[Link].

org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ), Special Issue Page 276-279, 2020 ISSN 2395-1621

REVIEW ON STRUCTURAL
ISSN 2395-1621
HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM
FOR BRIDGES
Jaydeep Joshi, Omkar Joshi, S. V. Kulkarni

Dept. of Instrumentation Engineering

AISSMS, IOIT, Pune, Maharashtra, India

ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO

Transportation is an important aspect of human life and bridge plays an important Article History
role in transportation, there are several bridges which used for transportation over
Received: 8th March 2020
the rivers in India and some of the bridges are located in remote locations, so the
construction of these bridges should be very strong and they should monitor Received in revised form :
continuously over some defined period of time to ensure the bridge condition. Bridge
8th March 2020
faces structural deficiency because of overloading, ageing, bending and improper
maintenance. There are more than 89000 bridges in world, few of them are managed Accepted: 10th March 2020
by regional management, few of them are managed by national by the management
team. Many of them are located in remote areas where it is difficult to manage them. Published online :
Therefore, random inspection after every few years it’s difficult to get the bridge 11th March 2020
condition in the required period time. In order to overcome this problem, we need a
system which continuously monitors the bridge condition and provides the proper
alert to the operator at correct time.

Keywords— Bridge, Transportation, Construction, Overloading.

continuously monitors the structural condition and its

I. INTRODUCTION
environment.
Structural health monitoring is a non-destructive technique
to monitor the strength of concrete structures such as
bridges. Bridge faces structural decay due to overloading,
ageing, bending and improper maintenance. Structural
health monitoring is a system to be implemented in old
buildings, bridges etc., to ensure the safety of citizens. The
researchers from various fields took different approaches
for monitoring system. In this field major part of work is
done by engineers from civil and mechanical field. In this,
the approach was to develop a technique to gather a
structural data from various sensors and display it on
remote devices.

Internet of Things is a network of sensors and devices

communicating among various controlling and monitoring
devices using internet. The idea behind using IOT for
structural health monitoring is to provide a remote
monitoring of durability of bridge. The system contains
monitoring devices installed on bridge, communicating
system establishing communication between sensors and
Fig (1): Architecture of IOT based bridge health
web space/cloud based storage which continuously stores
monitoring system.
the structural condition of bridge. This system

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 [Link] International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ), Special Issue Page 276-279, 2020 ISSN 2395-1621

II. RELATED WORK

Pooja Patil [Link] [1]: Explained wireless sensor network

system for bridge. The system is designed for high
transmission speed and to transfer the large amount of data.
This system is combined of two sensor nodes which
collects the structural data of bridges and transmits it to
central station via radio channel.

Fig (4): Block diagram of pulse-echo damage detection [2]

Fig.(3) shows the proposed concept and Fig.(4) overall

Fig (2): Block diagram of wireless sensor system for shows pulse-echo system. The exciter-receiver modules
bridges [1] data is transferred to Analog to Digital converter, after the
conversion the digital data is sent to the raspberry pi
Fig.(2) shows the block diagram of WSN system. First module. This signal is processed under the peak detection
sensor node uses ultrasonic level sensor for level sensing algorithm to detect the peaks and their occurrence time.
the level of water. Second node has accelerometer for tilt These peaks are occurred due to the damage. This data is
angle sensing of bridge pillar. After the data collection is then transferred to internet for the monitoring from remote
completed, base station transmits the data to PC. The location.
collected data is then uploaded to website which can be Himalay B. Sawant [Link] [3]: An Microcontroller based
accessed by using android application. system is explained which comprised of vibration sensor,
scour sensor and GSM module. Vibration sensor collects
Md Anam Mahmud [Link] [2]: This paper explained the data of excess vibration which can leads to cracks in
pulse-echo system using piezoelectric exciter and receiver structure of bridge. Scour of soil around bridge pillar
module. This method can used to identify the damage occurs when there is flooding or heavy flow of water. This
location and size of damage on the metal bstructured causes instability of bridge structure. In this paper, various
bridges. This system uses two piezoelectric sensors one is methods are suggested for sensing the intensity of scouring
exciter (PZT1) and other is receiver (PZT2). of soil. The data collected by sensors is processed by
The pulse-echo system is established using piezo sensor as microcontroller. If any sensed parameter is exceeding the
a transmitter and receiver. The transmitter transmit the safety parameters then an alert is generated by controller.
signal through the metal sheet, this signal get delayed if This alert is transmitted to nearest Regional Transport
there is damage. The delayed signal is then used to detect Office (RTO), police stations. The alert message will also
the damage size and location. be displayed on the display located both sides of bridge.

Divya Muddala [Link] [4]: This project aims to detect the

vehicle load on the bridge, water level and pressure under
the bridge and deviation from line of sight. The sensors
involved are water sensor, IR sensor module and tilt sensor.
This is an microcontroller based system which uses Node-
MCU wi-fi module to get internet access.

Node-MCU establishes connection between server and

Fig (3): Proposed concept [2]
controller. If any sensed parameter exceeds the Threshold
value, an alert signal is broadcasted by the system to
nearby control station, police station and users.

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 [Link] International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ), Special Issue Page 276-279, 2020 ISSN 2395-1621

Athanassios Boulis [Link] [5]: In this paper it is explained health monitoring as it shows the changing of bridge
the monitoring system based on 3G modem. It consists of structure health. For processing vibration signals Fast
number of nodes identified as Gateways and sensors Fourier Transform , wavelet transform , Independent
connected to each other with USB cable. This USB cable component analysis is used . Band pass Filter is used here
provides power supply and communication between them. for signal filtering process.
The wireless sensor nodes (WSN) collects the structural
data from the bridge this data is again transmitted to Atharve kekare [Link] [9]: Objective of the given paper is to
gateways by control nodes. The data collected by sensor built the cost efficient system for continuously monitoring
nodes is strain, acceleration and temperature. This data of bridge. Proposed system is mainly based on
transferred to the offsite server which then runs tests and microcontroller “PIC16F877” and GSM module. Four
stores or visualizes collected data. sensors are used in given system and the system consist of
two sides namely transmitter and receiver [Link]
side consist of Rf module which is directly connected to
computer via USB connection.

Shachi P. [Link] [10] : This paper mainly focus on health

monitoring of Railway bridges. They are mainly using
three sensors for continuously monitoring I.e. flex sensor
for detecting bend in bridge, load cell is used to measure
the excessive load on the bridge and accelerometer is used
to measure the jerks in [Link] device used here
is raspberry pi placed at receiver side. Transmitter side
detect the error and send to the receiver side using Zigbee
transceiver module .alert massage is further generated
using GSM module.

III. CONCLUSION

There are various methods are used for bridge health

monitoring, various techniques can be implemented for
safety monitoring of bridge . These implementation
Fig (5): Simplified view of WSN testbed system [5] techniques are varies with respect with surrounding,
atmosphere, location of bridge, material used for bridge
manufacturing, usage of bridge depending upon above
Frank [Link] [Link] [6]: This system is basically based on parameters perfect implementation technique can be used
connection of wireless nodes from sensors to the which consist proper use of sensors and sensing techniques
centralized [Link] is using mesh network technology for for monitoring bridge health. At the last main purpose of
communication between sensors and centralized [Link] all the above papers is to monitor bridge health and
the data from the centralized server is accessed through provide alert massage for any disastrous situations.
bridge health monitoring software server.
IV .REFERENCES
Ittipong Khemapech [Link] [7]: Given approched system
using the real time structural health monitoring using
stream processing and artificial neural network techniques. [1] Pooja Krishnath Patil, [Link] “Review on
strain guage and accelerometer are the sensors used in Structural Health Monitoring System using WSN for
system they generally measure the Bending strain of the Bridges”ICFCA2017.
structure for measurement. JAVA messaging server is used [2] Md Anam Mahmud, Kyle Bates, Trent Wood, Ahmed
for real time data communication as it support streaming Abdelgawad, Kumar Yelamarthi “A Complete Internet of
data. Here data is forward between the system is using Things (IoT) Platform for Structural Health Monitoring
stream processing, it consist of Message orieanted (SHM)”
middleware which receives data from the sensors and send [3] Himalay B. Sawant 1, Shivdas H. Shinde 2, Dhiraj V.
to stream processing and compared to pattern by pattern Chandak3,Prof. Sujit P. Jagtap4, Prof. Amarsinh A.
analyzer. The o/p generated is displayed and warning is Ranaware “Bridge Health Monitoring System” ISSN:
given to users via web services. 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 6.887
Volume 6 Issue IV.
Jingqiu Huang [Link] [8]: Here the technique used for [4] Divya Muddala, Dhanashree Kamble, Pooja Nimbalkar,
monitoring of bridge health is based on vibration. As the Ravina Patil, Sathish K. Penchala “IoT based bridge
test is done on bridge called “NISHIKAWA KOUKA” monitoring system” ISSN: 2454- 132X Impact factor:
bridge whose body main structure is steel 4.295(Volume 5, Issue 2)Available online at:
[Link],vibration signals are very important in bridge [Link]

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 [Link] International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ), Special Issue Page 276-279, 2020 ISSN 2395-1621

[5] Athanassios Boulis, Rodney Berriman, Saeed Attar,

Yuri Tselishchev Networks Research Group, NICTA13
Garden St., Eveleigh, NSW 1430, Australia “A Wireless
Sensor Network Test-bed for Structural Health Monitoring
of Bridges”.
[6] Frank X. Li, Anwarul Islam*, Graciela C. Perera+
“Real-time Urban Bridge Health Monitoring Using a Fixed
Wireless Mesh Network”.
[7] Ittipong Khemapech, Watsawee Sansrimahachai, and
Manachai Toahchoodee School of Science and
Technology University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce
Bangkok, Thailan “A Real-time Health Monitoring and
Warning Systemfor Bridge Structures”.
[8] Jingqiu Huang11 The Graduate school of
Information,Production and Systems, Waseda University
“On Vibration Signal Analysis in Bridge
HealthMonitoring System by Using Independent
Component Analysis”. SICE Annual Conference 2010
[9] Atharva Kekare1, Pranit Huddedar2, Rohit Bagde
“BRIDGE HEALTH MONITORING” IOSR Journal of
Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-
JECEe-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: [Link] 9,
Issue 3, Ver. IV (May - Jun. 2014),PP 08-
[Link]
[10] Shachi P.1, Manjunatha S.2 “Automatic Bridge
Health Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensors”
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN
(Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2015):
78.96 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391

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