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Survey Computation: Traverse Methods

1) A traverse is a continuous line defined by bearings and distances. It can be an open traverse where it starts and ends at different points, or a closed traverse where it starts and ends at the same point. 2) Latitude is the north-south coordinate difference calculated as distance x cosine of bearing. Departure is the east-west coordinate difference calculated as distance x sine of bearing. 3) The linear misclosure is a measure of the error in a closed traverse, calculated from the sum of the squared differences of the latitudes and departures. Smaller misclosure indicates higher accuracy.

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Noor Faizah Zohardin
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17 views10 pages

Survey Computation: Traverse Methods

1) A traverse is a continuous line defined by bearings and distances. It can be an open traverse where it starts and ends at different points, or a closed traverse where it starts and ends at the same point. 2) Latitude is the north-south coordinate difference calculated as distance x cosine of bearing. Departure is the east-west coordinate difference calculated as distance x sine of bearing. 3) The linear misclosure is a measure of the error in a closed traverse, calculated from the sum of the squared differences of the latitudes and departures. Smaller misclosure indicates higher accuracy.

Uploaded by

Noor Faizah Zohardin
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

[SURVEY COMPUTATION CHAPTER 3 : TRAVERSE

Chapter 3

TRAVERSE

TRAVERSE is continues line with bearing and distance

OPEN TRAVERSE CLOSE TRAVERSE

▪ Start and close the traverse at same point

▪ Close the traverse at unknown


coordinate

▪ Start and close the traverse at known coordinate

NFZ 1
[SURVEY COMPUTATION CHAPTER 3 : TRAVERSE

LATITUDE DEPARTURE

▪ Distance x cos (bearing) ▪ Distance x sin (bearing)


▪ Different of N/S coordinate ▪ Different of E/ W coordinate
▪ Latitude = distance x cos bearing ▪ Departure = distance x sin bearing

Latitude = 62 - 100 Depart = 232 – 200


= - 38 = 32

ADJUSTMENT FOR LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE

BOWDITCH METHOD TRANSIT METHOD


LATITUDE

DEPARTURE

LINEAR MISCLOSURE

LINEAR MISCLOSURE =

(latit ) 2 + (depart) 2
1:
total of dis tan ce

Base on following diagram calculate latitude, departure and linear misclosure for this traverse
NFZ 2
[SURVEY COMPUTATION CHAPTER 3 : TRAVERSE

STN BEARING DISTANCE LATIT DEPART


N (+) S (-) E (+) W (-)
1
2 45° 11’ 50” 10.658 7.510 7.562
3 113° 25’ 10” 14.468 5.750 13.276
4 179° 10’ 20” 11.888 11.887 0.172
5 221° 37’ 50” 15.144 11.319 10.061
1 332° 57’ 10” 24.085 21.451 10.952
Total 76.243 28.961 28.956 21.010 21.013
Different 0.005 0.003

(0.005) 2 + (0.003) 2
Linear misclosure =1:
76.243

= 1 : 13 076

Latit = 10.658 x sin 45° 11’ 50” = 7.510

Depart = 10.658 x cos 45° 11’ 50” =7.562

CALCULATE LATITUDE, DEPARTURE AND ADJUSTMENT USING BOWDITCH METHOD

NFZ 3
[SURVEY COMPUTATION CHAPTER 3 : TRAVERSE

STN BEARING DISTANCE LATIT DEPART


N (+) S (-) E (+) W (-)
1
2 54° 13’ 30” 13.358 7.809 10.838
+0.000 -0.001
7.809 10.837
3 117° 01’ 00” 16.510 7.500 14.708
-0.001 -0.001
7.499 14.707
4 196° 53’ 50” 17.989 17.212 5.229
-0.001 +0.001
17.211 5.230
5 271° 04’ 00” 24.380 0.454 24.376
+0.000 +0.001
0.454 24.377
1 13° 52’ 50” 16.941 16.446 4.064
+0.001 -0.001
16.447 4.063
Total 89.178 24.709 24.712 29.610 29.605
Different 0.003 0.005

16.941
(0.003) 2 + (0.005) 2  0.005 = 0.001
Linear misclosure =1: 89.178
89.178 Note:

= 1 : 15 294 + for small value and


– for large value

CALCULATE LATITUDE, DEPARTURE AND ADJUSTMENT USING TRANSIT METHOD

NFZ 4
[SURVEY COMPUTATION CHAPTER 3 : TRAVERSE

STN BEARING DISTANCE LATIT DEPART


N (+) S (-) E (+) W (-)
1
2 54° 13’ 30” 13.358 7.809 10.838
+0.000 -0.001
7.809 10.837
3 117° 01’ 00” 16.510 7.500 14.708
-0.000 -0.001
7.500 14.707
4 196° 53’ 50” 17.989 17.212 5.229
-0.001 +0.000
17.211 5.229
5 271° 04’ 00” 24.380 0.454 24.376
+0.000 +0.002
0.454 24.378
1 13° 52’ 50” 16.941 16.446 4.064
+0.001 -0.000
16.447 4.064
Total 89.178 24.709 24.712 29.610 29.605
Different 0.003 0.005
49.421 59.215

24.376
 0.005 = 0.002
59.215

NFZ 5
[SURVEY COMPUTATION CHAPTER 3 : TRAVERSE

Calculate area using double meridian method

STN BEARING DISTANCE LATIT DEPART 2 X LATIT 2 X DEPART (2XLATIT) X


N (+) S (-) E (+) W (-) DEPART
1
2 54° 13’ 30” 13.358 7.809 10.838
+0.000 -0.001 7.809 10.837 84.626
7.809 10.837
3 117° 01’ 00” 16.510 7.500 14.708
-0.001 -0.001 8.119 36.381 119.406
7.499 14.707
4 196° 53’ 50” 17.989 17.212 5.229
-0.001 +0.001 -16.591 45.858 86.771
17.211 5.230
5 271° 04’ 00” 24.380 0.454 24.376
+0.000 +0.001 -33.348 16.251 812.924
0.454 24.377
1 13° 52’ 50” 16.941 16.446 4.064
+0.001 -0.001 -16.447 -4.063 -66.824
16.447 4.063
Total 89.178 24.709 24.712 29.610 29.605 1036.903
Different 0.003 0.005

1036.903
Area =
2
16.251-24.377+4.063
-16.447 x 4.064
= 518.452 =-4.063
= - 66.824

NFZ 6
[SURVEY COMPUTATION CHAPTER 3 : TRAVERSE

MISSING LINE

Distance = (latit ) 2 + (depart) 2 depart


Bearing = tan  =
latit

IDENTIFY BEARING BASE ON LATITUDE AND DEPARTURE

LATIT AND DEPART DIAGRAM BEARING

Latitude (+)
Bearing = θ
Departure (+)

Latitude (-)
Bearing = 180 - θ
Departure (+)

Latitude (-)
Bearing = 180 + θ
Departure (-)

Latitude (+)
Bearing = 360 - θ
Departure (-)

NFZ 7
[SURVEY COMPUTATION CHAPTER 3 : TRAVERSE

Base on following diagram, calculate bearing and distance for station 4 to 5

STEP BY STEP :

1. 1st check all bearing


2. After that calculate latit and
depart for all line
3. Calculate total of latit and
depart
4. Using latit and depart to
calculate bearing and distance

1. Bearing from station 1 to 2 = 245° 45’ 10” - 180° = 65° 45’ 10”

STN BEARING DISTANCE LATIT DEPART

5
1 347° 58’ 50” 35.625 35.822 -7.627
2 65° 45’ 10” 26.489 10.878 24.152
3 131° 39’ 10” 28.942 -19.235 21.625
4 209° 52’ 30” 22.183 -19.235 -11.050
5 -8.230 -27.100
Total (cheking) 0.000 0.000

Distance = (8.230) 2 + (27.100) 2

= 28.322

27.100
tan  =
8.230

θ = 73° 06’ 25”

Bearing 4-5 = 180° + 73° 06’ 25”

= 253° 06’ 25”

NFZ 8
[SURVEY COMPUTATION CHAPTER 3 : TRAVERSE

Base on following diagram, calculate bearing and distance for station 2 to 3

1. Bearing from station 3 to 4 = 285° 47’ 34” - 180° = 105° 47’ 34”

STN BEARING DISTANCE LATIT DEPART

3
4 105° 47’ 34” 37.282 -10.147 35.875
5 158° 29’ 10” 39.990 -37.204 14.665
1 241° 23’ 00” 47.549 -22.773 -41.741
2 319° 44’ 44” 49.931 38.106 -32.265
3 32.018 23.466
Total (cheking) 0.000 0.000
Distance = (32.018) 2 + (23.466 ) 2

= 39.696

23.466
tan  =
32.018

θ = 36⁰ 14’ 16”

Bearing 2-3 = 36⁰ 14’ 16”

Tutorial

NFZ 9
[SURVEY COMPUTATION CHAPTER 3 : TRAVERSE

1. Base on following diagram, calculate bearing and distance for station 4 to 5

Answer : 41.507 193⁰ 52’ 11”

2 . Base on following diagram, calculate bearing and distance for station 6 to 1

Answer : 35.556 146⁰ 39’ 58”

NFZ 10

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