLE B

= (23⁰17’17” + 180⁰)-(342⁰52’05”-180⁰)

= 40⁰ 25’ 12”

FIND ANGLE A USING SIN METHOD

sin 40⁰25′12" sin 𝐴

=
36.759 56.234

A = 82⁰ 42’ 12”

FIND BEARING AG

BEARING AG= 23⁰17’17’ + 82⁰ 42’ 12”

= 105⁰ 59’ 29”

FIND ANGLE G

ANGLE G = 342⁰52’05” –(105⁰59’29” +180⁰)

= 56⁰ 52’ 36”

FIND DISTANCE AB USING SIN METHOD

sin 56⁰52′36" sin 40°25′12"

=
𝐴𝐵 36.759

AB = 47.480

Example 4

Calculate bearing and distance for line XD

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 CHAPTER 2: TRIANGULATION

Angle XED = (227⁰ 45’ 25” - 180° )- (200° 48’ 06” - 180° )

= 26° 57’ 19”

Distance XD = √(64.439)2 + (150.611)2 − 2(64.439)(150.611) cos 26° 57’ 19”

= 97.644

sin 26° 57’ 19” sin 𝑥

=
97.644 64.439

Angle EXD = 17° 24’ 23”

Bearing XD = 200°48’ 06” - 17° 24’ 23”

= 183° 23 43”

EXAMPLE 5

Given area for triangulation AXY is 1568.518m². Calculate distance AX and bearing and distance for line
XY
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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 CHAPTER 2: TRIANGULATION

Calculate distance AX using area formula

Calculate angle A = 153° 46’ 44” - 88° 57’ 42”

= 64°49’02”
1
area =  ( AX )( AY ) sin A
2

1
1568.518 =  ( AX )(66.380) sin 6449'02"
2

AX =52.222

Calculate bearing and distance for line XY

𝑋𝑌 2 = 𝐴𝑌 2 + 𝐴𝑋 2 − 2(𝐴𝑌)(𝐴𝑋) cos 𝐴

𝑋𝑌 2 = (66.380)2 + (52.222)2 − 2(66.380)(52.222) cos 64°49’02”

𝑋𝑌 2 = 4183.403

𝑋𝑌 = √4183.403

𝑋𝑌 = 64.679

Type equation here.

𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒚

sin 64°49’02” 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦

=
64.679 52.222

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 CHAPTER 2: TRIANGULATION

sin 𝑦 = 0.731

𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 0.731

𝑦 = 46° 56′31"

Calculate bearing xy

Bearing YA = 153° 46’ 44” + 180°

= 333° 46’ 44”

Bearing XY = 46° 56′31" - (360° - 333° 46’ 44”)

= 20° 43’ 15”

Example 6

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 CHAPTER 2: TRIANGULATION

Given vertical angle from station A to the top of building is 48⁰ 29’ 07” and vertical angle from station B
to the top of building is 46⁰29’28”. Calculate distance from station A to B. If height of building CD is
46.421m.

𝐻
𝑉=
cot 𝛼 + cot 𝛽

𝐻
46.421 =
cot 48° 29′ 07" + cot 46° 29′ 28"
1 1
H = 46.421 ⌊tan 48° 29′ 07" + tan 46° 29′ 28"⌋

H = 46.421 (0.885 + 0.949)

H = 46.421( 1.834)

H = 85.136

Example 7

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 CHAPTER 2: TRIANGULATION

Base on above figure, calculate height of building AB.

𝐻
𝑉= cot 𝛼−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝛽

55.977
𝑉=
cot 56°59 41"−cot 33°05′ 40"
′

55.977
𝑉= 1 1
−
tan 56°59′ 41" tan 33°05′ 40"

55.977
𝑉=
1 1
−
1.540 0.652

55.977
𝑉=
0.649 − 1.534

𝑉 = 63.251

Base on given situation, calculate:-

i. Height of tower BC

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 CHAPTER 2: TRIANGULATION

ii. Horizontal distance AD

iii. Slope distance AB

Base on diagram below, calculate height h2. Given data

Reduce lavel A and B = 30 m

Reduce lavel D = 135.5 m

Vertical angle α = 30⁰ 00 00

Vertical angle β = 36⁰ 20’ 00”

Instrument height ,hi = 1.5 m

Horizontal distance from station A to B = 128.5m

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 CHAPTER 2: TRIANGULATION

Tutorial
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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 CHAPTER 2: TRIANGULATION

Calculate distance BC ,AC and angle BAC

Calculate distance AD and bearing BC

Answer : BC: 25.116 , AC 45.578 Answer : AD: 29.834 bearing BC :127° 35’35”
angle BAC= 33° 26’22”

Given area for triangulatian ABD is 600.680m² and area for triangulation BDC is 502.849 m² . Calculate
distance for line DC.

Answer: DC : 26.919
Calculate distance EC ,AC and area CDE

Answer: EC : 22.060 , AC :33.372 Area CDE : 269.385m²

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SURVEY COMPUTATION 1 CHAPTER 2: TRIANGULATION

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