DHCP protokolas:
paskirtis ir
konfigūravimas
Brief Review of DHCP
Purpose of DHCP in a network…
Static vs. Dynamic
DHCP servers and options
DHCP operation
Example of router IOS DHCP configuration with multiple pools
Useful DHCP related IOS show commands
DHCP issues and troubleshooting tips
Manual vs Dynamic Addressing
Manual Addressing (static):
Static IP Addresses are typically assigned to routers, servers, and network
printers.
Enables remote administration.
Dynamic Address (using DHCP):
Automates assignment of IP address configuration.
Dynamic IP addresses are typically assigned to PC’s, laptops, and other
mobile devices.
Facilitates movement of portable devices on the network.
Reduces administrative burden on network staff and virtually eliminates
entry errors.
DHCP can be used to allocate IPv4 as well as IPv6 addresses.
Manual vs. Dynamic Addressing
DHCP Options & Servers
A DHCP server typically provides DHCP clients with:
IP Address; Subnet Mask; Default Gateway; DNS server(s); & Lease Time.
Benefits of a Network Server providing DHCP:
More scalable than other solutions.
Offloads DHCP function from network devices.
Relatively easy to manage.
Benefits of a Router providing DHCP:
Simple solution for small branch office or wireless home network.
Less costly because a dedicated DHCP server is not required.
Cisco IOS provides a DHCP server in routers and multilayer switches.
DHCP Server Types & Locations
DHCP Operation
Client broadcasts a Discovery message.
Server responds with a potential IP address offer.
Client sends request to use the suggested address.
Server responds with an acknowledgment.
IOS DHCP Example: Multi-pool Topology
IOS DHCP Example: Multi-pool Config
R1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address [Link] [Link]
R1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address [Link]
R1(dhcp-config)# ip dhcp pool LAN-POOL-1
R1(dhcp-config)# network [Link] [Link]
R1(dhcp-config)# default-router [Link]
R1(dhcp-config)# domain-name [Link]
R1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address [Link] [Link]
R1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address [Link]
R1(dhcp-config)# ip dhcp pool LAN-POOL-2
R1(dhcp-config)# network [Link] [Link]
R1(dhcp-config)# default-router [Link]
R1(dhcp-config)# domain-name [Link]
Useful DHCP IOS show Commands
Useful DHCP IOS show Commands
DHCP Troubleshooting Process
Task 1: Resolve IP address conflicts.
R2# show ip dhcp conflict
IP address Detection Method Detection time
[Link] Ping Feb 16 2011 12:28 PM
[Link] Gratuitous ARP Feb 23 2011 08:12 AM
Task 2: Verify physical connectivity.
R2# show interface type/number
Task 3: Configure client with static address and test connectivity.
Task 4: Verify Switch Port Configuration (STP Portfast & Other Commands)
DHCP Troubleshooting Process
Task 5: Verify DHCP server information with client/server on the same
subnet. Issues can include:
Incorrect information being provided by the DHCP server.
Service not enabled on DHCP server.
Client not set up as DHCP client.
Rogue DHCP server in the subnet.
Task 6: Verify DHCP communication between client/server on different
subnets. Issues can include:
DHCP relay issues.
IP helper address missing or incorrectly configured.