DESIGN OF AIR VESSEL

Basic Data
Discharge through pumping main = 1.944 m3/s

Material of Pipeline = Steel

Diameter of Pipeline = 1550 mm

Thickness of Pipe (Ct) = 10 mm

Static Head = 120 m

Length of Pumping Main = 18000 m

Frictional Losses = 15 m

Total Head i/c Friction = 135 m

Design Head of Pumps = 150 m

Atmospheric Head = 10.35 m

H0=Absolute Head = Total Head +Atmospheric Head = 145.35 m

V0 (Initial Velocity) = 1.03 m2/s

C (Water Hammer Wave Velocity) = 1425

(1+kd/ECt)^0.5

= 896.27 m/s

Water Hammer Head = CV0/g

= 94.1 m

Pipeline Parameter (Ꝭ) = CV0

2gH0

= 0.324

2Ꝭ = 0.65

Air Vessel Parameter = 2 C0C

Q0L

Referring Chart Kc as 0.5 for limiting upsurge to 1.2H0 and Downsurge to 0.5H0, Air Vessel
Parameter for 2Ꝭ is calculated as :

For 2Ꝭ =1, AVP (2C0C/Q0L) = 10.5

For 2Ꝭ =0.5, AVP (2C0C/Q0L) = 6.5

By interpolation, for 2Ꝭ=0.65 and Kc=0.5,

(2C0C/Q0L) = 7.7

Volume of Air (C0) = 149.920627 m3

Volume of Air Vessel = C0[H0/Hmin]^(1/1.2)

= 267.128188 m3

Increase the capacity by 20% for upsurge of 1.2H 0 = 320.55 m3

Time interval = 0.2 sec

V0 = 1.03 m/s

Water Column Seperation Length = 6.44 m

Volume of Water Required to fill this Seperation Length = 12.15 m3

SIZE OF VESSEL AND LEVELS OF WATER AND AIR IN THE AIRVESSEL CHAMBER

Air and Water Volume

Air Vessel Volume required = 320.55 m3

No. of Air Vessel considered = 2 nos.

Volume of each vessel = 160 m3

Considering air to water as 60:40

Volume of Air = 90 m3

Volume of Water = 70 m3
Determination of Size of Air Vessel

Absolute Head at the working head of pumps = 160.35 m

Maximum Upsurge permitted = 192.42 m

= 19.242 Kg/cm2

MS Plate Thickness i/c 3mm for corrosion = 25 mm

d = 259.307764 cm
Say = 260 cm

Volume of 2 hemispherical portions = 9.2 m3

Total volume of cylinder = 150.8 m3

Length of Vessel = 28.4 m

Provide 2 air vessel of 2.6m dia. and 28.45m long with hemispherical ends

Fixing of Levels of Water and Air in the Vessel

(By Trial by assuming a depth and calculating volume in cylindrical and spherical portions)

a) Normal Working Level

Volume of Air = 90 m3

Volume of Water = 70 m3

Normal Working Level is calculated by trial by assuming 1.15m depth from bottom.

Volume of water at 1.15m depth from bottom = 70.77 m3

Hence normal, working level from bottom of the vessel = 1.15 m

b) Upper Emergency Level

Assumig 10% air dissoves in water, therefore, the water level rise by 10% volume of air
Volume of Water = 79.00 m3

Equivalent depth from the bottom of the vessel = 1.3 m

b)Lower Emergency Level

Volume of Water Colum Seperation = 12.15 m3

Volume of water at 1m water depth from bottom = 61.54 m3

Volume of water available at normal working level = 70.77 m3

 Q 6036.45 m3/d
D 276.6 mm

k 2.07E+08
E 2.10E+10 MS
3.00E+08 HDPE

Eqn. 6.22 page 174

0.647403
0.323701

Eqn. 6.23 page 174

Look for
2Ꝭ
1
 0.5

0.5625
0.4375

180
150.8

150.8 5.309292
28.40304

1.15 OK
80 m3

1.3 OK

1
2.6 150.78 150.7839
1 57.99231
1.2 69.59077
1.3 75.39
1.3 75.39
1.3 75.39
1.3 75.39
1.3 75.39
1.3 75.39
1.3 75.39
 DESIGN OF AIR VESSEL
Basic Data
Discharge through pumping main = 0.06986667 m3/s

Material of Pipeline = HDPE

Diameter of Pipeline = 312.1 mm

Thickness of Pipe (Ct) = 21.45 mm

Static Head = 7.58 m

Length of Pumping Main = 3550 m

Frictional Losses = 12.63 m

Total Head i/c Friction = 20.21 m

Design Head of Pumps = 25 m

Atmospheric Head = 10.35 m

H0=Absolute Head = Total Head +Atmospheric Head = 30.56 m

V0 (Initial Velocity) = 0.91 m2/s

C (Water Hammer Wave Velocity) = 1425

(1+kd/ECt)^0.5

= 428.88 m/s

Water Hammer Head = CV0/g

= 39.78 m

Pipeline Parameter (Ꝭ) = CV0

2gH0

= 0.651

2Ꝭ = 1.30

Air Vessel Parameter = 2 C0C

Q0L

Referring Chart Kc as 0.5 for limiting upsurge to 1.2H0 and Downsurge to 0.5H0, Air Vessel
Parameter for 2Ꝭ is calculated as :
For 2Ꝭ =1, AVP (2C0C/Q0L) = 10.5

For 2Ꝭ =2, AVP (2C0C/Q0L) = 18

By interpolation, for 2Ꝭ=1.302 and Kc=0.5

(2C0C/Q0L) = 12.8

Volume of Air (C0) = 3.69 m3

Volume of Air Vessel = C0[H0/Hmin]^(1/1.2)

= 6.57 m3

Increase the capacity by 20% for upsurge of 1.2H 0 = 7.88 m3

Water Column Seperation Length = 4.06 m

Volume of Water Required to fill this Seperation Length = 0.31 m3

SIZE OF VESSEL AND LEVELS OF WATER AND AIR IN THE AIRVESSEL CHAMBER

Air and Water Volume

Air Vessel Volume required = 7.88 m3

No. of Air Vessel considered = 1 nos.

Volume of each vessel = 7.88 m3

Considering air to water as 60:40

Volume of Air = 4.428 m3

Volume of Water = 3.45 m3

Determination of Size of Air Vessel

Absolute Head at the working head of pumps = 35.35 m

Maximum Upsurge permitted = 200 m

 = 20 Kg/cm2

MS Plate Thickness i/c 3mm for corrosion = 18 mm

d = 170.10 cm
Say = 170 cm

Volume of 2 hemispherical portions = 2.58 m3

Total volume of cylinder = 5.3 m3

Length of Vessel = 2.34 m

Provide1 air vessel of 1.7 dia. and 2.34m long with hemispherical ends

Fixing of Levels of Water and Air in the Vessel

(By Trial by assuming a depth and calculating volume in cylindrical and spherical portions)

a) Normal Working Level

Volume of Air = 4.428 m3

Volume of Water = 3.452 m3

Normal Working Level is calculated by trial by assuming 1.15m depth from bottom.

Volume of water at 0.75m depth from bottom = 3.48 m3

Hence normal, working level from bottom of the vessel = 0.75 m

b) Upper Emergency Level

Assumig 10% air dissoves in water, therefore, the water level rise by 10% volume of air

Volume of Water = 3.89 m3

Equivalent depth from the bottom of the vessel = 0.9 m

b)Lower Emergency Level

Volume of Water Colum Seperation = 0.31 m3

Volume of water at 0.1m water depth from bottom = 0.46 m3

Volume of water available at normal working level = 3.48 m3

 INPUT VALUES
Q 6036.45 m3/d
4192 D 312.1 mm
L 3550 m
Hstatic 7.58 m
F 12.63 m
Hpump 25 m

k 2.07E+08
E 2.10E+10 MS
3.00E+08 HDPE

Eqn. 6.22 page 174

1.301702
0.650851

Eqn. 6.23 page 174

Look for
2Ꝭ
 1 1.2H0

0.5625
0.4375
 0.85

1.333333 7.89853184 10.53138

150.8

150.8 5.309292
28.40304

0.75 OK

4.17 m3

0.9 OK
0.1 OK
2.72 3.69 13.59701
1 1.356618
1.2 1.627941
1.3 1.763603
1.3 1.763603
1.3 1.763603
1.3 1.763603
1.3 1.763603
1.3 1.763603
1.3 1.763603
Do not dele CE
DI-K7 140 ### 1.7*10^8
DI-K9 140 ### 1.7*10^8
CI 100 ### 7.5*10^9
uPVC 145 ### 3*10^8
HDPE 145 ### 9*10^7
MS 110 ###
AC 140
OD ID Thk. Rate$/m
160 200 140.7 9.65 25
200 250 175.8 12.1 70 1.3571429
250 315 220 15 95 1.2631579
315 355 276.6 19.2 120 1.25
355 400 312.1 21.45 150 1.2
400 450 351.9 24.05 180 1.25
450 500 395.9 27.05 225
500 439.9 30.05 281.25
 DESIGN OF AIR VESSEL
Basic Data
Discharge through pumping main = 0.03493333 m3/s

Material of Pipeline = HDPE

Diameter of Pipeline = 312.1 mm

Thickness of Pipe (Ct) = 21.45 mm

Static Head = 7.58 m

Length of Pumping Main = 3550 m

Frictional Losses = 12.63 m

Total Head i/c Friction = 20.21 m

Design Head of Pumps = 22.8 m

Atmospheric Head = 10.35 m

H0=Absolute Head = Total Head +Atmospheric Head = 30.56 m

V0 (Initial Velocity) = 0.46 m2/s

C (Water Hammer Wave Velocity) = 1425

(1+kd/ECt)^0.5

= 242.73 m/s

Water Hammer Head = CV0/g

= 11.38 m

Pipeline Parameter (Ꝭ) = CV0

2gH0

= 0.186

2Ꝭ = 0.37

Air Vessel Parameter = 2 C0C

Q0L

Referring Chart Kc as 0.5 for limiting upsurge to 1.2H0 and Downsurge to 0.5H0, Air Vessel
Parameter for 2Ꝭ is calculated as :
For 2Ꝭ =1, AVP (2C0C/Q0L) = 10.5

For 2Ꝭ =2, AVP (2C0C/Q0L) = 18

By interpolation, for 2Ꝭ=0.372 and Kc=0.5

Suitable range of Air Vessel Parameter = 1.25 to 4
Air Vessel Parameter Adopted = 4
(2C0C/Q0L) = 4.0

Volume of Air (C0) = 4.5 m3

Volume of Air Vessel = C0[H0/Hmin]^(1/1.12)

= 8.36 m3

Increase the capacity by 20% for upsurge of 1.2H 0 = 10.03 m3

Time interval = 0.2 sec

Water Column Seperation Length = #NUM! m

Volume of Water Required to fill this Seperation Length = #NUM! m3

SIZE OF VESSEL AND LEVELS OF WATER AND AIR IN THE AIRVESSEL CHAMBER

Air and Water Volume

Air Vessel Volume required = 10.03 m3

No. of Air Vessel considered = 1 nos.

Volume of each vessel = 10.03 m3

Considering air to water as 60:40

Volume of Air = 5.52 m3

Volume of Water = 4.52 m3

Determination of Size of Air Vessel
Absolute Head at the working head of pumps = 33.15 m
Assumed = 100 m
Maximum Upsurge permitted = 120 m
= 12 Kg/cm2

MS Plate Thickness i/c 3mm for corrosion = 10 mm

d = 132.30 cm
Say = 132 cm

Volume of 2 hemispherical portions = 1.2 m3

Total volume of cylinder = 10.03 m3

Length of Vessel = 7.33 m

Fixing of Levels of Water and Air in the Vessel

(By Trial by assuming a depth and calculating volume in cylindrical and spherical portions)

a) Normal Working Level

Volume of Air = 5.52 m3

Volume of Water = 4.52 m3

Normal Working Level is calculated by trial by assuming 1.15m depth from bottom.

Volume of water at 0.6m depth from bottom = 4.56 m3

Hence normal, working level from bottom of the vessel = 0.6 m

b) Upper Emergency Level

Assumig 10% air dissoves in water, therefore, the water level rise by 10% volume of air

Volume of Water = 5.07 m3

Equivalent depth from the bottom of the vessel = 0.7 m

b)Lower Emergency Level

Volume of Water Colum Seperation = #NUM! m3

Volume of water at 0.5m water depth from bottom = 3.8 m3

Volume of water available at normal working level = 4.56 m3

 INPUT VALUES
Q 6036.45 m3/d
2096 D 276.6 mm
L 3550 m
Hstatic 7.58 m
F 12.63 m
Hpump 25 m

kd 64604700
Ect. 1930500
kd/ect 33.465268
1+ 5.8707127
242.73032

k 2.07E+08
E 2.10E+10 MS
3.00E+08 HDPE
1267.70 90000000

Eqn. 6.22 page 174

0.372382

Eqn. 6.23 page 174

Look for
2Ꝭ
 1 1.2H0

SAP IISc

0.53827751196

0.5625
0.4375
 -7.58

150.8

150.8 5.309292
28.40304

0.6 OK

5.32 m3

0.7 OK
0.5
2.6 150.78 38.91711
1 57.99231
1.2 69.59077
1.3 75.39
1.3 75.39
1.3 75.39
1.3 75.39
1.3 75.39
1.3 75.39
1.3 75.39
Do not dele CE
DI-K7 140 ### 1.7*10^8
DI-K9 140 ### 1.7*10^8
CI 100 ### 7.5*10^9
uPVC 145 ### 3*10^8
HDPE 145 ### 9*10^7
MS 110 ###
AC 140
OD ID Thk. Rate$/m
160 200 140.7 9.65 25
200 250 175.8 12.1 70 1.3571429
250 315 220 15 95 1.2631579
315 355 276.6 19.2 120 1.25
355 400 312.1 21.45 150 1.2
400 450 351.9 24.05 180 1.25
450 500 395.9 27.05 225
500 439.9 30.05 281.25