RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology
Department of Architecture
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter contains the information and methods used in the
research. This chapter also deals with the research design, population and
sample of the study, instruments, data collection procedure and statistical
treatment of the data which are used to identify some techniques to the
aspects of the proposed project.
Research Method and Design
Research design is a set of techniques and methods used to collect
and analyze data that are defined to address the research problem, while
the research method is a systematic plan to collect and analyze the
necessary data. The descriptive survey method was used as a primary
method to present the data which helped give an informative approach
towards the study. In survey method research, participants answer
questions administered through interviews or questionnaires. After
participants answer the questions, researchers describe the responses
given. In order for the survey to be both reliable and valid it is important
that the questions are constructed properly. Questions should be written
so they are clear and easy to comprehend. Both qualitative and
quantitative designs were applied to the interview and survey, respectively.
Population Frame and Sampling Scheme
MODERNO: Lifestyle Center and Vertical Residences in Quezon City
A Modern and Biophilic Architecture Approach
Page 1
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology
Department of Architecture
A purposive sampling was done and used the residents of Quezon
City as the respondents. The Quezon City has over 2.9M residents based
on the National Statistics Office of the Philippines and National Statistical
Coordination Board. By applying Slovin’s Formula, the study will have a
total of 400 respondents.
Description of the Respondents
The proposed project is committed to the users, residents,
employees, tourists, and investors. The main respondents of this research
are the residents and employees that are working in the City of Quezon
and the business man and investors to provide the schemes of the
proposed project.
Research instruments used
Research instruments were materials used to gather the information
necessary in the proposed project. Using these instruments, the researcher
was able to understand the problem and come up with a design solution.
The Survey is where the researcher is capable in gathering and
obtaining information from large samples of population. Surveys also well
suited to gathering demographic data that describe the composition of the
sample. A survey research method is adopted to address the research
questions, using the questionnaire as the main instrument. Survey data
was thus obtained through pre-determined questions that were made
through “Google Forms” using internet as a medium.
MODERNO: Lifestyle Center and Vertical Residences in Quezon City
A Modern and Biophilic Architecture Approach
Page 2
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology
Department of Architecture
The Interviews is where the researcher specifically used the
structured type of interview which the researcher gave a set of ready
questionnaire to ask the respondent about the specific kind of problem,
because of this the researcher able to gain fact about the specific
problems. The validity of the Interview is proven because persons who are
interview are the one who’s an expert or authorized person regarding a
specific field.
Data Gathering Procedures
There are different gathering procedures that were used by the
researcher as a guide to handle this chaotic data mining, the following are
the basic procedures used:
Data Mining
One of the procedures was to gather data from the specific
departments, government offices and some trusted sites from the internet.
Existing and other related case studies from those concerned departments
helped the research to be more concrete by means of legit information from
those departments and offices.
Interviews
One of the benefits that the researcher got from this process was it
can actually gather raw and reliable data direct from subjects. The oral
investigation that the researcher presented to the residents, employees,
government officials of Quezon City and tourists was the face to face and
online interviews.
MODERNO: Lifestyle Center and Vertical Residences in Quezon City
A Modern and Biophilic Architecture Approach
Page 3
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology
Department of Architecture
Observation
An analysis of embodied lived experience before empirical data are
collected via self-inspection and reflection of own experience. This is
considered necessary as all empirical data are regarded as being
reductions and objectifications.
Surveys
This procedure is as important as the other procedures, it is a way to
gather more data and information that is necessary to the proposed project.
The researcher provided a questionnaire to address the research questions
that is related to the study and distributed it online. This form of method is
capable of collecting information from large population of sample and this
method is also convenient for the researcher and the respondent.
Existing Data
The researcher will use existing data, case studies and other related
projects that are necessary and can be used in the study like books,
journals, magazines, internet and other mediums in collecting data.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The data was tabulated and solved using the mean, median, mode
and slovin’s formula to determine the sample population size that the
project will cater.
Slovin’s Formula
A sampling was done to gather the survey results of the project. The
slovin’s formula was used to determine the number of respondents of the
MODERNO: Lifestyle Center and Vertical Residences in Quezon City
A Modern and Biophilic Architecture Approach
Page 4
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology
Department of Architecture
survey. This statistical formula was used to get the numbers of sample from
Quezon City (source: National Statistics Office of the Philippines and
National Statistical Coordination Board) and is used to narrow down the
number of the respondent’s population.
The population of Quezon City was used as the N and a margin of
error of 5% was used. The total number of population is 2,936,116.
Applying to the formula below, the result of which the researcher needs to
survey is 400 respondents within Quezon City.
Formula: n = N / (1+Ne2)
Where:
n is the sample size
N is the population size
e is the margin of error
N = 2,936,116 / population of Quezon City (2015)
e = 5%
n = N / (1+Ne2)
n = 2,936,116 / (1+2,936,116 * 0.052)
n= 399.9 or 400 respondents
Mean Formula
MODERNO: Lifestyle Center and Vertical Residences in Quezon City
A Modern and Biophilic Architecture Approach
Page 5
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology
Department of Architecture
Mean formula implies average and it is the sum of a set of data
divided by the number of data. Mean can prove to be an effective tool when
comparing different sets of data.
Where:
∑ represents the summation
X represents observations
N represents the number of observations
Median Formula
Median is the middle value when the data is arranged in numerical
order. It is another effective tool to compare different sets of data,
If the total number of observations (n) is an odd number, then the formula
is given below:
If the total number of the observations (n) is an even number, then the
formula is given below:
Mode Formula
MODERNO: Lifestyle Center and Vertical Residences in Quezon City
A Modern and Biophilic Architecture Approach
Page 6
RIZAL TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology
Department of Architecture
Mode formula is the value that appears the most. A given set of data
can contain more than one mode, or it can contain no mode at all.
MODERNO: Lifestyle Center and Vertical Residences in Quezon City
A Modern and Biophilic Architecture Approach
Page 7