TRM-700 Series

Radio Modems

Version: 01/2002

Claudiastr. 5
51149 Cologne
Germany
Funk-Electronic Piciorgros GmbH TRM-700H

1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 4
1.1 OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 4
1.2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS .................................................................................. 4
1.3 DISCLAIMER ................................................................................................. 4
2 SOFTWARE VERSION................................................................................... 5

3 TRM-700: GENERAL DESCRIPTION ......................................................... 6

3.1 FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES .......................................................................... 6
3.2 OPERATING MODES EXPLAINED ................................................................... 7
3.2.1 TRM-700H/M (ZZ-Mode) Network ......................................................... 7
3.2.2 TRM-700H/M (ZZT-Mode) Radio Network ............................................ 7
3.2.3 TRM-700H/U (T1X Mode) Peer-to-Peer Network.................................. 8
3.2.4 Selection of Radio Modems for Different Frequency Bands................... 8
3.3 MECHANICAL DETAILS ................................................................................. 9
3.4 LED FUNCTIONS .......................................................................................... 9
3.5 POWER SUPPLY........................................................................................... 10
3.6 V24 / RS-232 INTERFACE .......................................................................... 10
3.7 SERIAL DATA COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS (LAYER 1) ........................... 11
3.7.1 3964R Protocol...................................................................................... 12
3.7.2 ASCII Protocol ...................................................................................... 16
3.7.3 Timeout Protocol ................................................................................... 19
3.8 BASIC RULES OF OPERATION ...................................................................... 20
4 TRM-700H/M MASTER STATION MODEM............................................ 22
4.1 ZZ OPERATING MODE ................................................................................ 22
4.1.1 TRM-700 (ZZ Mode): Communication Control (Logical Level) .......... 22
4.1.2 TRM-700 (ZZ Mode): Power-Up Message ........................................... 23
4.1.3 Interrogation of Version and Unit Numbers ......................................... 23
4.1.4 TRM-700H/M (ZZ Mode) RF Field Strength Measurement ................. 23
4.2 REGISTERS STRUCTURE: TRM-700M (ZZ)................................................ 24
4.2.1 TRM-700H Registers............................................................................. 25
4.2.2 Description of Register Functions......................................................... 26
4.2.3 The MoP Protocol ................................................................................. 27
4.3 ZZT OPERATING MODE ............................................................................. 29
4.3.1 ZZT Mode Communication Without Time-Slot Limitations.................. 30
4.3.2 Radio Repeater Stations ........................................................................ 30
5 TRM-700H/U SLAVE STATION.................................................................. 31
5.1 S1U MODE OPERATION.............................................................................. 31
5.1.1 (Missing)................................................................................................ 31
5.1.2 Radio Message Frame Structure........................................................... 31
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[Link] Message Frame Transmitted By Master To Slave Stations .......... 31

[Link] Acknowledgement From Slave To Master Station ....................... 32
[Link] Function Codes For The TRM-700/S1U....................................... 33
[Link] Address Block (With Repeater Stations) ...................................... 34
[Link] Timeout Byte T: Master To Slave Station .................................... 35
[Link] Record Counter RZ: Slave To Master Station .............................. 35
5.1.3 Description Of The Function Codes...................................................... 36
[Link] Data Transmitted To A TRM-700/S1U (F = 31h) ........................ 36
[Link] Data Read From The TRM-700/S1U (F = 32h)............................ 37
[Link] Request For Repeat Of Last Data Block (F = 33h)....................... 38
5.1.4 Example ................................................................................................. 39
[Link] Data Transfer: Host System To Master Station Modem............... 39
[Link] TRM-700/S1U: Send Data To Terminal Equipment .................... 39
[Link] TRM-700/S1U: Request Data From Terminal Equipment ........... 40
[Link] TRM-700/S1U: Receive Data From Terminal Equipment ........... 40
[Link] Master Station Modem: Send Data To Host System .................... 41
[Link] Simplification ................................................................................ 41
5.1.5 Summary ................................................................................................ 42
[Link] Transmission Of Data To The TRM-700/S1U ............................. 42
[Link] TRM-700/S1U: Forward Received Data To Master Station ........ 42
[Link] Repeat Transmission Of The Last Data Block.............................. 43
5.2 S2U MODE OPERATION.............................................................................. 44
5.3 T1X MODE OPERATION ............................................................................. 45
6 SET-UP AND CONNECTIONS .................................................................... 46
6.1 DIP SWITCH SETTINGS ............................................................................... 46
6.2 ENTERING THE PROGRAMMING MODE ....................................................... 51
6.3 SETTING RF POWER OUTPUT ..................................................................... 51
6.4 SETTING SERIAL DATA INTERFACE PARAMETERS ...................................... 53
6.5 OPERATING MODE AND LAYER 1 PROTOCOL SELECTION .......................... 54
6.6 STATION ADDRESS ..................................................................................... 55
6.7 EXITING THE PROGRAMMING MODE .......................................................... 56
6.8 TRM-700 SERIAL INTERFACE CONNECTOR: PIN-OUTS ............................. 56
6.9 PC SERIAL INTERFACE CONNECTORS: PIN-OUTS ....................................... 57
6.10 POWER SUPPLY CONNECTOR: PIN-OUTS .................................................... 57
7 SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................................... 58

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Funk-Electronic Piciorgros GmbH TRM-700H

1 Introduction

1.1 Overview

This document contains information about installation, settings, and operation of the
Model TRM-700 Radio I/O Module. Additional information is also available over
the Internet, at the website [Link] in the FAQ pages. This includes
practical guidance relating to antenna selection and installation, operating range,
extension modules, software support, etc.

1.2 Safety Precautions

This equipment transmits radio waves in the frequency range 400 to 470 MHz.
Under certain circumstances, these radio waves could be harmful to any living being
or electronic equipment near it. Installation and commissioning of radio equipment
and antennas should be done only by trained persons.

This radio equipment should not be used in life support systems or in safety systems
without our prior written permission.

1.3 Disclaimer

We have carefully checked the contents of this document, and the hardware and
software described in it, for accuracy, completeness, and compatibility. We cannot
however exclude possibilities of discrepancies and cannot guarantee complete
conformity of the document with the equipment it describes. If any corrections or
improvements are to be made, they will be taken into consideration in the next
edition of this document.

Important instructions are marked by the expression “Caution!” These should be

carefully observed. Explanations regarding these precautions can be found in the
website [Link], in the FAQ pages.

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2 Software Version
The firmware version and document edition valid for the specific product supplied
with this document are:

Firmware Document Comments / Changes

Version Version
3.00 3.00 First delivered version
3.02 3.02 TRM-700H/M made backward-compatible ("*Z1"
output implemented in place of "*Zs1)
3.03 T1X functionality implemented in the TRM-700H/U
3.10 S1U functionality implemented in the TRM-700H/U
3.2 3.2 Features of models TRM-700H/ZZ and -/ZZT combined
in the model TRM-700H/M. Either mode selectable via
DIP switches.
Features of models TRM-700H/S1U and -/S2U
combined in the model TRM-700H/U. Either mode
selectable via DIP switches.
Address setting moved to programming level 4.
Backward compatibility for the "ZZ" mode now
incorporated.
Radio channel now selectable (main programming
level).
3.31 3.31 New Layer 1 protocol implemented: timeout with RTS
control.
New " * " command implemented in model TRM-
700H/M, for "ZZ" mode operation: request the field
strength of the last received data block (* F).
3.60 3.60 Framing or parity error at the interface leads to rejection
of the data block, and protocol-dependent negative
acknowledgement (NAK) response.

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3 TRM-700: General Description

3.1 Functions and Features

The TRM-700 is an industrial grade radio modem, which includes a serial data
interface and radio transmitter/receiver. The unit can be set up to operate at any
selected frequency in its specified band, in any of several selectable operating
modes, using any one of several serial data communication protocols.

The unit is available in two versions:

The Model TRM-700H/M functions as a master station in a point-to-point link or

a multi-slave radio network. In either case, communication is between the master
and slave station/s: communication between slave stations is not possible. At least
one master station must exist in a private radio network operating in the time-slot
mode, a network with distinctive slave station addressing, or in a network involving
one or more radio repeater stations.

A Model TRM-700H/U operating in “S1U” or S2U” mode can function only as a

slave station and can communicate only with a master station. TRM-700H/U Slave
Modems can also be set up to operate in the “T1X” mode in a peer-to-peer radio
network, where there is no dedicated master station. In the “T1X” mode, each slave
station transmits message frames, which are received by all the other T1X slave
stations in the network. This operating mode does not support either radio repeater
stations or the time-slot mode of operation.

The configuration of these radio modems as master or slave units is done at the
factory, before delivery, and cannot be changed thereafter. On the other hand,
operating modes and communication protocols of TRM-700H/M and TRM-700H/U
modems can be selected by the users.

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3.2 Operating Modes Explained

3.2.1 TRM-700H/M (ZZ-Mode) Network

A TRM-700H/M modem set up to operate in the “ZZ” mode actively addresses all
slave stations in the network. In this case, the network is referred to a ZZ-mode
network. In such a network, any of the slave TRM-700H/U modems can operate as
repeater stations, for communicating with further slave stations.

The following radio modules are suitable for use as slave stations in ZZ-mode
networks:
TRM-700H/U in the S1U operating mode
RTU-700H
FMC-V24/DA1, -DA2, and –DA4

In the ZZ mode, a TRM-700H/M can be interrogated directly for status and

configuration information.

3.2.2 TRM-700H/M (ZZT-Mode) Radio Network

A radio network with a TRM-700H/M master station modem operating in the “ZZT”
mode (referred to as a ZZT-mode network) is a protocol-transparent network, in
which all slave stations are radio modems with serial data ports. In a ZZT network, a
slave station operating in the S2U mode passes the complete message frames
unaltered, as received from the master station to the serial data port. Therefore, in
this mode, almost any industry-standard serial data communication protocol can be
handled by the network: e.g. 3964R, MODBUS, MODBUS-IF, ASCII, etc.

The following radio module is suitable for use as slave stations in ZZT-mode
networks:
TRM-700H/U in the S2U operating mode.

Additionally, the model RAR-700H can be used as a radio repeater station in a ZZT-
mode network.

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3.2.3 TRM-700H/U (T1X Mode) Peer-to-Peer Network

With TRM-700H/U stations operating in this mode, there is no dedicated master
station. Message frames transmitted by any T1X station are received by all the other
stations on the same network. A TRM-700H/U operating in this mode does not have
an adjustable address. Instead, the operating frequency can be set through the DIP
switches, within specific frequency bands.

3.2.4 Selection of Radio Modems for Different Frequency Bands

Frequency Band Master Station Slave Station Comments

Radio TRM-700H/M TRM-700H/U Partially co-
communication (ZZ mode) (S1U) coordinated
bands (without DCF) RTU-700 frequencies; no
(except in V24/DA1, -DA2, time-slot
Germany) -DA4 restrictions
TRM-700H/M TRM-700H/U
(ZZT mode) (S2U)
(without DCF)

Peer-to-peer (no TRM-700H/U

master station) (T1X)
ISM band TRM-700H/M TRM-700H/U No restrictions for
(433-434 MHz) (ZZ mode) (S1U) use: operating
(without DCF) RTU-700 licenses and
V24/DA1, -DA2, payment of fees
-DA4 not required;
TRM-700H/M TRM-700H/U interference not
(ZZT mode) (S2U) preventable.
(without DCF) RF power output
limit 10 mW (in
Peer-to-peer (no TRM-700H/U most countries) or
master station) (T1X) 500 mW (in a few
countries)

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3.3 Mechanical Details

The housing of a TRM-700 modem is compatible for direct DIN rail mounting. A 9-
pin D-type connector is provided for the serial data interface, for connection to a
computer or PLC. Power supply to the modem (12 to 24 VDC) is connected
through a plug-in type screw-terminal block.

The operational status of the modem is indicated by a set of LED lamps located on
its front face.

3.4 LED Functions

LED Designation Function

System Pwr Indicates that the power supply input is on
System OK Indicates that modem is in operating condition; also
indicates fault conditions
Radio Tx Lights up while radio transmission is active
Radio Rx Lights up while the radio channel is busy (i.e., another
station in the network is transmitting)
RF Indicates the field strength of the received radio signal

The "System OK" LED is continuously lit while the modem is in proper operating
condition. If a fault condition occurs, this LED identifies it by coded blinking.

"System OK" LED Fault condition

blinking codes
LED continuously off Internal fault of the modem (microcontroller
subsystem fault); or modem otherwise not in ready
condition
LED continuously on Modem in operating state; no fault existing
Slow blinking: equal on The modem is in programming mode
and off periods
Fast blinking: equal on Last settings entered while in programming mode
and off periods have been accepted
2 blinks followed by a The modem has an invalid address. Addresses must
pause be within the following ranges: slave stations = 1-
239; master stations = 0-14
4 blinks followed by a Internal fault of the modem (radio fault)
pause
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3.5 Power Supply

The supply voltage is connected via a 3-pole plug-in screw terminal block. The
polarity is as follows (front panel of the TRM-700 viewed head-on, with the screw
terminal block above):

Outside (left): Earth

Center: +12 to +24 VDC
Right: 0 VDC

3.6 V24 / RS-232 Interface

Four serial data interface lines are provided, of which three are normally used:

Data transmit TxD TRM-700 → PC

Data receive RxD TRM-700 ← PC
Clear to send CTS TRM-700 → PC
Request to send RTS TRM-700 ← PC

TxD is the "data transmit" line of the TRM-700.

RxD is the "data receive" line.
CTS is an outgoing control signal of the TRM-700, and indicates to the
connected equipment (computer, PLC, etc.) that the radio modem is ready to
receive data.
RTS is a handshake input signal to the TRM-700. The "RTS timeout" operating
mode is implemented by using this signal. Note: in other operating modes,
this signal line is ignored.

Serial data interface parameters:

The serial data interface parameters are user-configurable. The data rate is selectable
from 2400 to 19200 bps. Data word length can be either 7 or 8 bits, with odd, even,
or no parity. Factory settings are 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, and one stop bit.

If a framing or parity error is detected in the data that is received through the serial
port, the entire data block is rejected. When this happens under either the ASCII or
3964R protocol, the connected terminal device receives a negative
acknowledgement (NAK) response. Note: the RS-485 interface (available as an
extra-cost option), does not use CTS and RTS lines.

The length of a transmitted data block can be up to 512 bytes.

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3.7 Serial Data Communication Protocols (Layer 1)

The following protocols are supported for communication between a TRM-700

modem and terminal equipment (PLC or PC) connected via its serial interface:
• 3964R (Siemens)
• ASCII
• Timeout (protocol-transparent)

The Layer 1 Protocol is independent of the connected terminal device and operating
mode. The Layer 1 protocol does not describe the user data content of the
exchanged message frames, but only the physical connection through which this
user data is sent and received. Message frame headers and error control bits are
added to the user data blocks, when transmitted over the radio channel.

The Layer 1 protocol of each TRM-700 modem can be set up independently of the
other stations in the same radio network. It is therefore possible to link up terminal
equipment which use different protocols in a single TRM-700 radio network. For
example, the master station modem may be connected to a PC which uses the
timeout protocol, while a slave station modem on the same radio network can be
connected to a PLC which uses the 3964R protocol.

Details of the relevant Layer 1 protocols are given in the sections that follow.

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3.7.1 3964R Protocol

Serial data interface parameters:
Bit rate: 2400 to 19200 bps
Word length: 7 or 8 bits
Start bit: 1 bit
Stop bit: 1 bit
Parity: None, odd, or even
Character timeout: 220 ms (factory setting)
Acknowledgement timeout: 1000 ms (factory setting)

Data block structure:

Data can be transmitted in either direction between a TRM-700 and a connected
computer or PLC. Either side can initiate data exchange. In the following
description, the side that initiates a data exchange is referred to as the sender, while
the other is referred to as the receiver.

If the connected computer or PLC has an adjustable communication priority setting,

it should be set to a low priority.

Data communication is initiated when the sender transmits the code "STX". The
receiver acknowledges this with the response code "DLE". Following this, the user
data block is transmitted, and concluded with the sequence "DLE-ETX-BCC". The
receiver acknowledges receipt of the data block by returning the code "DLE". If the
character 10h (which represents the control character “DLE”) should occur within a
user data block, it is doubled and transmitted as 10h-10h.

If several characters are transmitted, they cannot have intervening time intervals of
more than 220 ms (the character timeout limit): if a longer character interval occurs,
the receiver will transmit an NAK character, which results in the data transmission
in progress being aborted.

The delay between a request to send (STX), or the end of the data block (DLE-ETX-
BCC), and the DLE response should not be more than the specified
acknowledgement timeout limit of 1000 ms. If the delay exceeds this timeout limit,
the receiver sends an NAK character, and the transmission in progress is aborted.

If a computer / PLC rejects a data block sent by the TRM-700, then the latter makes
2 further attempts to send the data block, if data was received from a slave station. In
the ZZ mode of operation, control data segments beginning with " * " are not
transmitted again.

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User data:
After communication is established, the user data is transmitted transparently, as 8-
bit characters in the range 00h through FFh. An exception is made when the
character 10h is encountered. Since this value represents the control character
"DLE", this byte is transmitted twice (referred to as "DLE doubling"). Therefore, if
the value 10h occurs in the user data stream, it must be transmitted as 10h -10h.
When DLE doubling occurs, both bytes are counted in the block check character
(BCC) computation.

Start character:
The character STX (02h) is used as the "start" character. To confirm the
establishment of communication, the other must respond with a DLE character.

End character:
The sequence DLE-ETX (10h-03h) marks the end of a data block.

Checksum (BCC):
The block check character BCC is always added at the end of the data block. The
checksum is calculated as follows:
BCC = data byte 1 (exor) data byte 2 (exor) ...data byte n (exor) DLE (exor) ETX..
The STX character is not included in this computation.

Caution:
a) BCC can have any value, including values corresponding to ETX, STX, DLE,
etc.
b) Doubled DLE occurrences are included in the BCC computation

If the BCC computation results in the value 10h (corresponding to the control
character DLE), in this case it is not doubled.

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Example:
The status of the Station 16 is to be reset. For this, the required message frame to be
transmitted by the master station is: 28h-10h-00h-00h-00h-00h.

The slave station (# 16) responds with: A8h-00h-10h-00h-00h-00h.

PLC / PC → TRM-700: Starts communication.

02h
STX

TRM-700 → PLC / PC: Confirms establishment of communication.

10h
DLE

PLC / PC → TRM-700: Transmits data block.

28h 10h 10h 00h 00h 00h 00h 10h 03h 3Bh
DLE DLE ETX BCC
doubling

TRM-700 → PLC / PC: Acknowledges receipt of data block.

10h
DLE

- Data is transmitted over the radio link -

TRM-700 → PLC / PC: Acknowledgement data block transmitted by the slave

station.
02h
STX

PLC / PC → TRM-700: Confirms establishment of communication.

10h
DLE

TRM-700 → PLC / PC: Acknowledgement data block transmitted by the slave

station
A8h 00h 10h 10h 00h 00h 00h 10h 03h BBh
DLE DLE ETX BCC
doubling !

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PLC / PC → TRM-700: Acknowledges correct receipt of data block.

10h
DLE

Control characters:
Control characters used in the 3964R protocol and their corresponding hexadecimal
values are given in the following table:

Control function Acronym Value

Start of text STX 02h
End of text ETX 03h
Acknowledge ACK 06h
Data link escape DLE 10h
Negative acknowledge NAK 15h

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3.7.2 ASCII Protocol

Serial data interface parameters:
Bit rate: 2400 to 19200 bps
Word length: 7 or 8 bits
Start bit: 1 bit
Stop bit: 1 bit
Parity: None, odd, or even
Character timeout: 220 ms (factory setting)
Acknowledgement timeout: 1000 ms (factory setting)

Data block structure:

Data can be transmitted in either direction between a TRM-700 and a connected
computer (PC) or PLC. All data blocks begin with a "Start of Text" character,
followed by the ASCII-coded user data, an "End of Text" character, and a "Block
Check Character". If the data block is correctly received by the other side, a positive
response (ACK) is transmitted by it. If not, a negative response (NAK) is sent. If
the communication in progress is to be aborted, then an EOT character is
transmitted. If the sender receives an NAK, it transmits the same data block once
more.

The communication set-up should ensure that pauses between characters in a data
block do not exceed 220 ms, otherwise the data block will be rejected (the TRM-700
transmits an NAK in this event).

Acknowledgements must always be sent within the acknowledgement timeout limit

of 1000 ms. If an acknowledgement is not received by a TRM-700 within this time,
it will make up to two repeat attempts to send the same data block (except with " * "
commands in the "ZZ" mode). If no acknowledgement is received even after the last
repetition, then the TRM-700 terminates the communication in progress, by
transmitting EOT (except with "*-" commands).

Start character:
STX (02h) is used as the start character.

User data:
The user data consists of a pure ASCII string. Binary values are represented in
ASCII as hexadecimal numbers. Only the numeric characters 0 through 9 and the
alphabetic characters A through F may be used.
Example: A user data byte with the value 7Eh is transmitted as a 2-byte string "7" -
"E".

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Control characters starting with "*" are handled as exceptions. These are transmitted
as pure ASCII characters following the "*".
Example: "*Z1" is transmitted as: STX - "*" - "Z" - "1" - ETX - LRC.

End character:
ETX (03h) is used as the end character.

Checksum:
The checksum is calculated as follows:
LRC = data byte 1 (exor) data byte 2 (exor) …data byte n (exor) ETX.
The STX character is not included in this computation.

Caution: BCC can have any value, including values corresponding to ETX, STX,
EOT, etc.

Example:
The status of the station 1 is to be reset. For this, the required message frame to be
transmitted by the master station is: 28h-01h-00h-00h-00h-00h.

The slave station (# 16) responds with: A8h-00h-01h-00h-00h-00h.

PC/SPS à TRM-700: Transmits data block

02h 32h 38h 30h 31h 30h 30h 30h 30h 30h 30h
STX "2" "8" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"

30h 30h 03h 08h

"0" "0" ETX LRC

TRM-700 → PLC / PC: Acknowledges receipt of data block.

06h
ACK

- Data is transmitted over the radio link -

TRM-700 → PLC / PC: Acknowledgement data block transmitted by the slave

station
02h 41h 38h 30h 30h 30h 31h 30h 30h 30h 30h
STX "A" "8" "0" "0" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0"

30h 30h 03h 88h

"0" "0" ETX LRC

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PLC / PC → TRM-700: Acknowledges receipt of data block.

06h
ACK

Control characters:
Control characters used in the 3964R protocol and their corresponding hexadecimal
values are given in the following table:

Control function Acronym Value

Start of text STX 02h
End of text ETX 03h
End of transmission EOT 04h
Acknowledge ACK 06h
Negative acknowledge NAK 15h

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3.7.3 Timeout Protocol

The "Timeout" protocol is available with or without RTS control. With it, data
transmission can be halted using the RTS line. Therefore, when this protocol is used,
the RTS line must be connected: without it data communication cannot take place.

Serial data interface parameters:

Bit rate: 2400 to 19200 bps
Word length: 7 or 8 bits
Start bit: 1 bit
Stop bit: 1 bit
Parity: None, odd, or even

Data block structure:

The timeout protocol is a transparent protocol, in which only user data is
communicated. Start, end, and checksum characters are not used.

User data:
The data to be transmitted is transferred unmodified to the TRM-700. The
communication set-up should ensure that the time interval between two successive
characters is not more than the equivalent time for 10 characters (at 9600 bps, this is
about 10 ms).

The end-of-message criterion in this case is timeout. If no character is received via

the serial interface for time equivalent to 10 characters, it is treated as the
completion of the data block, and the data received up to that point is transmitted
over the radio channel or interpreted as commands by the TRM-700 ("*" commands,
in the "ZZ" operating mode).

A Layer 1 acknowledgement is not implemented for the timeout protocol.

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3.8 Basic Rules of Operation

Data block length:

Data blocks can be up to 512 bytes in length. Shortly before reaching the maximum
data block length, the interface signal CTS is deactivated. When the serial data
interface is assumed to be ready again for data, the CTS signal is activated once
more.

Data block end criterion with Layer 1 timeout protocol:

All the individual bytes of the data block must be transferred unmodified by the
control system to the TRM-700. After a minimum of one byte has been received, if
the TRM-700 encounters an interruption in data longer than the equivalent time for
10 characters (10ms at 9600 bps), it treats this as the end of the data block, and
transmits whatever it has received up to that instant over the radio channel.

Data block end criterion with Layer 1 3964R and ASCII protocols:
If either of these protocols is in use, the end of the data block is defined by the
appropriate character string specified for that protocol (DLE-ETX-BCC for the
3964R protocol, or ETX-LRC for the ASCII protocol).

Acknowledgment timeout (applicable particularly to ZZT-mode networks):

The host control system software should take into consideration the
acknowledgement delays likely to be encountered in a radio network due to
transmit/receive switchover time, etc.

For an approximate estimate of such delays, allow 50 ms for radio carrier keying, 20
ms for the message frame header, and 5 ms for each data byte (at 2400 bps radio
data rate). To this must be added the time required by the slave station to transmit
the data over the serial data interface, and receive an acknowledgement from the
connected PC/PLC (approximately 1 ms per data byte, at 9600 bps).

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Addressing and acknowledgement responses (ZZT-mode networks)

Radio data blocks transmitted by a ZZT-mode master station are received time-
synchronously by all the slave stations. Each slave station outputs this data (also
time-synchronously) using the Layer 1 protocol selected for the PC/PLC connected
to its serial data port. The CTS line of the serial data (RS-232) port is activated the
instant the slave station receives the first data block, and deactivated at the end of
the time slot in time slot operation mode.

The PC / PC connected to the slave station has to check the address within the
message frame, and act on it only if that address matches its own.

Protocol selection (ZZT-mode networks)

When a radio link is used in the protocol-transparent "timeout" mode, it is
recommended that a protocol be used that requires the minimum number of message
exchanges. MODBUS-RTU is suitable, since in each case only one data block is
transmitted, and only one acknowledgement message is received. By contrast, the
3964R protocol would require a total of 8 (EIGHT !) radio messages to complete a
"fetch data" transaction. Therefore the 3964R protocol is not recommended for use
in protocol-transparent "timeout" radio networks operating in time-slot mode.

If a ZZT-mode radio network must be operated with terminal equipment (PCs /

PLCs) that uses the 3964R protocol, this could be handled in the following way. The
-/ZZT master station and -/S2U slave stations can be set up for interfacing with
3964R protocol terminal equipment connected to their respective serial data ports.
At the master station, a data block to be transmitted by (say) the host PC is
transferred to the TRM-700/ZZT modem using the 3964R protocol. The TRM-
700/ZZT re-transmits this data block in the time-slot radio link to the destination
TRM-700/SU slave modem, in the timeout mode. The TRM-700/SU slave modem
then transfers this data block through its serial data port to the PLC using the 3964R
protocol.

In this way, only one radio message exchange takes place for each data block to be
transmitted. A positive acknowledgement (ACK) received through the 3964R
protocol by a PC / PLC on one side would mean only that the connected TRM-700
has received the data correctly: it cannot be taken as confirmation that the remote
slave station has received the data.

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4 TRM-700H/M Master Station Modem

4.1 ZZ Operating Mode

When the TRM-700H/M is set up in the ZZ mode, it can operate with any of the
following slave station modules:
• RTU-700H
• TRM-700H/S1U
• FMC-V24/DA1, -DA2, and –DA4.

The user data depends in each case on the slave station that is accessed.
Communication with connected terminal equipment takes place using one of the
supported Layer-1 protocols.

The TRM-700H/M automatically generates the so-called time-byte (ZB) and inserts
it into every message frame that it transmits. Note: this byte should not be
included in the user data block!

The TRM-700H/M has a 4-bit address, which is selectable by the user within the
range of 0-14. This address does not affect the addresses of the slave stations in the
network, each of which would have its own distinctive network address. If, however,
there are several ZZ-mode stations with identical user-defined addresses, where one
ZZ-mode station is within radio range of other slave stations, then each ZZ- and
ZZT-mode station should be given a distinctive address. This prevents master
stations from accidentally receiving and transferring message frames from slave
stations in neighboring networks.

Slave station addresses should be unique, not only within a radio network, but also
among all networks operating within radio range of each other. Each such network
should have a reserved range of slave station addresses. This way, message frames
will not be accidentally received from, or transmitted to, neighboring networks.

4.1.1 TRM-700 (ZZ Mode): Communication Control (Logical Level)

Communication between a computer (or other control system) and a TRM-700 radio
modem involves some considerations relating to data block structure and protocol
usage. The following commands are represented as pure user data, and are valid for
being handled by the TRM-700/ZZ as part of the Layer 1 protocol. For example, in
the case of a TRM-700/ZZ using the ASCII protocol, the query command for the
time slot is “*Z”, and is transmitted as "STX - *Z - ETX - LRC". The
acknowledgement is similarly protocol-dependent: “DLE” in the 3964R protocol,
“ACK” in the ASCII protocol, and no acknowledgement in the timeout protocol.

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4.1.2 TRM-700 (ZZ Mode): Power-Up Message

On switching on a TRM-700, it transmits its version number and unit number over
the serial interface.

If the TRM is set up to use the 3964R protocol, it first transmits an NAK before
transmitting the version and unit numbers.

Example of power-up message:

TRM-700: * V03.00 4711
Terminal equipment: Acknowledgement (except with the timeout protocol)

4.1.3 Interrogation of Version and Unit Numbers

The stored firmware version and unit numbers of a TRM-700 can be read by
software. Therefore the functional capabilities of each radio modem on a network
can be determined at any time, even if a modem is replaced with a later version.

Example of interrogation for the version number (software version 3.10, unit
number 4711):
Host: *V
TRM-700: Acknowledgement (except when using the timeout protocol)
TRM-700: *V03.10 4711
Host: Acknowledgement (except when using the timeout protocol)

The version and unit numbers string is structured as follows:

“*” (asterisk) - V (identifier character) - XX (first 2 digits of the version number) -
“.” (dot) - XX (last 2 digits of the version number) - space - XXXX (4 digit unit
number).

4.1.4 TRM-700H/M (ZZ Mode) RF Field Strength Measurement

While a slave station is transmitting a data block, a TRM-700H/M-ZZ master station
measures the field strength of the received signal at various points in the message
frame. These values of received field strength are averaged and stored as a
percentage in the range 0 - 100. This value can be interrogated by the connected
terminal equipment (PC / PLC) with the command “*F”.

The field strength data is a 3-digit value in the range 000 through 100. If the 3-digit
string 999 is returned, it means that a valid value of field strength is not available at
that moment.

After the field strength value is interrogated, it is re-set to 999 (invalid value), until
the next updated average value is registered.

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Example of interrogation for field strength:

Host: *F
TRM-700: Acknowledgement (except when using the timeout protocol)
TRM-700: *F067
Host: Acknowledgement (except when using the timeout protocol)

The following table gives the equivalence between percentage readings and
electrical field strength values. These are approximate relationships, due to the
tolerance spread of electronic circuit component values.

Field Strength % Value LED Lamps Comments

Pattern
0,5µV 17% 3 red Evaluation limit
1µV 28% Yellow Good signal strength
5µV 51% 1 green Very good signal
strength
10µV 61% 2 green
30µV 75% 3 green
150µV 98% 4 green

4.2 Registers Structure: TRM-700M (ZZ)

Some operation / status parameters of modem units (e.g., version number, unit
number, etc.) can be accessed through registers. This access has to take place using
the MoP protocol, which is also used for communicating with RTU-700 destination
stations. Such access is possible only by master stations operating in the ZZ mode.
All registers are 16 bits wide.

Register types:
(R): Register can be read
(W): Register can be read and written
(WP): Register can be read and contains factory settings
(E): Register value is stored in EEPROM

The functions of available registers and their address codes are listed in the table that
follows.

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4.2.1 TRM-700H Registers

Register Function Description

906 Model identity Identifies the model and operating mode of the
modem (R)
907 Firmware Firmware version (R)
version e.g., 0115h corresponds to version 01.15
914 Received signal Radio signal field strength during the last received
field strength message frame, in percent (R)
916 Station address Logical address of station (R/W/E)
932 Character Sets the character timeout limit for the 3964R and
timeout limit ASCII protocols, in 10 ms units (Default value: 22
= 220 ms) (R/W/E)
933 Acknowledge- Sets the acknowledgement timeout limit for the
ment timeout 3964R and ASCII protocols, in 10 ms units
limit (Default value: 100 = 1000 ms) (R/W/E)

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4.2.2 Description of Register Functions

Information about the various operational parameters of the radio modem is stored
in registers where they can be accessed when required. The addresses of these
registers start from 900. Registers are of the following types: read only, read-write,
or factory pre-written. Some of these registers are stored in non-volatile memory,
protected from power interruptions.

Station Address Register

The DIP-switch configured station address is stored in this register. Addresses can
be selected in the range 0-14 for master stations, and 1-239 for slave stations.

Model Identity Register

This register identifies the model number and operating mode of the radio modem,
which can be interrogated remotely to verify the network configuration details, or to
check if a specific station is using the correct type of radio modem.

The model identity register codes for the TRM-700 modems are as follows:
0021h: TRM-700H/M, operating mode ZZ
0022h: TRM-700H/M, operating mode ZZT

0028h: TRM-700H/U, operating mode S1U

0029h: TRM-700H/U, operating mode S2U
002Ah: TRM-700H/U, operating mode T1X

Firmware Version Register

This register identifies the embedded software version of the modem. A value of
0320h means that version 3.20 of the modem’s firmware is used in that specific unit.

Received Field Strength Register

The field strength (as a percentage value, in the range 0 – 100 %) of the radio signal
during the reception of the last message frame.

Character Timeout Limit Register

The 3964R and ASCII protocols use character timeout monitoring. If, after a
character is received, the next character is delayed beyond this timeout value, the
data block is rejected. The default register value is 22, which corresponds to 220 ms.

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Acknowledgement Timeout Limit Register

The 3964R and ASCII protocols also use acknowledgement timeout monitoring. If,
after a data block is transmitted, an acknowledgement is not received within the
timeout limit, the same data block is transmitted again, with up to 2 repetitions.
Commands with the “*” prefix are not repeated after being transmitted once. The
acknowledgement timeout value is stored in 10 ms units. The default value is 100,
corresponding to 1000 ms.

4.2.3 The MoP Protocol

The registers of the TRM-700H/M (ZZ) are accessed using the MoP (MODBUS
over Piciorgros) protocol. This protocol is also used for communicating with the
RTU-700H slave stations.

The MoP protocol is based on the industry-standard MODBUS-RTU protocol, but

with added features that optimize the protocol for radio data communication. With
the MoP protocol, a complete data exchange (reading and writing of a slave station’s
registers) is executed in a single radio data exchange cycle, consisting of one data
block transferred from the master to the slave station, and one data block from the
slave to the master. On the other hand, the standard MODBUS protocol needs 4
message frame transfers for the same purpose (2 message frames for writing to the
registers, plus two for reading from the registers).

The MoP message frame consists of a header followed by a user data block. The
header includes the function code (60h) that declares the MoP protocol, the
receiving and transmitting station addresses, and up to 2 repeater station addresses.

To access the internal registers of a TRM-700H/M modem, the character sequence

“00 00 00 00” is to be included in the MoP address header.

Polling data block from a host system to a TRM-700H/M (ZZ mode) using the
MoP protocol:
60 00 00 00 00 IRH IRL IRX

ORH ORL ORX D1H D1L .... DnH DnL

60: Function code in the polling message frame that declares the MoP
protocol
IRH / IRL: Address of the first input register that is to be read
IRX: Number of input registers that are to be read
ORH / ORL: Address of the first output register that is to be written
ORX: Number of output registers that are to be written

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D..H / D..L: Data for the output registers. For each output register that is to be
written, 2 bytes of data must be transmitted.

Acknowledgement data block from a TRM-700:

E0 00 00 00 00 IRH IRL IRX D1H D1L .... DnH DnL

E0: Function code in the acknowledgement message frame that declares

the MoP protocol
IRH / IRL: Address of the first input register that has been read, and whose data
is to be transmitted back
IRX: Number of input registers that have been read
D..H / D..L: Data for the input registers. For each output register that is to be
written, 2 bytes of data must be transmitted.

Addressing the internal TRM-700H register contents using the MoP protocol
(possible only for a TRM-700H/M-ZZ):
All control registers can be interrogated separately or simultaneously, while at the
same time other registers can be written. Some control registers are read-write type,
while others are read-only. The addresses of these registers start at 900.

All registers are 16 bits wide. If fewer than 16 bits are used for a particular function,
the lower bits are the ones that are used.

Example: reading the registers of a TRM-700H:

• The product serial and software version numbers of a TRM-700H/M (ZZ) are to
be fetched from its control registers (2 registers, starting with register address
932 = 0A4h):
60 00 00 00 00 03 A4 02 00 00 00

• Acknowledgement message frame, indicating product serial number as 0021h

and firmware version 3.20 (register value 0320h):
E0 00 00 00 00 03 A4 02 00 21 03 20

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4.3 ZZT Operating Mode

A TRM-700 master station can operate in the ZZT-mode only with TRM-700/S2U
slave stations. In this radio network configuration, data communication is fully
transparent. Control commands, such as “ * ” commands in ZZ-mode operation, are
not possible in ZZT-mode operation. Data exchanges between a TRM-700H modem
and connected terminal equipment (e.g., PC) is handled under the Layer-1 protocol
for which each respective modem has been set up, both for the ZZT-mode master
station and the S2U-mode slave stations.

The TRM-700H/M has a 4-bit address, which can be programmed in the range 0-14.
This address is the basis for a group address for the S2U slave stations on the same
network. In such a network, the S2U slave stations have a common group address
that must be 1 higher than the master station address. For example, if the master
station is assigned the address “0”, the S2U slave stations must have the address “1”.

If several ZZ- or ZZT-mode stations are operating in the same area, where one or
more of them can receive signals from slave stations in other neighboring networks,
then the group address for each network must be different. This is necessary to
ensure that a ZZ-mode master station does not accept and process a message frame
from a slave station that is not on its own network. Also, a slave station group
address and frequency channel should be assigned uniquely to each network, if
several networks are operating within radio range of each other. S2U modems are
the only type which use the same address (in this case, the group address) for
multiple slave stations in the same network.

The radio modems and radio I/O modules are all pre-programmed with a customer
address code that is unique for each customer. This address takes precedence over
the network station addresses. A receiving station will reject any message frame that
it receives that has a customer address other than its own. Therefore, it is not
possible for stations of one customer to transmit data to, or receive data from,
stations of another customer, even if they happen to be within radio range of one
another.

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4.3.1 ZZT Mode Communication Without Time-Slot Limitations

Time slot limitations are not applicable for radio networks installed outside
Germany, nor for ISM band networks everywhere. In these cases, data
communication is handled in the same way as the time slot method, except that the
ZZT master station can transmit data over the radio channel to the slave stations at
any time. Instead of checking received message frames against designated time-
slots, the slave stations check the destination addresses in the message frames, to
determine whether a message frame transmitted by the master station is to be
accepted by it or not. If a slave station accepts the message frame, it activates the
CTS line of its serial data interface, and is ready thereafter to receive data from the
connected terminal equipment.

Note: When a slave station is started up or re-set, its CTS line is deactivated. Until it
receives the first message frame from the master station, a slave station cannot know
whether it is to operate in the time slot mode or not. It must first receive a message
frame from the master station, before the slave station activates its CTS line.

4.3.2 Radio Repeater Stations

Since all the slave stations in a ZZT-S2U network have the same address (the group
address), a slave station cannot function as radio repeater station in such a network.
If the topography of the local terrain makes it necessary to use one or more repeater
stations in a radio network, the dedicated repeater module RAR-700 can be used
with one of the appropriate communication protocols (MODBUS-RTU or
MODNET-1). For details, see the RAR-700 technical documentation.

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5 TRM-700H/U Slave Station

5.1 S1U Mode Operation

A TRM-700/U in the S1U operating mode can interconnect data acquisition and
control (SCADA) system nodes (PLCs, PC, etc.), by linking their respective serial
interfaces over a radio network. For this, the master station modem is set up to
operate in the ZZ time-slot mode

The exchange of user data over the serial interface of each radio modem takes place
under the Layer 1 protocol for which each S1U slave station is set up.

TRM-700/S1U modems can be used with other types of radio stations (e.g., RTU-
700 radio remote I/O modules) in the same network. All these types of radio
modules can function as radio repeater stations. For example, a data block addressed
to a TRM-700/S1U can be routed through two RTU-700 modules that act as radio
repeaters, in addition to their basic function of acting as radio remote I/O nodes.

5.1.1 (Missing)

5.1.2 Radio Message Frame Structure

Message frame structures are described in the following sections, independently of
the Layer 1 protocol used.

[Link] Message Frame Transmitted By Master To Slave Stations

All message frames are identically structured. A frame starts with the function code
that defines its structure and contents. This is followed by 4 address bytes, a timeout
byte, and then the user data block (the last of which can have an arbitrary number of
bytes).

Polling message frame from the master to slave station:

F (ZB) A1 A2 A3 A4 T D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Dn

F: Function code that defines the structure and contents of the frame
(ZB): The time byte, generated automatically by a ZZ-mode master station.
Note: this byte must not be transmitted by the host (control) system !
A1….A4: Destination station address (A1), repeater station addresses (A2, A3),
and sending station address
T: Timeout byte (used when data is read from a TRM-700/S1U)

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D1….Dn: User or control data (optional)

[Link] Acknowledgement From Slave To Master Station

A slave station responds with an acknowledgement message frame to every data
block that has been addressed to it. The function code in the acknowledgement
message frame is generated by setting the most significant bit to logic “1”.

Example: On reading the function code 31h in a received message frame, a TRM-
700/S1U generates and inserts the function code B1h in the acknowledgement
message frame.

Acknowledgement message frame from the slave to the master station:

Q (ZB) A1 A2 A3 A4 RZ D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Dn

Q: Function code in the acknowledgement message frame

(ZB): The time byte, which is filtered out by the ZZ master station.
Note: this byte is not transmitted to the host (control) system!
A1….A4: Destination station address (A1), repeater station addresses (A2, A3),
and sending station address (A4)
RZ: Record counter
D1….Dn: User or control data (optional), confirmed by the slave station

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[Link] Function Codes For The TRM-700/S1U

F Interpretation
(hex)
31 Data transmitted to, and to be read by, the TRM-700/S1U:
The user data block in the polling message frame is forwarded by the
TRM-700/S1U via its serial data interface, using the Layer-1 protocol set
up for that interface. If the timeout byte is >0, the TRM-700/S1U will wait
for the period determined by this byte (= T*25 ms) to receive return data
from the terminal equipment connected to its serial interface. If this is
received within the time limit, the return data block is inserted into
acknowledgement message frame, and transmitted onward to the master
station. When this happens, the Record Counter value is set to 1. If the
acknowledgement message frame does not contain return data, the Record
Counter is set to 0.
32 Data from TRM-700/S1U is read:
After the TRM-700/S1U receives a polling data block with this function
code, it is ready to ready to receive data via its serial interface (within the
updated timeout limit), using the Layer 1 protocol set up for that interface.
The data block received by it via its serial interface is then forwarded to
the master station, with the Record Counter value increased by 1. If no
data is received via the serial interface, the radio acknowledgement
message frame is sent with the Record Counter set to 0.
33 Last data block re-transmitted:
When it receives this function code, the TRM-700/S1U re-transmits the
last data block again. This can be necessary if, for example, a data block
could not be completely transmitted the first time because the time slot
had expired. In this case, the TRM-700/S1U does not read data via its
serial port, and the Record Counter remains unchanged.
B1 Acknowledgement code to the function code 31.
B2 Acknowledgement code to the function code 32.
B3 Acknowledgement code to the function code 33.

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[Link] Address Block (With Repeater Stations)

The address block consists of 4 bytes (8 bits each), which includes the addresses of
the destination station, the originating station, and (where applicable) up to 2
repeater stations. It has the following structure:

A1 A2 A3 A4

A1 always contains the address of the station that is to process the message frame
next. If A2 = 00h, it means there is no repeater station in the path to that destination
station: i.e., the station addressed by A1 will directly receive the message frame. If
A2 or A3 has a value other than 00h, it means that the transmitted message frame
has to be routed through a repeater station. In this case, A1 will have the address of
the first repeater station. When a repeater station receives a message frame, it rolls
the addresses to the left:

A2 A3 A4 A1

The fourth address byte always has the return address of the master station (0x00)
and identifies the end of the address block.

Example 1: No repeater stations

A data block is to be transmitted from a master to a slave that which has the address
35h:

Master: F 35 00 00 00

The slave station acknowledges this as follows:

Station 35: Q 00 35 00 00

Example 2: With repeater stations

A data block is to be transmitted from a master to a slave station with address 55, via
repeater stations with addresses 12 and 13, respectively:
Master: F 12 13 55 00

The message frame is received by repeater station12, the address block is rolled to
the left and the message frame is retransmitted:

Station 12: F 13 55 00 12

The message frame is received by repeater station13, the address block is rolled to
the left and the message frame is retransmitted:

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Station 13: F 55 00 12 13

This message frame is now received by the next station (address 55h). Since the
second address byte is 00h, the address 55h is interpreted as that of the destination
station.

The destination slave station replaces the polling function code (F) with the
acknowledgement function code (Q), rolls the address block to the right, and sends
the message frame back over the same route to the master station:

Slave station 55h transmits the acknowledgement message frame to repeater station
13h:
Station 55: Q 13 55 00 12

Repeater station 13h re-transmits the message frame to repeater station 12h:
Station 13: Q 12 13 55 00

Repeater station 12h re-transmits the message frame to the master station 00h:

Station 12: Q 00 12 13 55

The master station then forwards the data block received by it from repeater station
12h to the terminal equipment connected to its serial interface.

[Link] Timeout Byte T: Master To Slave Station

The timeout byte determines the time limit within which a TRM-700/S1U must
receive data via at its serial interface. This value is in 25 ms units: i.e., a timeout
byte value of 20 (decimal) represents a timeout limit of 500 ms.

[Link] Record Counter RZ: Slave To Master Station

The record counter indicates the number of the data blocks transmitted by the TRM-
700/S1U to the master station. It is of particular importance when the user data
requires several blocks for it to be transmitted completely. The record counter is the
basis for confirming that the complete data has been transferred.

The record counter is deleted when the data is sent out (function code 31) by the
TRM-700/S1U. Each data block that is read in at the serial interface of the TRM-
700/S1U increases the record counter value by 1.

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5.1.3 Description Of The Function Codes

The function codes used for communication with the TRM-700/S1U are described
below.

For information about the protocol used by the master station, refer to the technical
documentation relating to that module.

[Link] Data Transmitted To A TRM-700/S1U (F = 31h)

Polling message frame:
31 (ZB) A1 A2 A3 A4 T D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Dn

31: The function code that defines the function and structure of the
message frame
(ZB): The time byte, generated automatically by the ZZ master station.
Note: this byte must not be transmitted by the host (control) system !
A1…A4: Addresses of the destination station, repeater station/s, and master
station
T: Timeout byte. If T = 0, data is given out and not read in at the serial
interface, and an acknowledgement is transmitted back immediately
over the radio channel (i.e., “output only”).
If T > 0, the TRM-700/S1U waits for the appropriate time (see
description of timeout byte) for data to be received via its serial
interface. It includes this data in a message frame and transmits it to
the master station.
D1….Dn: (Optional) user or control data (max. 512 bytes)

After the message frame is received by the TRM-700/S1U, it forwards the extracted
user data block through its serial interface.

If the value of the timeout byte is 0, then an acknowledgement message frame

without a user data block, and with record counter set to “00”, is transmitted back
immediately.

If the value of the timeout byte is greater than 0, then the TRM-700/S1U responds as
if it had been polled using the function code 32. In this case, the CTS signal is
activated for the time duration corresponding to the value of the timeout byte. If the
TRM-700/S1U receives data (under the Layer 1 protocol for which it is set up) via
its serial interface within this time period, that data is inserted as the user block into
the acknowledgement message frame and transmitted to the master station, with the
record counter (RZ) set to 1.

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Acknowledgement by the TRM-700/S1U:

B1 (ZB) A1 A2 A3 A4 RZ D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Dn

B1: Acknowledgement code.

(ZB): The time byte, which is filtered out by the ZZ master station.
Note: this byte is not transmitted to the host (control) system!
A1….A4: Address block of the acknowledgement message frame
RZ: Record counter. If no data is received at the serial interface within the
specified timeout limit, the value of the record counter is set to 00. If
user data is received and included in the acknowledgement message
frame, the value of the record counter is set to 1.
D1....DN: User data (if available, max. 512 bytes).

[Link] Data Read From The TRM-700/S1U (F = 32h)

Polling message frame header:

32 (ZB) A1 A2 A3 A4 T

32: The function code that defines the function and structure of the
message frame
(ZB): The time byte, generated automatically by the ZZ master station.
Note: this byte must not be transmitted by the host (control) system !
A1…A4: Addresses of the destination station, repeater station/s, and master
station
T: Timeout byte.

On receiving a polling message frame such as this, The TRM-700/S1U activates the
CTS line of its serial interface, signaling that it is ready to receive data. If data is not
received by it within the specified timeout limit, the CTS line is deactivated, and the
acknowledgement message frame without a user data block is transmitted back to
the master station.

If the TRM-700/S1U receives data (under the Layer 1 protocol for which it is set up)
via its serial interface within this time period, that data is inserted as the user data
block into the acknowledgement message frame and transmitted to the master
station.

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Acknowledgement from the TRM-700/S1U:

B2 (ZB) A1 A2 A3 A4 RZ D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Dn

B2: Acknowledgement code.

(ZB): The time byte, which is filtered out by the ZZ master station.
Note: this byte is not transmitted to the host (control) system!
A1….A4: Address block of the acknowledgement message frame
RZ: Record counter. If no data is received at the serial interface within the
specified timeout limit, the value of the record counter is set to 00.
D1....DN: User data (if available, max. 64 bytes).

For each new user data block, the record counter is incremented by 1.

[Link] Request For Repeat Of Last Data Block (F = 33h)

Polling message frame header:
33 (ZB) A1 A2 A3 A4 00

33: The function code that defines the function and structure of the
message frame
(ZB): The time byte, generated automatically by the ZZ master station.
Note: this byte must not be transmitted by the host system !
A1…A4: Addresses of the destination station, repeater station/s, and master
station

Acknowledgement from the TRM-700/S1U:

B3 (ZB) A1 A2 A3 A4 RZ D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 Dn

B3: Acknowledgement code.

(ZB): The time byte, which is filtered out by the ZZ master station.
Note: this byte is not transmitted to the host (control) system!
A1….A4: Address block of the acknowledgement message frame
RZ: Record counter. This corresponds to the last value of RZ that was
transmitted with a valid data block by the TRM-700/S1U. If there is
no more user data in memory then this value is set to 00, and no user
data is included in the acknowledgement message frame.
D1....DN: User data (if available)

With this function code the data read in previously is requested again. This can be
necessary, for example, when a data block could not be completely received due to
expiry of the time slot. In this case, the record counter is not incremented, and data is
not read in via the serial interface of the TRM-700/S1U.

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5.1.4 Example
In this example the data block " TEST " is to be sent to a remote terminal equipment
(e.g., PLC), followed by carriage return, at the serial interface of a TRM-700/S1U.
The terminal equipment connected to the TRM-700/S1U has to reply to this
command with the acknowledgment word “HALLO”. In this example, the TRM-
700/S1U has the station address 1 and uses the Timeout protocol, while the ZZ-
mode master station uses the ASCII (Layer 1) protocol.

[Link] Data Transfer: Host System To Master Station Modem

Data is transferred by the host system to the master station radio modem using the
appropriate Layer 1 protocol. In this example, the ASCII protocol is used. At the
physical level, the master station modem requires a message frame structured as
STX - data -…..- data - ETX – LRC. This message frame contains the header (which
includes the function code, address block, etc.) and the user data that can be
transferred at the logical level. The entire communication at the logical level takes
place exclusively in the ASCII format: i.e., the byte FFh is transmitted as a 2-byte
string “F” - “F”. Data communication is described in detail section 3.7, which
covers Layer protocols.

The data block “TEST” followed by a carriage return would therefore be the
hexadecimal string: 54h 45h 53h 54h 0Dh.

Communication: host system to master station radio modem:

33h 31h 30h 31h 30h 30h 30h 30h 30h 30h 30h 30h
31 01 00 00 00 00

35h 34h 34h 35h 35h 33h 35h 34h 30h 44h
54 45 53 54 0D

The message frame is transmitted over the radio channel to the TRM-700/S1U slave
station, provided that the appropriate time slot is active.

[Link] TRM-700/S1U: Send Data To Terminal Equipment

After the data block has been received by the TRM-700/S1U, it sends the following
data sequence via its serial interface:

Communication: TRM-700/S1U to connected terminal equipment (Layer 1:

Timeout)

54h 45h 53h 54h 0Dh

"T" "E" "S" "T" CR

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[Link] TRM-700/S1U: Request Data From Terminal Equipment

In this example, we want the terminal equipment connected to the serial interface of
the TRM-700/S1U slave station to respond with the acknowledging data block
“HALLO”, when it receives the command data block “TEST”. In addition, the
master station must request the TRM-700/S1U to read data from the terminal
equipment and send it back to the central station. In this example the timeout limit
is set to 250 ms (timeout byte = 0Ah).

Communication: host system to master station radio modem

33h 32h 30h 31h 30h 30h 30h 30h 30h 30h 30h 41h
32 01 00 00 00 0A

[Link] TRM-700/S1U: Receive Data From Terminal Equipment

After the data block referred to in section [Link] is received by the TRM-700/S1U,
it activates the CTS line of its serial interface, and keeps it in that state during the
timeout period (250 ms), signaling to the connected terminal equipment that it is
ready to receive data. The terminal equipment must send the requested data (in this
case the acknowledging word “HALLO”) to the TRM-700/S1U.
Communication: terminal equipment to TRM-700/S1U:

48h 41h 4Ch 4Ch 4Fh Pause

"H" "A" "L" "L" "O" >10
characters

With the timeout (Layer 1) protocol, a pause time greater than the equivalent time
for 10 characters is interpreted as the end of message, and results in the TRM-
700/S1U transmitting the data block onward to the master station. In this way data
can be read with complete transparency. Therefore all values from 00h through FFh
can be transmitted.

The data block received from the terminal equipment is inserted into a radio
message frame and transmitted by the TRM-700/S1U to the master station.

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[Link] Master Station Modem: Send Data To Host System

When the master station modem has received data over the radio channel, it
forwards the data in ASCII format to the host system. The word “HALLO” (48h -
41h - 4Ch - 4Ch - 4Fh) is transferred by the modem to the host system through the
serial interface as follows:

Communication: master station radio modem to the host system:

42h 32h 30h 30h 30h 31h 30h 30h 30h 30h 30h 31h
B2 00 01 00 00 01

34h 38h 34h 31h 34h 43h 34h 43h 34h 46h
48 41 4C 4C 4F

[Link] Simplification
The steps in [Link] and [Link] (two-way data exchange via the serial interface of
the TRM-700/S1U) were described separately for purposes of clarity. In practice,
these steps can be combined into a single step using the function code 31 (see
[Link]), with which the timeout byte is simply set to a suitable value greater than 0.
This way, the TRM-700/S1U outputs the data via its serial interface and is
immediately ready to receive return data within the specified timeout limit. This
return data is inserted in a message frame with the acknowledgement function code
B1 with the record counter set to 1, and immediately transmitted to the master
station.

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5.1.5 Summary
In short, communication between the master station and a TRM-700/S1U is divided
into 3 steps:

[Link] Transmission Of Data To The TRM-700/S1U

The data is transferred by the host system to the master station radio modem with
the function code set to 31, and then onward over the radio channel to the TRM-
700/S1U. This modem then transfers the data out through its serial port, using the
appropriate Layer 1 protocol, and sets its internal record counter register to zero. If
the timeout is set to a value greater than 0, the TRM-700/S1U is immediately
thereafter ready to receive return data. This return data is then transmitted to the
master station. In other words, by using the function code 31, transmission of data
from the master station is combined with reading in of data by the TRM-700/S1U
via its serial interface, as described in [Link].

[Link] TRM-700/S1U: Forward Received Data To Master Station

When a message frame with the function code 32 is received by a TRM-700/S1U, it
gets set to receive data during the immediately following time period “t”. During
this period, its CTS line is activated, thereby signaling to the connected terminal
equipment that the modem is ready to receive data. The period “t” is determined by
the master station, in 25 ms units.

The CTS line of the TRM-700/S1U is deactivated at the end of this timeout period if
no data is received via the serial interface up to that point, and an acknowledgement
message frame without user data is returned to the master station. This message
frame would have the acknowledgement function code (B2), the address block,
record counter value set to 0, and no data block after that.

If the TRM-700/S1U receives a data block via its serial interface within this timeout
period, it deactivates CTS line immediately after receiving the data block, and
transmits this data to the master station.

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[Link] Repeat Transmission Of The Last Data Block

Occasionally, a data block transmitted to the master station can be lost. This can
happen due to various reasons, including radio interference or expiry of a time slot.
The master station detects this situation when it fails to receive a complete and valid
acknowledgement from the TRM-700/S1U.

To ensure that the data received by the TRM-700/S1U is not lost, the host system
will request the same data block by sending the function code 33 in the next
message frame. In this case the record counter is not incremented, and the TRM-
700/S1U does not read new data from the terminal equipment connected to its serial
interface. The TRM-S1U retains the last data block received from the connected
terminal equipment until it is transmitted to the master station, and an explicit
request is received from the master station for a new data block to be fetched.

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5.2 S2U Mode Operation

TRM-700/U radio modems that operate in the S2U mode can link up distributed
front-end controllers, data acquisition modules, instruments, and computers in a
radio network, with a master station operating in the ZZT mode.

In this type of a radio network, data transmission is transparent. Unlike with ZZ-
S1U networks, here no special message frame headers or station addresses need to
be transmitted. Data sent by the host system (using the appropriate Layer 1 protocol)
to the ZZT-mode master station radio modem is broadcast to all the S2U slave
stations on the network. In this type of a network, all slave stations will have a
common address which is 1 higher then the master station address (e.g., if the master
station is assigned the address 1, all slave stations on that network will have the
address 2). Each slave station transfers data received over the radio channel to the
connected terminal equipment via its serial interface.

The exchange of user data with the connected terminal equipment is effected using
the Layer 1 protocol for which the S2U slave station has been set up.

The ZZT-mode station has a 4-bit address, which can be set in the range 0 - 14. This
address is the basis for a group address for the S2U slave stations on the same
network. The S2U slave stations are assigned an address that must be 1 higher than
the master station address. For example, if the master station is assigned the address
“0”, the S2U slave stations must have the address “1”. If several ZZ- or ZZT-mode
stations are operating in the same area, where one or more of them can receive
signals from slave stations in other neighboring networks, then the slave stations in
each network must have an address that is different from the addresses of the slave
station of the other networks. This is necessary to ensure that a ZZ-mode master
station does not accept and process a message frame from a slave station that is not
on its own network.. In addition, each network in the same area should be given a
unique slave station (group) address and frequency channel.

All radio modules of one customer are pre-programmed with a unique customer
address, which takes precedence over network station addresses (see section 4.3).
Therefore it is not possible for stations of one customer’s network to communicate
accidentally with stations of another customer’s network, even if they are within
radio range of each other.

A detailed description of data communication in ZZT-S1U networks is given in

section 4.3 (“ZZT” Operating Mode).

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5.3 T1X Mode Operation

The T1X mode allows the operation of a peer-to-peer radio network, without
involving a master station. Each T1X slave station can receive and send data via its
serial interface at any time. Data can be received by any of the TRM-700H/U-T1X
modems from any of the other stations on the network, which have the same user
address and operate on the same frequency. Each modem then forwards this data via
their serial interfaces to its connected terminal equipment. The message frame
header excludes destination station or group addresses. The station address (which in
this case relates to the terminal equipment instead of the radio modem) is included in
the user data block. The terminal equipment therefore must be programmed to detect
whether its own address is present or not in the user data block, and thereby accept
or reject the data block. Neither time slot operation nor repeater stations are
supported by T1X-mode radio modems.

For these reasons, T1X mode operation may be used on frequency channels
applicable for restricted radio data transmission (using the time slot method)
only if external timing and logic control can be provided at each TRM-
700H/T1X to ensure operation in accordance with time-slot operating norms.

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6 Set-Up And Connections

6.1 DIP Switch Settings

Parameters of TRM-700 radio modems are set through DIP switches. These
parameters include: serial interface data communication parameters, transmitting
power, Layer 1 protocol, and operating frequency. Programming is done at one of 4
levels.

The operating frequency can be set without entering programming mode, using DIP
switches 1 - 7. DIP switch 8 is intended for the programming mode.

DIP Switches
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 P

Operating Frequency Setting

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 DIP Switch
F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 Radio Channel
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 5
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 126
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 127

This table indicates that 128 channels are available for selection. For most frequency
bands, however, so many frequency channels are not permitted. Therefore, in
general, fewer radio channels in a frequency band are actually available, depending
on local regulations.

Allocation of radio frequencies to radio channels in different frequency bands is

shown in the following tables. Radio modems with adjustable frequency have the
frequency band marked on the rear of the modem (except for radio modems intended
for time-slot operation, which have a fixed frequency).

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ISM Band
Label Marking: ISM
Radio Frequency
Channel (MHz)
0 433.100
1 433.125
2 433.150
3 433.175
4 433.200
5 433.225
6 433.250
7 433.275
8 433.300
9 433.325
10 433.350
11 433.375
12 433.400
13 433.425
14 433.450
15 433.475
16 433.500
17 433.525
18 433.550
19 433.575
20 433.600
21 433.625
22 433.650
23 433.675
24 433.700
25 433.725
26 433.750
27 433.775
28 433.800
29 433.825
30 433.850
31 433.875

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ISM Band (continued)

Label Marking: ISM
Radio Frequency
Channel (MHz)
32 433.900
33 433.925
34 433.950
35 433.975
36 434.000
37 434.025
38 434.050
39 434.075
40 434.100
41 434.125
42 434.150
43 434.175
44 434.200
45 434.225
46 434.250
47 434.275
48 434.300
49 434.325
50 434.350
51 434.375
52 434.400
53 434.425
54 434.450
55 434.475
56 434.500
57 434.525
58 434.550
59 434.575
60 434.600
61 434.625
62 434.650
63 434.675

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England
Label Marking GB
Radio Frequency
Channel (MHz)
0 458.5000
1 458.5125
2 458.5250
3 458.5375
4 458.5500
5 458.5625
6 458.5750
7 458.5875
8 458.6000
9 458.6125
10 458.6250
11 458.6375
12 458.6500
13 458.6625
14 458.6750
15 458.6875
16 458.7000
17 458.7125
18 458.7250
19 458.7375
20 458.7500
21 458.7625
22 458.7750
23 458.7875
24 458.8000
25 458.8125
26 458.8500
27 458.8625
28 458.8750
29 458.8875
30 458.9125
31 458.9250

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Malaysia
Label Marking: MY
Radio Frequency
Channel (MHz)
0 450.6250
1 451.3750
2 452.1250
3 452.8750
4 453.6250
5 454.3750
6 455.1250
7 455.8750
8 456.6250
9 457.3750
10 458.1250
11 458.8750
12 459.6250
13 460.3750
14 461.1250
15 461.9750

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6.2 Entering The Programming Mode

To put the TRM-700 into programming mode, switch off (or disconnect) the power
supply. Then set DIP switches 1 - 7 all to “OFF” (0) position, and DIP switch 8 to
“ON” (1) position.

DIP Switches
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

The power supply is switched on again. The “OK” LED should blink slowly.

After entering the programming mode, DIP switches 6 and 7 are used for selecting
the programming level. DIP switches 1 - 5 are used for parameter setting, while DIP
switch 8 is used for making the new settings effective.

6.3 Setting RF Power Output

TRM-700 radio modems are available either as high power units (RF power output
capacity up to 4 W) or medium power units (RF power output capacity up to 500
mW). Actual output power limit can be set at one of 8 levels in the respective power
range. To set the output power limit level, the unit first has to be put into
programming mode.

DIP Switches
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P0 P1 P2 - - 0 0 1

Effective Radiated Power (ERP) With 0dB, 3dB, 7dB and 10dB Antenna
High Power Unit (4 Watts Max. RF Power Output Capacity)
1 2 3 DIP Switches
P0 P1 P2 0dB 3dB 7dB 10dB
0 0 0 100 mW 200mW 500mW 1W
1 0 0 250 mW 500mW 1.25W 2.5W
0 1 0 500 mW 1W 2.5W 5W
1 1 0 1W 2W 5W 10W
0 0 1 1.5 W 3W 7.5W 15W
1 0 1 2W 4W 10W 20W
0 1 1 3W 6W 15W 30W
1 1 1 4W 8W 20W 40W
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Effective Radiated Power (ERP) With 0dB, 3dB, 7dB and 10dB Antenna
Medium Power Unit (500 mW Max. RF Power Output Capacity)
1 2 3 DIP Switches
P0 P1 P2 0dB 3dB 7dB 10dB
0 0 0 10mW 20mW 50mW 100mW
1 0 0 100mW 200mW 500mW 1W
0 1 0 250mW 500mW 1.25W 2.5W
1 1 0 500mW 1W 2.5W 5W

Note: RF power must not exceed the value stipulated by local regulations for
the appropriate location and type of application! Cable and connector losses
should be compensated.

The required RF power output level is set through DIP switches 1 - 3. For the
programmed values to become effective, DIP switch 8 must be set to the “OFF“ (0)
position. The “OK” LED will now blink at double rate, indicating that the new
adjustment has been successfully implemented.

After this, further programming can be carried out (by setting DIP switch #8 to
position 1), or the programming is treated as completed.

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6.4 Setting Serial Data Interface Parameters

At this programming level, the baud rate and other parameters of the serial data
interface can be set. For this, the TRM-700 must be in programming mode

DIP Switches
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BR BR PE PS DL 1 0 1
0 1

Serial Data Interface Parameters

1 2 3 4 5 DIP Switches
BR0 BR1 PE PS DL Setting
0 0 x x x 2400 bps
1 0 x x x 4800 bps
0 1 x x x 9600 bps
1 1 x x x 19200 bps

x x 0 x x 8 data bits,
no parity
x x 1 0 0 7 data bits,
even parity
x x 1 1 0 7 data bits,
odd parity
x x 1 0 1 8 data bits,
even parity
x x 1 1 1 8 data bits,
odd parity

The interface parameters are set through DIP switches 1 - 5. For the programmed
values to become effective, DIP switch 8 must be set to the “OFF“ (0) position. The
“OK” LED will now blink at double rate, indicating that the new adjustment has
been successfully implemented.

After this, further programming can be carried out (by setting DIP switch #8 to
position 1), or the programming is treated as completed.

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6.5 Operating Mode And Layer 1 Protocol Selection

The operating mode of the TRM-700 (ZZ o ZZT for master station units; S1U, S2U,
T1X for slave units) and the Layer 1 protocol (3964R, ASCII, or timeout) are
selectable in programming level 3.

DIP Switches
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P0 P1 P2 B0 B1 0 1 1

Layer 1 Protocol
1 2 3 DIP Switches
P0 P1 P2 Setting
0 0 0 3964R
1 0 0 ASCII
0 1 0 Timeout
1 1 0 Timeout with RTS

TRM-700H/M Operating Mode

4 5 DIP Switches
B0 B1 Setting
0 0 ZZ
1 0 ZZT
0 1 ZZ, backward
compatible
(*Z1 instead of
*Zs1)

TRM-700H/U Operating
4 5 DIP Switches
B0 B1 Setting
0 0 S1U
1 0 S2U
0 1 T1X

For the programmed values to become effective, DIP switch 8 must be set to the
“OFF” (0) position. The “OK” LED will now blink at double rate, indicating that
the new adjustment has been successfully implemented.
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After this, further programming can be carried out (by setting DIP switch #8 to
position 1), or the programming is treatd as completed.

6.6 Station Address

The station address is set in programming level 4. Up to 32 address values are

selectable on the 5 DIP switches. Addresses can be selected for the TRM-700H/M in
the range 0 - 14; for the TRM-700H/U in S1U mode in the range 1-31; and for the
TRM-700H/U in S2U mode in the range 1-15.

Since the address range of S1U-mode TRM-700H/U radio modems (1 - 31) is

smaller than that of RTU-700 radio remote I/O modules, in mixed networks which
include both types of stations, addresses up to 31 only should be assigned to the
TRM-700 stations, while higher addresses can be asigned to the RTU-700 stations.

DIP Switches
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 1 1 1

Station Addresses
1 2 3 4 5 DIP Switches
A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 Setting
0 0 0 0 0 0 ( Master only)
1 0 0 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 0 2
1 1 0 0 0 3
0 0 1 0 0 4
1 0 1 0 0 5
... ... ... ... ... ...
0 1 1 1 1 30
1 1 1 1 1 31

For the programmed values to become effective, DIP switch 8 must be set to the
“OFF” (0) position. The “OK” LED will now blink at double rate, indicating that
the new adjustment has been successfully implemented.

After this, further programming can be carried out (by setting DIP switch #8 to
position 1), or the programming is treated as completed.

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6.7 Exiting The Programming Mode

To exit the programming mode, set DIP switch #8 to to the “OFF” (0) position. This
has the effect of replacing the previous settings with the new programmed settings.
The “OK” LED will now blink at double rate. Power supply to the unit is then
switched off for at least 3 seconds, and then switched on again. The TRM-700 now
operates with the new settings.

After exiting the programming mode, if the unit is a type with adjustable frequency,
do not forget to re-set the operating frequency to the appropriate value (main DIP
switch programming level).

6.8 TRM-700 Serial Interface Connector: Pin-Outs

RS-232 interface:
Pin: Designation
2 TxD Transmit data: TRM-700 à terminal equipment
3 RxD Receive data: TRM-700 ß terminal equipment
4 DTR Shorted to pin #6
5 GND Ground
6 DSR Shorted to pin #4
7 RTS Handshake: TRM-700 ß terminal equipment
8 CTS Handshake: TRM-700 à terminal equipment

RS-485 interface (optional):

Pin: Designation
3 B Signal
5 GND Ground / shield
8 A Signal

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6.9 PC Serial Interface Connectors: Pin-Outs

PC RS-232 connector: 9-pin

Pin: Designation
1 Carrier Detect
2 RxD Receive data
3 TxD Transmit data
4 DTR Data terminal ready
5 GND Ground
6 DSR Data set ready
7 RTS Request to send (handshake)
8 CTS Clear to send (handshake)
9 Ring indicator

PC RS-232 connector: 25-pin

Pin: Designation
8 Carrier Detect
3 RxD Receive data
2 TxD Transmit data
20 DTR Data terminal ready
7 GND Ground
6 DSR Data set ready
4 RTS Request to send (handshake)
5 CTS Clear to send (handshake)
22 Ring indicator

For connecting a TRM-700 with a PC, always use a 1:1 cable.

6.10 Power Supply Connector: Pin-Outs

Front view:
Pin: Designation
Outer Earth
Middle +12 VDC / +24 VDC
Inner 0V

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7 Specifications
Function: Radio modem
Serial interface: RS-232, optionally RS-485
Bit rate: 2400 - 19200 bps
Protocol: ASCII,
3964R,
transparent
timeout (any one; user programmable)

Radio network topology: Point-to-point (master-slave),

point-to-multiple-points (master-to-multiple-slaves),
or peer-to-peer (multiple points, no master)

Frequency: 403 - 470 MHz (UHF)

Channel occupation: Continuous transmitting or time-slot method
RF power output (UHF): 100 mW to 4 W
Supply voltage: 12 - 24 VDC
Operating temperature: -20 to +70 °C (ambient)
Housing: Coated aluminium with plastic sides. DIN rail
mounting. Conforms to per DIN 43880
Dimensions: Approx. 162 mm x 80 mm x 62 mm (without BNC
plug and plug-in terminal block)

V3.6 E Page 58