A
PROJECT REPORT
Submitted on
“AUTOCAD”
In Partial fulfillment
DIPLOMA
In Department of Mechanical Automobile Engineering
Submitted By :- Submitted to :-
Arya vardhan Dubey Mr. V.K. Garg HOD
GPC NEEMRANA Mechanical [Link]
Session :- 2021-22
Guided by :- Mr. Vinod kumar (Lecture)
Department of Mechanical Automobile Engineering
Board of technical Education .Govt. of Rajasthan
About Msme
Msme’s philosophy of integrated solution for indian industrial
growth is based on provision to bridge the gap between
industrial needs for trained, skilled & innovative manpower. The
training center of msme technology centre bhiwadi has one of
the most sophisticated setup for imparting training in tool & die,
cnc and cad/cam technology. The training is imparted through
scientifically developed curriculum with the application of latest
audio visual training equipment. The emphasis is on maintaining
scientific blend of theory and practice to equip the trainee for
applying acquired knowledge.
Website
[Link]
Industries
Design
Company size
11-50 employees
Headquarters
Plot No. SP3 – 871 (A), 872, RIICO Industrial Estate Pathredi,
Bhiwadi, Rajasthan 301019, 301019
Type
Government Agency
Founded
2018
Specialties
Full-fledged training workshop , Well-equipped Mechatronics &
Robotics Kits including PLC, VLSI, SCADA, EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS , Up to date Design & CAD/CAM facilities , and
Well-equipped modern production workshop with latest CNC
Machines.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
For the award of polytechnic diploma the original work carried out by us. It has not formed the
part of any other thesis submitted award of any diploma, either in this or any other Board or
university.
Name of students SPN no
Arya vardhan dubey 2021BWD070167
II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am very thankful to Director Board Technical Education Rajasthan Jodhpur to permitting
me to complete this project which is about
"Autocad" .
This project will prove very knowledgeable for me as I have learnt many things like team work,
Market survey, Troubleshotting, Instant decision making and many more things like leadership
quality.
I also like to pay sincere thanks to Principal Government Polytechnic College, Neemarna for
doing her best regarding my project and guiding me as required.
I am very much thankfully to Mr Vinod Kumar (Lecture) to allowing me in the machine shop
so I can complete our desire works , Mr Nitin Mehra
(Lecture) to guiding me as the project guide during the whole process , Mr Vinay Kumar
Garg(H.O.D) to guiding me about the timelines and the further process during the project work
bring completed.
CERTIFICATE
This to certify that the project report entilled “AUTOCAD” was successfully completed by
students of II year DIPLOMA MECHANICAL AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING.
In partial fulfilment for the award of the Diploma in Department of Mechanical Automobiile
Engineering and submitted to the Government Polytechnic College Neemrana work carried
out during a period of academic year 2020-21 as per curriculum.
Name of HOD :- Mr. Vinay Kumar Garg
Signature H.O.D
Name of Mentor :- Vinod Kumar
Signature Mentor
Name of principal :- Archana Mehra
Signature of principal
PREFACE
As the part of this project and in order to gain practical knowledge in this field of Engineering.
We are required to make a report on "Autocad". The basic objective behind doing this is project
report is to get knowledge tools of Engineering and facts and principle of that and learn how to
use them in daily life.
Doing this project helped as to enhance our knowledge regarding the work in team and how to
rectify the problem that comes during the work will undergo may work experiences related.
ABSTRACT
AutoCAD is the most widely used drawing tool among the similar design drawing products. In
the process of drawing different types of design drawings of the same product, there are a lot of
repetitive and single work contents. The traditional manual method uses a drawing software
AutoCAD drawing graphics with low efficiency, high error rate and high input cost
shortcomings and many more. In order to solve these problems, the design of the parametric
drawing system of the hot-rolled I-beam (steel beam) cross-section is completed by using the
VBA secondary development tool and the Access database software with large-capacity storage
data, and the analysis of the functional extension of the plane drawing and the parametric
drawing design in this paper. For the secondary development of AutoCAD functions, the system
drawing work will be simplified and work efficiency also has been greatly improved. This
introduction of parametric design of AutoCAD drawing system to promote the industrial mass
production and related industries economic growth rate similar to the standard I-beam hot-rolled.
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVATIONS
CONTENT
TITLE NAME PAGE NO.
COVER PAGE I
DECLARATION II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS III
CERTIFICATE IV
PREFACE V
ABSTRACT VI
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS VII
CONTENT VIII-X
LIST OF FIGURE XI
LIST OF TABLE XII
Chapter 1 1-2
overview
Need of Autocad
Chapter 2 Litreature Review
Litreature review
Chapter 3
Research and methodology
Chapter 4
Description of tools used in Autocad
Chapter 5
Construction
Chapter 6
Working of unit
Chapter 7
Maintaince
Chapter 8
Advantage and disadvantages
Chapter 9
Applications
Chapter 10
Material list
Chapter 11
Conclusion
OVERVIEW
AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software application.
Developed and marketed by Autodesk,[1] AutoCAD was first released in December 1982 as a
desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers.[2] Before AutoCAD
was introduced, most commercial CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or
minicomputers, with each CAD operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal.[3]
AutoCAD is also available as mobile and web apps.
AutoCAD
AutoCAD 2018 [Link]
AutoCAD 2016 [Link]
Developer(s)
Autodesk
Initial release
December 1982; 38 years ago
Stable release
2022 / March 24, 2021; 5 months ago
Operating system
Windows, mac OS, iOS, Android
Available in
14 languages
List of languages
English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional,
Japanese, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian
Type
Computer-aided design
License
Trialware
Website
[Link]/autocad
AutoCAD is used in industry, by architects, project managers, engineers, graphic designers, city
planners and other professionals. It was supported by 750 training centers worldwide in 1994.
Litreature Review
Automatic Computer Aided Design (AutoCAD 2D) engineering drawing is an important
component in BFPD courses. This software is commonly practiced by students for product
design process as part of the project development. However, there is a lack of quality in 2D
engineering drawing that affects the students’ prototype making process and project progression.
This paper intends to identify the problems that weakened the students' performances of the
AutoCAD 2D engineering drawings. Data were collected from the students’ examinations,
assignments and independent projects. Semi structured interviews were also conducted with the
students. The sample consisted of BFPD’s Year 2 and Year 3 students at the First City
University College. The findings indicated that the lacking of technical skills is the main
contribution of this study. Therefore, future research is needed to investigate the identified
problems further and recommendations are also made to improve the syllabus.
RESEARCH AND METHDOLOGY
DESCRIPTION OF VARIOUS AUTOCAD TOOLS
TOOLS NAME :-
1. Line
You can invoke the LINE command by choosing the LINE tool from tje Draw panel, or
you can also invoke the LINE tool by entering LINE or L at the command prompt.
You will have to specify the second point. You can terminate the LINE command by
pressing ENTER, ESC Or SPACEBAR.
2. Circle
A circle is drawn by using the circle by using six different tools,i.e., by specifying center
and radius, by spectfying center and diameter by spectfying center and diameter ends, by
spectfying three points on a circle tangent to three points.
3. Rectangle
You can draw rectangles by specifying two opposite corners of the rectangle, specifying the area
and the size of one of the sides, or specifying the rectangle’s dimensions.
4. Polyline
Polylines means many lines. To draw a polyline, you need to invoke the PLINE command. After
invoking the PLINE command and specifying the start point, the following prompt is displayed:
Popular Course in this category.
5. Trim
When creating a design, you may need to remove the unwanted and extending edge. In such
cases, you can use the Trim tool. On invoking the Trim tool, you will be prompted to select the
cutting edges. These edges can be lines, polylines, circles, arcs, ellipses, rays, splines, text,
blocks, xlines or even viewports. After the cutting edge/edges are selected, you must select each
object to be trimmed.
6. Extend
The Extend tool may be considered as the opposite of the Trim tool. You can extend lines,
polylines, rays, and arcs to meet the other objects using the Extend tool. You can use this option
whenever you want to extend the objects that do not actually intersect the boundary edge but
would intersect its edge if the boundary edges were extended
7. Copy
This tool is used to make the copies of the selected objects and place them at the specified
location. On invoking this tool, you need to select the objects and then specify the base point.
Next, you need to specify the second point where the copied objects have to be placed. You can
continue specifying the second point for creating multiple copies of the selected entities.
8. Mirror
This tool is used to create a mirror copy of the selected objects. The objects can be mirrored at
any angle. This tool is helpful in drawing symmetrical figures. On invoking this tool, you will be
prompted to select objects. On selecting objects to be mirrored, you will be prompted to enter the
first point of the mirror line and the second point of the mirror line. A mirror line is an imaginary
line about which the objects are mirrored.
[Link]
On invoking this tool, you will be prompted to select the objects and the base point about which
the selected objects will be rotated. By default, a positive angle results in counterclockwise
rotation, whereas a negative angle results in a clockwise rotation. The Rotate tool can also be
invoked from the shortcut menu by selecting an object and right-clicking in the drawing area,
and choosing Rotate from the shortcut menu.
10. Erase
Sometimes, you need to erase the unwanted objects from the objects drawn. To erase an object,
choose Erase tool from the Modify panel. To invoke the Modify toolbar, choose
View>Windows>Toolbars>AutoCAD>Modify from the ribbon. A small box, known as a pick
box, replaces the screen cursor on invoking the Erase tool. To erase the object, select it by using
the pick box; the selected object will be displayed in dashed lines, and the Select objects prompt
will be displayed again. You can either continue selecting the objects or press ENTER to
terminate the object selection process and erase the selected objects.
11. Offset
You can use the Offset tool to draw parallel lines, polylines, concentric circles, arcs, curves, etc.,
While offsetting an object, you need to specify the offset distance and the side to offset.
12. Move
The Move Tool is used to move one or more objects from their current location to a new location
without changing their size or orientation.
DESIGN OF SOFTWARE
Autodesk has a range of 2D and 3D construction software packages that are essential for modern
construction and civil engineering projects.
From basic 2D workflows using familiar AutoCAD software, to complex projects requiring full
Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodologies utilising Revit technology, Autodesk's
extensive construction software offerings are second to none.
Whilst companies can still subscribe to individual versions of Autodesk construction software for
example; AutoCAD, Revit, Civil 3D and Advance Steel to name a few, Autodesk's flagship
offering for Architects, Civil Engineering and Construction professionals is the Autodesk AEC
Collection.
Instead of single software packages, this AEC Industry Collection contains a range of tools that
are relevant throughout AEC, which come at a fraction of the cost of individual purchasing.
WORKING OF UNIT
AutoCAD LT offers full compatibility when working with AutoCAD drawings. However, you
should understand how AutoCAD LT handles AutoCAD-only features.
Note: This topic compares the full feature set of AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT in the Windows
environment. Currently, AutoCAD for the Mac also has feature set limitations, but the
compatibility of drawing files between all products is designed to avoid loss of any information.
WORK FOR FIELDS
toCAD, you can insert LispVariables fields, which are not available in AutoCAD LT. However,
the drawings created in AutoCAD that contain LispVariables can be opened without errors in
AutoCAD LT, and the cached value is displayed
WORKING WITH MULTIPLE USERS IN COORDINATE SYSTEMS
In AutoCAD, you can choose to use a different user coordinate system (UCS) in each
viewport in a single drawing file. In AutoCAD LT, you can use only one UCS in each
drawing file.
When you open an AutoCAD drawing file in AutoCAD LT, AutoCAD LT uses only the UCS
from the current viewport. If you edit the drawing in AutoCAD LT, and then save it and reopen
it in AutoCAD, you might notice some changes in the UCSs.
ADVANTAGES
In the last 25 years, AutoCAD has created many changes in field of building and manufacturing.
Some of advantages of AutoCAD are as follows :
Compatibility –
Standardization is one of beneficial advantage of using AutoCAD. It is used as standard for
Computer Aided Design, so that other packages of CAD emulates operations of AutoCAD and
ensure about compatibility of files across industrial boundaries.
2D and 3D –
It has ability to make a transition between 2D and 3D. Some versions has ability that they can
automatically generate print documentation which is typically based on virtual 3D models. As
we know that 3D modelling is easy difficult, but with help of 3d packages it becomes very easy
to create and modify.
Companionable with CAM –
CAD goes hand-in-hand with Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM). AutoCAD automatically
interact with matching CAM packages which further create machine tool program for operations
like drilling, turning and grinding.
Virtualization –
On large scale production like bridge or building design etc, virtualization is used. Virtualization
is ability to view and walk through project in a 3D view before start manufacturing process.
Time Saver –
To make any desired drawing it consumes much time but with invent of AutoCAD making
drawing is not time consuming task. Also we can generate as much copies of same drawing. The
same drawing can be used in other drawing which also helps in saving time.
Simulation –
It is also used to create simulations and wire-frame models, which help user to check
functionality of model without investing in prototype of the model.
Databases –
It is also help in creation of databases like PDM/PLM, once these database are get created with
help of CAD files these can be accessed through WAN.
Accuracy –
It can produce even large files with same ease and accuracy. Commands like Grid Snap, Zoom
and attach are used for accuracy in drawing.
DISADVANTAGES
Disadvantages of Auto-CAD :
As we know that AutoCAD is most famous computer Aided Design, it has many advantages nut
it has disadvantages too. It does not compare well to contemporary building information
modelling, three dimensional modeling and illustration software. Following are disadvantages of
AutoCAD :
Line –
As AutoCAD produces drawings with help of line and shape tools and curves, arcs and straight
lines helps in producing shapes. But AutoCAD is useless in editing line and location as freely as
in case of illustration programs. It create drawing with only help of lines it does not use
volumetric models as we use in Building Information Modelling (BIM). In case of 3D geometry
it uses limited effects.
Limited File Formats –
As it is leading CAD, it limits number of file formats it can import or export. This cause a
problem while using more powerful tools and exporting program to an AutoCAD format i.e
geometry, color and effects are almost lost.
Color, Fill and Texture –
For color, fill and texture in AutoCAD user uses line and hatch tools. But in AutoCAD there are
limited colors i.e only 256 and hatching provides only texture, we dis not obtain photo realistic
images as in illustration programs.
Non-Parametric –
To create 3D models, there are various tools and to edit models time various steps are to be
followed which consumes alot of time which is automatically edit in case of Building
Information Modelling (BIM).
APPLICATIONS
There is virtually no limit to the kinds of line drawings using AutoCAD. If a drawing can be
created by hand, it can be generated by AutoCAD. Here are a few of the applications of the
AutoCAD:
Architectural drawing of all kinds
Interior design and facility planning
Work-flow charts and organizational diagrams
Proposals and presentations
Graphs of all kinds
Drawings for electronic, chemical, civil, mechanical, automotive and aerospace engineering
applications
Topographic maps and nautical charts
Yacht design
Plots and other representations of mathematical and scientific functions
Theater set-lighting designs
Musical scores
Technical illustrations and assembly diagrams
Company logos
Greeting cards
Line drawings for the fine art
As you draw with AutoCAD, you are creating much more than drawing. You can place
associated objects on layers or group them, forming complex objects that you can manipulate as
a whole. AutoCAD remembers the locations, sizes, and colors of the objects you draw,
maintaining them in a database for subsequent retrieval, analysis, and manipulation.
There is virtually no limit to the kinds of line drawings using AutoCAD. If a drawing can be
created by hand, it can be generated by AutoCAD. Here are a few of the applications of the
AutoCAD:
Architectural drawing of all kinds
Interior design and facility planning
Work-flow charts and organizational diagrams
Proposals and presentations
Graphs of all kinds
Drawings for electronic, chemical, civil, mechanical, automotive and aerospace engineering
applications
Topographic maps and nautical charts
Yacht design
COMMAND LIST
CONCLUSION
