CHAPTER 6 Triangles CASE STUDY / PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS Syllabus Definitions examples, courter examples of smile triangles. 1.(Prove)faine ishawn, parallel to one side ofa triangle to intersect the ther two sides in distinct points, the othertwosides are dvded inthe same 2.(Motivate) Kalin divides two sides of atriange in the same ati, theline paralleltothethirdside. 3.(Motivate fin two triangles, the cotesponding ‘angles are equal their corresponding sides are proportional and the triangles ae sir. ‘4. (Motvate) ifthe corresponding sides of two tranales are proportional, their corresponding angles ‘ate equal and the wo triangles ae similar 5,(Motvate) Fone angle ofatriangleis equal to ‘one angle ofanother triangle andthe sides including these angles are proportional, the two ‘tangles are similar 6 (Motivate)if2 perpendicular is drawn, from the vertex ofthe right angle ofa right triangle tothe hypotenuse the ttiangles on each side of the perpendicular aresimilarto the whole triangle and 0 cach other, 7,(Prove) Ina right triangle, the squate ofthe hypotenuse is equal tothe sum ofthe squares of the other two sides. Y—_—___— Cardboard Pieces Activity Ina classroom, students were playing with some pieces of cardboard as shown below. 4 oA All of a sudden, teacher entered into classroom. She told students to arrange all pieces, On seeing this beautiful image, she observed that AADH is right angled triangle, which contains (i) right triangles ABJ and IGH. (ii) quadrilateral GFJT I Lc ) squares JKLM and LCBK ‘angles MLEF and LCD! After observation, she ask certain questions to students. Help them to answer these questions. (If an insect (small ant) walks 24 m from H to F, then walks 6 m to reach at M, then walks 4 m to reach at L and finally crossing K, reached at J. Find the distance between initial and final position of insect. (a) 25m (b) 26m () 27m (d) 28m (ii) If m, n and rare the sides of right triangle ABi, then which of the following can be correct? (a) me +=? (b) m+n+P=0 (0) nP +n =2P (d) none of these (iii) If AABJ ~ AADH, then which similarity criterion is used here? (a) AA (b) SAS (Q) AAS (d) sss (iv) If ZABJ=90° and B, Jare mid points of sides AD and AH respectively and BY|| DH, then which of the following option is false? AABJ~SADH (b) 2B) =DH Ap = B+ AB (d) AB_ AL (a) J- (b) 2B] () AP =JBP+ @ 3 AH(v) If APQR is right triangle with QM PR, then which of the following is not correct? (a) APMQ~ APQR ° (>) QR = PRE PQ? () PR'=PQ+QR Ms (a) APMQ~ SQMR R Q y—_—_—_—_— Application of Pythagoras Theorem An aeroplane leaves an airport and flies due north at a speed of 1200 km /hr. At the same time, another aeroplane leaves the same station and flies due west at the speed of 1500 km/hr as shown below. After 5 hr both the aeroplanes reaches at point P and Q respectively. s Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i Distance travelled by aeroplane towards north after 1 hr is 2 (a) 1800 km (b) 1500 km (1400 km (@) 1350km (li) Distance travelled by aeroplane towards west after he is (a) 1600 km () 1800km (© 2250km (@) 2400 km (iii) In the given figure, 2POQ is (a) 70° () 90° (0 80° @)_ 100° 1 (iv) Distance between aeroplanes after 1 hr sis (a) 450/41 km (b) 350¥31 km (9) 125V12 km (4) 472/41 km (v) Area of APOQ is (a) 185000 km? (b) 179000 km? (© 186000 km? (@ 2025000 km—Q—__—_ Measurement of Height Rohit’s father is a mathematician. One day he gave Robit an activity to measure the height of building. Rohit accepted the challenge and placeda mirror on ground level to determine the height of building. He is standing at acertain distance so that he can see the top of the building reflected from mirror. Rohit eye level is at 1.8 m above ground. The distance of Rohit from mirror and that of building from mirror are 1.5 m and 2.5 m respectively. 18m PY Boo25m Miro) 15m Dp Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) ‘Iwo similar triangles formed in the above figure is (a) AABMand ACMD (b) AAMBand ACDM = (c) AABMandACDM (4) None of these (ii) Which criterion of similarity is applied here? (a) AA similarity criterion (b)_ SSS similarity criterion (©. SAS similarity criterion (@)_ASA similarity criterion (iii) Height of the building is (@) im (b) 2m ( 3m (d) 4m (iv) In AABM, if ZBAM = 30°, then ZMCD is equal to (a) 40° (b) 30° () 65° (d) 90° (¥) IfSABMand ACDM are similar where CD = 6 cm, MD = 8 cm and BM = 24cm, then AB is equal to (a) 16cm (b>) 18cm (Q 12cm (@ 14cm Y——— Application of Similar Triangles Meenal was trying to find the height of tower near his house. She is using the properties of similar triangles, The height of Meenal’s house is 20 m. When Meenal’s house casts a shadow of 10 m long on the ground, at the same time, tower castsa shadow of 50 m long and Arun's house casts a shadow of 20 m long on the ground asshown below. Tower ‘Meenal’s house ~~ 20m 10mBased on the above formation, answer the following questions. (What is the height of tower? (2) 100m (b) 50m (9 15m (@ 45m (ii) What will be the length of shadow of tower when Meenal’s house casts.a'shadow of 15 m? (a) 45m (b) 70m (Q 75m @ 72m (iii) Height of Arun's house is (a) 80m (>). 75m () 60m (d) 40m (iv) Lf tower casts a shadow of 40 m, then find the length of shadow of Arun's house. (a) 18m (>) 16m ( 7m @ 4m (W) Iftower castsa shadow of 40 m, then what will be the length of shadow of Meenal's house? (a) 7m (6) 9m (© 4m (@ 8m Gardening in the Backyard In the backyard of house, Shikha has some empty space in the shape of a APQR. She decided to make ita garden. She divided the whole space into three parts by making boundaries AB and CD using bricks to grow flowers and vegetables where AB||CDI|QR as shown in figure. 1Sm Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (The length of AB is (a) 3m (b) 4m © 5m @) om (ii) ‘The length of CDis @ 4m (b) 5m © 6m @ 7m (iii) Area of whole empty land is (a) 90m? (b) 60m? (©) 32m (a) 720° (iv) Area of APABis 45 2 45 8 4 4 Sy ») Om Sia é 2 @ F () Sm © =m Os (v) Area of APCDis 12> 245, 2455 (b) (d) — m (a) ms (b) 2 © @Inspection of Road Minister ofa state went to city Q from city P. There is a route via city R such that PR L RQ. PR= 2x km and RQ=2(x +7) km. He noticed that there isa proposal to construct a 26 km highway which directly connects the two cities Pand Q. P ae R +7) ° Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) Which concept can be used to get the value of x? (a) Thales theorem (b) Pythagoras theorem (c) Converse of thales theorem (a) Converse of Pythagoras theorem (ii) “The value of xis @) 4 (b) 6 5 (d) 8 (iii) The value of PR is (a) 10km (b) 20km (© 15km @ 25km (iv) ‘The value of RQis (a) 12km (b) 24km (© 16km (@) 20km (¥) How much distance will be saved in reaching city Q after the construction of highway? (a) 10km (b) 9km () 4km (d) 8km Class teacher draw the shape of quadrilateral on board. Ankit observed the shape and explored on his notebook in different ways as shown below. D c Bo EF Fig 1 Fig. 2 Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (In fig. 1, if ABCD is a trapezium with AB || CD, E and F are points on non-parallel sides AD and BC respectively such that EF || AB, then = =BE AB BE ® oD © oo © (d) None of these (ii) In fig. 1, if AB|| CD, and DO = 3x- 19, OB = x - 5, OC = x - 3 and AO =3, then the value of x can be (a) 5or8 (b) 80r9 (© 1or12 (@) 130814 (ili) In fig, 1, if OD = 3x - 1, OB = 5x - 3, OC = 2x-+ 1 and‘AO = 6x — 5, then the value of xis (a) 0 (b) 1 (2 (@) 3 (iv) Infig.2, in ABC, if PQ|| BCand AP = 2.4 cm, AQ =2 em, QC=3 em and BC = 6 em, then AB + PQisequal to (a) 7.2em (b). 59cm (© 26cm (@ 84cm (¥) In fig. 2, in ADEF, if RS || EF, DR = 4x - 3, DS= 8x -7, E (@ 4 (b) 2 (© 8 (a) 10 2 Diwali Decoration Ankita wants to make a toran for Diwali using some pieces of cardboard. She cut some cardboard pieces as shown below: If perimeter of AADE and ABCE are in the ratio 2 3, then answer the following questions. 3x-1Land PS = 5x ~ 3, then the value of « is (i) Ifthe two triangles here are similar by SAS similarity rule, then thelr corresponding proportional sides are AE _ DE BE _CE © Cee () “AE” DE wo 22-2 (€) None ofthese CE DE (ii) Length of BC = (a) 2em (b) 4em () Sem (d) None of these (iii) Length of AD (a) 10/3. em (b) 9/[Link] (0 5/3cm (d) 4/[Link] (iv) Length of ED = (a) 4/3. cm (b) 8/3 em (9 7/3. (d) Can't be determined (v) Length of A. (a) Fx BE () VAD DE (0 Flac? =cE (a) Allof theseg—_—_—_— ‘Aruna visited to her uncle house. From a point A, where ‘Aruna was standing, a bus and building come in a straight line as shown in the figure. Based on the above information, answer the. following questions. (i) Which similarity criteria can be seen in this case, if bus and building are considered inva straight line? Asm (a) AA (b) SAS (©) SSS (d) ASA (ii) Ifthe distance between Aruna and the bus is twice as much as the height of the bus, then the height of the bus is (a) 40m (b) 125m (© 15m (@) 25m (ii) Ifthe distance of Aruna from the building is twelve times the height of the bus, then the ratio of the heights of bus and building is (a) 3:1 (b) 1:4 (©) 1:6 (d) 2:3 (iv) What is the ratio of the distance between Aruna and top of bus to the distance between the tops of bus and building? (a) 1:5 (b) 1:6 (© 2:5 (d) Can't be determined (v) What is the height of the building? (a) 50m (b) 75m (©) 120m (@) 30m Mountain Trekking ‘Two hotels areat the ground level on cither side of a mountain, On moving a certain distance towards the top of the mountain two huts are situated as shown in the figure. The ratio between the distance from hotel B to hut-2 and that of hut-2 to mountain top is 3: 7. Mountain ‘op Hut-1Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) What is the ratio of the perimeters of the triangle formed by both hotels and mountain top to the triangle formed by both huis and mountain top? (a) 5:2 (b) 10:7 (ii) "The distance between the hotel A and hut-1 is, (a) 2.5 miles (b) 29 miles (© 7:33 (@) 3:10 (©) 4.29 miles (d) 1.5 miles (ui) If the horizontal distance between the hut-1 and hut-2 is 8 miles, then the distance between the two hotels is (a) 24 miles (b), 11.43 s (© 9miles (@) 7 miles (iv) If the distance from mountain top to hut-1 is 5 miles more than that of distance from hotel B to mountain top. then what is the distance between hut-2 and mountain top? (a) 3.5 miles (b) 6 miles (©) 5.5 miles (d@) 4 miles (v)_ What is the ratio of areas of two parts formed in the complete figure? (a) 53:21 (b) 10:41 (©) 51:33 (@) 49:51 SR de le Sy 1. (i) (b):As JKLM isa square. ML [* So, JF=6 + ‘ Required distance between y B initial and final position of Ate insect = HJ 6m =V(uFY +0FP fcr Ed = V(24)? + (10)? ums = V676 =26m (ii) (a): By Pythagoras, 1? + (iii) (a): In AABJ and ADIT 2B=ZD=90" ZA= ZA (common) By AA similarity criterion, AABJ ~ ADH. (iv) (d): Since, AABJ ~ AADH [ By AA similarity criterion] , ABLAL “AD” AH (v) (©): Since, PR’ = PQ + QR” [By Pythagoras theorem] 2. (i) (a):Speed = 1200 km/hr She 2 Time= 12 hi 2 <. Required distance = Speed x Time =1200x3= 2 800 km (ii) (c): Speed = 1500 km/hr 3 Time= 2 hr c. Required distance = Speed x Time =1500x3= 2250 km (ii) (): Clearly, directions are always perpendicular to-cach other. e 2P0Q=90° (iv) (a): Distance between aeroplanes after G hour = (1800)? +(2250)? =J3240000+ 5062500 = (8302500 = 450/41 km () @): Area of APOQ: =4 xbasexheight =X 2250x1800 = 2250 x 900 = 2025000 km (c): Since, 2B -D = 90°, ZAMB = 4CMD (++ Angle of incident = Angle of reflection)By similarity criterion, ABM ~ ACDM Gi) (a) (ili) (¢) s AABM ~ ACDM AB_ BM cD” DM = AB= rs =3m (iv) (b):Since, AABM~ ACDM ZA=LC=30 {vv Cortesponding angles of similar triangles are also equal] (v) (b): Since, AABM ~ ACDM AB_BM > AB_24 == => AB=18cm cD MD” 6 8 4. (i) (a):Since, AABC ~ APQR ENEN a 0m OC Q om ABBE, x 50 PQ QR 20 10 “Thus, height of tower is 100m (i): Since, AABC ~ APQR = x=100 + if ‘ny uv ism 2» Wls s © 105m 215 i) (d): Since, the shapes are similar x m0 20°10 20m 0x2 = 10 Ym Z Q mk (Gv) (b): Since, the shapes are similar, so, 4°. 0 = x=lom Al B 4m © 20 _ x (v) (d): Since, the shapes are similar, so, —=— Ww) @: ips joo 740 = 20x40 _ 100 100m 20m 5. (i) (a):In APAB and APQR, 2P ‘P (Common) ZA = ZQ (Corresponding angles) By AA similarity criterion, APAB ~ APQR , ABLPA _, AB_S “QR PQ er (ii) (d): Similarly, APCD and APQR are similar. = AB=3m (ili) (a): Area of whole empty land = } ase x eight =] x12x15=90 mn? (iv) (b): Since, APAB ~ APQR. _ ar(APAB) (24) -(s at * ar(BPQR) (PQ) “ (24) “16 1 45 = ar(APAB)=— 90 =— m* 16 8 ar(APQR) =90 m’ ] (v)_(@):Since, APCD ~ APQR. an(PCD) _(PCY _ (147 _(7,F *ar(APQR) (PQ) (a4) (a2 => ar(Apcp) = 20%? _ 5 4 8 6 (i) b) (W)_(©): Using Pythagoras theorem, we have PQ? = PR? + RQ?(26)? = (2x)? + (2(x + 7))? > 676 = Ax? + 400+ 7) 169 = 27 +37 +494 [4v37 + 7x-50=0 x) + 12x-5x-60=0 x(x +12) — 5(+ 12) =0= (x- 5) (e+ 12) =0 x=5.x=-12 x-5 [Since length can't be negative] Gi) (@): PR=2x=25=10km (iv) (b): RQ=20x +7) = 25 + 7) =24km. (W) @):Since, PR#RQ=10+ 24 = 34k Saved distance = 34-26 =8 km 7 WO (il) ():Since, 4408 ~ ACOD [By AA similarity criterion] UU _ 40_ BO 3 _ x5 “0c Op ~ x-3 3x19 > 3Gx- 19) =(e-5)(x-3) = 9r-57 =x) —3x-Sx41S3x°-17K+72=0 = (x-8)(x-9) di) © AO _ BO oc” op 2x41 = (@r-5)Gx- 1) = (5x-3)2e+1) 3x-1 > 18e —6x— 15x45 = 10x" + Sx — 6x3 = Sr -200+8=0 = 2x7 5x+2=0 From options, x= 2 is the only value that satisfies this equation. (iv) @): Since AAPQ~ AABC [By AA similarity criterion] 2, AP LAQ_?PQ 24 2 _ PQ “AB AC BC ABS 6 24xS 2x6 AB=— = 6 cmand PQ=——=24 cm AB + PQ=6+2.4=84cm (a): Since, ADRS ~ ADEF (By AA similarity criterion) DE DR DE FS = oS a DR DS DR DS DR_ DS 4x-3_8x-7 = = ER FS 3r-1 5x-3 = 20x? 12x - 15x +9=24x7 8x — 21x47 = 4 2x-2=0 = 2 x-1=0 Only option (a) ic., x= I satisfies this equation. 8. (i) (b):If AAED and ABEG, are similar by SAS similarity rule, then their corresponding proportional sdesare = sidesare = (©): By Pythagoras theorem, we have BC =VcE? + EB = V2 +3? = Vi6+9 =V25=5em (a): Since AADE and ABCE are Perimeter of ADE AD Perimeter of ABCE AP ap 5 ‘BC __ Perimeter of AADE * Perimeter of ABCE ED 4x2 Ps w=4? 4 3 ty) (a); PetIMLEE OFAADE AE 2 a ap Perimeter of ABCE BE 3 = ag=2Vac?—cr Also, in AED, AE = VAD? — DE? 9. Let BC represents the height of bus and DE represents the height of building, Amd (i) (@:In AABCand AADE, ZA= ZA (Common) B= ZD (Corresponding angles) AABC ~ AADE (By AA similarity criteria) (i) (b): We have, AB = 2BC D So, height of bus = 12.5 m (iii) (c): We have, AD = 12 BC = AD=12x 125= 150m ‘2 AABC~ AADE AB_BC _ BC_25_1 AD” DE~ DE 150 6 So, ratio of heights of bus and building is 1: 6.(iv) (a):Since, AABC ~ AADE Now, required ratio Ratio of their corresponding AB_AC AC_1 ides - BC —19, aE? aE sides = © = "ie, 10:7. AD AE AE 6 EC 7 AC 1 ACL) ce, DE ||-AB, therefore AE-AC 6-1 EC 5 10 7 103 ; Required ratio AD nay ik eae] -29 miles ()_(b): Height of the building = DE ii) (b) : Since, AABC~ ADEC me BC _ AB * Corresponding sides of similar adh BC DE triangles are proportional] 10_ AB 80 - 10. (i) (b):Let SABC is the triangle formed by both. > 7 =—g > ABS =11.43 miles hotels and mountain op. ACDE is the triangle formed Gy) (q). Given, DC=5 + BC. by both huts and mountain top. Cleatly, BC= 10-55 miles Clearly, DE || AB and so 7 7 AABC ~ ADEC [By AA-similarity criterion} Now, CE = to x BC = 0 x5=35 miles ¢ (¥) (d):Clearly, the ratio of areas of two triangles (ie. AABC to ADEC) 7 _(BCY _ (10) _ 100 (ic) “GJ ar(ACDE) 4949 a \ © ar(EBAD) 100-49 51