INTRODUCTION – Prof.
Aniruddha Chatterjee
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Development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.
the "environment" is where we all live; and
"development" is what we all do in
attempting to improve our lot within that
abode. The two are inseparable.
humans have pumped around 2,400bn tonnes of carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere since 1850, creating concentrations of the gas that
have not been seen on Earth in the last 2 million years.
19 of the 20 warmest years on record have been recorded since
2001, and the world is now about 1C above pre-industrial levels. The
Paris agreement set a target not to exceed 2C, with the ambition to
remain below 1.5C.
Only urgent reductions of fossil fuel emissions can hope to save us.
EVENT DATE EVENT DATE
Rachel Carson published ‘The Silent Spring’ 1962 The Antarctic ozone hole is discovered 1985
Kenneth Boulding published “The Economics of "Our Common Future," also known as the
1966 1987
the Coming Spaceship Earth,” Brundtland Report
Paul Ehrlich publishes the "Population Bomb 1968 Foundation of World Business Council for
1990
Sustainable Development
The First Earth Day is proclaimed in San Francisco 1970 United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED), also known as the Rio
United Nations’ Conference on The Human Earth Summit – Rio Declaration on Environment 1992
1972 and Development, Agenda 21, Convention on
Environment, Stockholm
Biological Diversity
The Club of Rome publishes "The Limits to
1972
Growth" Kyoto Protocol 1997
Chipko Movement is born in India 1973 Global Reporting Initiative – sustainability
1999
reporting guidelines
Definition of sustainable development through
1982 MDGs 2005
smaller sets – UN
Bhopal Gas Tragedy 1984 SDGs 2015
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The whole concept of global warming
revolves around the fact that the Earth is
getting warmer, and a significant part of this
rise in temperature is attributed to
anthropogenic causes, i.e. human-induced
causes.
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Term coined by John Elkington in 1994
“…captures the essence of sustainability by measuring the impact of
an organisation’s activities on the world…including both its
profitability and shareholder values and its social, human and
environmental capital.”
Finding common units of measurement
Measurement in monetary terms
Measurement in indexes
Measurement of each (3BL) as a separate entity
Currently – No universal standard
Needs to be customised based on geography, level of the entity, type
of project
Possible to use community based measurement means and subject
matter experts
Contribution to Profit
Reduction of costs in supply chain efficiency
Reduction of long-term costs in infrastructure
Risk Assessment
Per human capita income
Reduction in attrition costs
Increase in impact investment
Tax payments
Increase in skilling of employees
Reduction in attrition levels
Access to social security
Increase in quality of life
Employee goodwill
Increase in income of target communities
Increase in goodwill of supply chain
Increase in company brand image
Air and water quality
Costs of effluent management
Energy consumption
Management of waste
Fossil fuel consumption
Enhancement of reputation and brand
Securing a social license to operate
Attraction and retention of high caliber employees
Reduced risk profile
Identification of potential cost savings
Increased scope for innovation
Creation of a sound basis for stakeholder dialogue
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Do old things in new ways
Do new things in new ways
Transform core business
New business model creation and differentiation.
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Leadership
Methods for assessing value
Strategy development
Management integration
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Polluter pays principle
Externalities occur when one person's actions
affect another person's well-being and the
relevant costs and benefits are not reflected
in market prices.
Eco-efficiency= economic value creation/
environmental impact added
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No matter how generously the resources
are used and technology is improved.
There is only 1 outcome:
“Industrialization can only go so far -
sooner or later , it overshoots the earths
capacity.”
Interface is one of the largest makers and
sellers of carpets in the world. Interface
developed modular carpet tiles, which allow
customers to replace only the worn sections
while keeping the rest of the carpet in use
longer.
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India’s position is that it has among the lowest per capita
emissions, is not responsible for the climate crisis, which the
science establishes is due to historical emissions by
developed countries and cannot compromise on ensuring
economic growth of its vast citizenry.
Delivering the $100 billion a year is a matter of trust.
Germany and Canada will be setting out a delivery plan until
2025 and have it in place before COP 26. For the years
beyond 2025, that will certainly require trillions of dollars,
much is expected to come from the private sector
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How Nature Works How We Work
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construction industry currently discards 20% of everything it
uses (the [Link])
European Union produces more than 2.5 billion tonnes of waste
every year
Of the 62 million tonnes of garbage generated in India annually,
45 million tonnes go untreated. ([Link])
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valuable materials buried.
wasteful
additional negative environmental effects (such as methane emissions
generated from organic waste rotting in landfill).
more raw materials have to be extracted
more energy and water use to make new products.
increased pollution
loss of ecosystems
encourages a culture of consumption
we are running out of landfills
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The circular economy looks at all the options across
the chain to use as few resources as possible in the
first place, keep resources in circulation for as long as
possible, extract the maximum value from them while
in use, then recover and regenerate products at the
end of service life.
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Linear Circular
economy economy
process take-make-dispose reduce-reuse-recycle
short-term focus, from
long term focus, across
span of process buying raw material to
multiple life cycles
sales of product
focus product service
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Practice closed-loop
recycling
Rent instead of sell
Widen and lengthen the
use of products
Caterpillar’s remanufacturing arm, Cat Reman
Jaguar Land Rover is using 50% recycled
aluminium
Xerox printer system
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“cradle-to-cradle” vs “cradle-to-grave”
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BMC covers four main aspects of business –
Customers
Offer
Infrastructure
Financial Viability
BMC is a strategic management template/
tool for lean management
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Includes the following –
Current and future economic and legal challenges such as
compliances and its impact on product design, cost
structures and revenue
Current and future environmental challenges including
availability of basic resources and costs for the same
Current and future social challenges impacting labour force
and customer requirements
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Joyce, A., Paquin, R.L., The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models, Journal of Cleaner Production (2016),
[Link]
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Joyce, A., Paquin, R.L., The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models, Journal of Cleaner Production (2016),
[Link]
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Joyce, A., Paquin, R.L., The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models, Journal of Cleaner Production (2016),
[Link]
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Joyce, A., Paquin, R.L., The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models, Journal of Cleaner Production (2016),
[Link]
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STAGE 1: Viewing Compliance as Opportunity
STAGE 2: Making Value Chains Sustainable
STAGE 3: Designing Sustainable Products and Services
STAGE 4: Developing New Business Models
STAGE 5: Creating Next- Practice Platforms
Nidumolu, R., Prahalad, C. K., & Rangaswami, M. R. (2009). Why sustainability is now the key driver of innovation. Harvard Business Review, 87(9), 56-64. 47
Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser (2020) - "CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions". Published online at
[Link]. Retrieved from: '[Link]
emissions' [Online Resource]
[Link]
economy/20151201STO05603/circular-economy-definition-importance-and-benefits
[Link]
chains/from-linear-to-circular-accelerating-a-proven-concept/
[Link]
opportunity-for-india/[Link]
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