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39 views36 pages

HTML

Uploaded by

Sarun Raj
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

4

Introduction to HTML

4.1 INTRODUCTION
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is used to create document
on the World Wide Web. It is simply a collection of certain key
words called ‘Tags’ that are helpful in writing the document to be
displayed using a browser on Internet.
It is a platform independent language that can be used on any
platform such as Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and so on. To
display a document in web it is essential to mark-up the different
elements (headings, paragraphs, tables, and so on) of the
document with the HTML tags. To view a mark-up document,
user has to open the document in a browser. A browser
understands and interpret the HTML tags, identifies the structure
of the document (which part are which) and makes decision about
presentation (how the parts look) of the document.
HTML also provides tags to make the document look attractive
using graphics, font size and colors. User can make a link to the
other document or the different section of the same document
by creating Hypertext Links also known as Hyperlinks.

4.2 OBJECTIVES
After going through this lesson, you would be able to :
72 :: Certificate in Web Designing

l create, save and view a HTML document

l format a web page using section heading tags

l describe Ordered and Unordered lists

l explain graphics in HTML document

l describe hypertext links and making text/image links

4.3 CREATING, SAVING AND VIEWING A HTML


DOCUMENT

4.3.1 Creating a HTML document


The essential tags that are required to create a HTML document
are:

l <HTML>.............</HTML>

l <HEAD>.............</HEAD>

l <BODY>.............</BODY> Starting
Tag

l HTML Tag <HTML>

The <HTML> tag encloses all other HTML tags and associated text
within your document. It is an optional tag. You can create an
HTML document that omits these tags, and your browser can still
read it and display it. But it is always a good form to include the
start and stop tags.

The format is:

<HTML>

Your Title and Document (contains text with HTML tags) goes here

</HTML>

Most HTML tags have two parts, an opening tag and closing tag.
The closing tag is the same as the opening tag, except for the slash
Introduction to HTML:: 73

mark e.g </HTML>. The slash mark is always used in closing tags.

An HTML document has two distinct parts HEAD and BODY.

The Format is:

<HTML>

<HEAD>
.............
.............
.............
</HEAD>

<BODY>
.............
.............
.............
Closing
</BODY> Opening
Tag Tag
</HTML>

l HEAD Tag <HEAD>


HEAD tag comes after the HTML start tag. It contains TITLE tag
to give the document a title that displays on the browsers title bar
at the top.

The Format is:

<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Your title goes here
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
74 :: Certificate in Web Designing

l BODY Tag <BODY>

The BODY tag contains all the text and graphics of the document
with all the HTML tags that are used for control and formatting
of the page.

The Format is:

<BODY>

Your Document goes here

</BODY>

An HTML document, web page can be created using a text editor,


Notepad or WordPad. All the HTML documents should have the
extension .htm or .html. It require a web browser like Internet
Explorer or Netscape Navigator/Communicator to view the
document.

Example: It is my first web page

Follow the steps to create and view in browser:

Step-1: Open text editor Notepad (click on Start→ All


Programs→ Accessories→Notepad)

Step-2: Enter the following lines of code:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
My first Page
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
WELCOME TO MY FIRST WEB PAGE
</BODY>
</HTML>
Introduction to HTML:: 75

Step-3: Save the file as [Link] (go to File-Save As-


give File name: [Link]-choose save as type:
All Files-click save)

Step-4: Viewing document in web browser (open Internet


Explorer-click on File-Open-Browse-select the file
[Link]-click open-click ok)

Fig. 4.1 : Creating and Saving the HTML


document using Notepad
76 :: Certificate in Web Designing

Fig : 4.2 Viewing HTML document


[Link] in browser

Attributes used with <BODY>


Ø BGCOLOR: used to set the background color for the
document

Example:

<BODY BGCOLOR="yellow">

Your document text goes here.

</BODY>

Ø TEXT: used to set the color of the text of the document

Example:

<BODY TEXT="red">
Introduction to HTML:: 77

Document text changed to red color

</BODY>

Ø MARGINS: set the left hand/right hand margin of the


document

Ø LEFTMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document

Example:

<BODY LEFTMARGIN="60">

This document is indented 60 pixels from the left hand side


of the page.

</BODY>

Ø TOPMARGIN: set the left hand margin of the document

Example:

<BODY TOPMARGIN="60">

This document is indented 60 pixels from the top of the page.

</BODY>

Ø BACKGROUND: It is used to point to an image file (the files


with an extension .gif, .jpeg) that will be used as the
background of the document. The image file will be tiled
across the document.

Example:

<BODY BACKGROUND="[Link]">

Your document text goes here

</BODY>

Example: An HTML document [Link] that shows the use of


attributes with the <BODY> tag
78 :: Certificate in Web Designing

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Attributes with the Body Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODYBACKGROUND="[Link]" text="blue"
TOPMARGIN ="75"
LEFTMARGIN="75">
Your document text will be indented 75 pixels from the
left hand and 75 pixels from the top of the page. The
background image [Link] will be tiled across the
document. Your image and HMTL document should
present at the same place.
</BODY>
</HTML>

Fig. 4.3 : Viewing HTML document [Link] in browser


Introduction to HTML:: 79

Container and Empty Tags


All HTML tags are enclosed in angle brackets ‘<’ and ‘>’ i.e.
Opening Tag: <HTML> and closing tag: </HTML> same as
opening tag except a / (slash) mark. Tags are not case-sensitive
i.e. there is no difference in small and capital letters in tags.

There are two types of tags:

1. Container Tags: Tags which have both the opening and


closing i.e. <TAG> and </TAG> are called container tags.
They hold the text and other HTML tags in between the
tags. The <HTML>, <HEAD>, <TITLE> and <BODY> tags
are all container tags.

Example:

<TAG> this is a container tag. It holds both the text and


HTML tag </TAG>

2. Empty Tags: Tags, which have only opening and no ending,


are called empty tags. The <HR>, which is used to draw
Horizontal, rule across the width of the document, and line
break <BR> tags are empty tags.

INTEXT QUESTION
1. Write True or False for the following:

(a) The HTML language is used to create document on


the World Wide Web.

(b) Head part of a web page should the <TITLE> tag.

(c) HTML is a platform dependent language.

(d) HEAD is a container tag.


80 :: Certificate in Web Designing

4.4 FORMATTING WEB PAGE

HTML tags used for formatting a web page are:

SECTION HEADING: <H1>.............<H6>

HTML has six header tags <H1>, <H2>...........<H6> used to specify


section headings. Text with header tags is displayed in larger and
bolder fonts than the normal body text by a web browser. Every
header leaves a blank line above and below it when displayed
in browser.

Example: An HTML document, [Link] shows the different


section headings

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Section Heading
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> This is Section Heading 1 </H1>
<H2> This is Section Heading 2 </H2>
<H3> This is Section Heading 3 </H3>
<H4> This is Section Heading 4 </H4>
<H5> This is Section Heading 5 </H5>
<H6> This is Section Heading 6 </H6>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Introduction to HTML:: 81

Fig. 4.4 : Viewing HTML document


[Link] in browser

Some peculiarities about the web browser on viewing HTML


document text:-

Ø Browsers ignore extra space within HTML document

Browsers ignore any additional space you type, and


compress the text as if the space did not exist. For
Example: You can have text "My First Page"
in HTML document but in browser it display, "My First
Page".

Ø Browsers ignore your extra line and paragraph breaks

Generally you press enter when you want to create line and
paragraph breaks, but they won’t show up when you view
the document in browser.

In order to control your paragraph and line breaks, <P> and


<BR> tags are used.
82 :: Certificate in Web Designing

Using paragraph tag: <P>


This tag <P> indicates a paragraph, used to separate two
paragraphs with a blank line.

Example:

<P> Welcome to the world of HTML </P>

<P> First paragraph.

Text of First paragraph goes here </P>

Output:

Welcome to the world of HTML

First paragraph. Text of First paragraph goes here

Here, two paragraphs are separated with a line. But web browser
ignores the line breaks in the second paragraph that can be
controlled by putting <BR> tag.

Using Line Break Tag: <BR>


The empty tag <BR> is used, where the text needs to start from
a new line and not continue on the same line. To get every
sentence on a new line, it is necessary to use a line break.

Example:

<BODY>
National Institute of Open Schooling <BR>
B-31B, Kailash Colony <BR>
New Delhi-110048

</BODY>

Output:

National Institute of Open Schooling


B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-110048
Introduction to HTML:: 83

Using Preformatted Text Tag: <PRE>


<PRE> tag can be used, where it requires total control over
spacing and line breaks such as typing a poem. Browser
preserves your space and line break in the text written inside the
tag.

Example:
<PRE>
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-110048

</PRE>

Output:

National Institute of Open Schooling


B-31B, Kailash Colony
New Delhi-110048

Example: An HTML document [Link] shows the use of <P>,


<BR> and <PRE>

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Paragraph, Line break and preformatted text Tag
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
HTML Tutorial
<P>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
</P
<P>
84 :: Certificate in Web Designing

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.<BR>


It is used for creating web page. It is very simple<BR>
and easy to learn.<BR>
</P>
<PRE>
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language
It is used for creating web page. It is very simple
and easy to learn.
</PRE>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Fig. 4.5
Introduction to HTML:: 85

Using Horizontal Rule Tag: <HR>


An empty tag <HR> basically used to draw lines and horizontal
rules. It can be used to separate two sections of text.

Example:

<BODY>

Your horizontal rule goes here. <HR>

The rest of the text goes here.

</BODY>

Output:

Your horizontal rule goes here.

The rest of the text goes here.

<HR> accepts following attributes:

Ø SIZE: Determines the thickness of the horizontal rule. The


value is given as a pixel value.

Example: <HR SIZE="3">

Ø WIDTH: Specifies an exact width of HR in pixels, or a


relative width as percentage of the document width.

Example: <HR WIDTH="50%">, horizontal rule a width a 50


percent of the page width.

Ø ALIGN: Set the alignment of the rule to LEFT, RIGHT and


CENTER. It is applicable if it is not equal to width of the
page.

Ø NOSHADE: If a solid bar is required, this attribute is used;


it specifies that the horizontal rule should not be shaded
at all.

Ø COLOR: Set the color of the Horizontal rule.

Example: <HR COLOR="BLUE">


86 :: Certificate in Web Designing

Example of <HR> with its attribute:

<HR ALIGN=''CENTER'' WIDTH=''50%'' SIZE=''3" NOSHADE


COLOR="BLUE">

Character Formatting Tags


The character formatting tags are used to specify how a particular
text should be displayed on the screen to distinguish certain
characters within the document.

The most common character formatting tags are:

§ Boldface <B>: displays text in BOLD


Example: Welcome to the <B> Internet World </B>
Output: Welcome to the Internet World

§ Italics <I>: displays text in Italic


Example: Welcome to the <I> Internet World </I>
Output: Welcome to the Internet World

§ Subscript <SUB>: displays text in Subscript

§ Superscript <SUP>: displays text in Superscript

§ Small <SMALL>: displays text in smaller font as compared


to normal font

§ Big <BIG>: displays text in larger font as compared to


normal font

§ Font Colors and Size:<FONT>

By using <FONT> Tag one can specify the colors, size of the
text.

Example: <FONT> Your text goes here </FONT>

Attributes of <FONT> are:

Ø COLOR: Sets the color of the text that will appear on the
screen. It can be set by giving the value as #rr0000 for red
Introduction to HTML:: 87

(in RGB hexadecimal format), or by name.


Example: <FONT COLOR="RED"> Your text goes here </
FONT>
Ø SIZE: Sets the size of the text, takes value between 1 and
7, default is 3. Size can also be set relative to default size
for example; SIZE=+X, where X is any integer value and it
will add with the default size.
Example: <FONT SIZE=5> Font Size changes to 5 </FONT>
<FONT SIZE=+2> Font Size changes to 5 i.e. default size (3)
±2</FONT>
Ø FACE: Sets the normal font type, provided it is installed on
the user’s machine.
Example: <FONT FACE="ARIAL"> the text will be displayed
in Arial</FONT>

Example: An HTML document [Link] shows the use of


Character Formatting Tags.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Use of Character Formatting Text Tags
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1><I> Welcome to the world of Internet</I></H1>
It is a
<FONT COLOR="BLUE" SIZE="4">
<U>Network of Networks</U>
</FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
88 :: Certificate in Web Designing

Fig. 4.6 : Viewing HTML document [Link] in browser

Using Some Special Characters


There are certain special characters that can be used while
creating document.

Following are some special character:

Symbols Entity
©, ® &copy, &reg
¼, ½, ¾ &frac14, &frac12, &frac34
÷, <, >, ≤,≥ &divide, &lt, &gt, &le, &ge
& &amp
♣♠♥ &spades, &clubs, &hearts

All these special character must be ended with a semicolon;

Example: <PRE>
The copyright symbol is: &COPY;
The registered rank is: &REG;
</PRE>
Introduction to HTML:: 89

Output: The copyright symbol is:©


The registered rank is:®

4.5 USING LIST IN WEB PAGE


HTML Supports several ways of arranging items in lists. The most
commonly used are:
• Ordered List (Numbered List)
• Unordered List (Bulleted List)
Ordered List <OL>
Ordered list also called as Numbered list, is used to present a
numbered list of item in the order of importance or the item
(paragraph) is marked with a number.

An ordered list must begin with the <OL> followed by an <LI>


list item tag.

Example: An HTML document [Link] shows the use of


Ordered List

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
An Ordered List
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1><U> Various Terms Used In Internet</U></H1>
<OL>
<LI> WWW-World Wide Web
<LI> URL-Uniform Resource Locator
<LI> HTTP-Hypertext Transfer Protocol
<LI> FTP-File Transfer Protocol
<LI> HTML-Hypertext Markup Language
</OL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
90 :: Certificate in Web Designing

Fig. 4.7 : Viewing HTML document [Link] in browser

Attributes of <OL> tag:


Ø COMPACT: render a list in compact form.

Ø TYPE : allows marking list items with different types. By


default the list Item markers are set to numbers 1,2,3… so
on.

Other values of TYPE attribute are:

Attribute Description
Type = A Capital letter eg. A, B, C………
Type = a Small letter eg. a, b, c,………
Type = I Uppercase Roman Numbers eg. I, II, III……
Type = i Lowercase Roman Numbers eg. i, ii, iii……
Type = 1 eg. 1, 2, 3………….
Introduction to HTML:: 91

Ø START: used for lists that need to start at values other than
1. START always specified in default numbers, and is
completed based on TYPE before display, For example, If
START =5 it would display either an ‘E’, ‘e’, ‘V’, ‘v’, or ‘5’
based an TYPE attribute.

Nested Order List

One ordered list might contain one or more ordered list that is
called as Nested Order lists.

Example: An HTML document [Link] shows the use of Nested


Order Lists with attributes.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Use of Nested Ordered Lists</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<OL TYPE = A START =3>
<LI> Fruits
<OL TYPE = I>
<LI> Apple
<LI> MANGO
<LI> Orange
</OL>
<LI> VEGETABLES
<OL TYPE = I>
<LI> Brinjal
<LI> Cabbage
<LI> Tomato
</OL>
</OL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
92 :: Certificate in Web Designing

Fig. 4.8 : Displaying Nested Ordered Lists with


attributes in browser

Unordered List <UL>

Unordered List also called as bulleted list, used to present list


of items marked with bullets. An unordered list starts with in <UL>
followed by <LI> (List Item) tag. Use of <UL> is very similar to <OL>
(ordered list).

Example: Use of Unordered List and Various Attributes

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Use of Unordered List </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<UL>
<LI> FRUITS
<UL>
Introduction to HTML:: 93

<LI> Apple
<LI> Mango
<LI> Orange
</UL>
<LI> VEGETABLE
<UL>
<LI> Brinjal
<LI> Cabbage
<LI> Tomato
</UL>
</UL>
</BODY>

</HTML>

Fig. 4.9 : Displaying Unordered Lists in browser

The unordered list also used the attributes COMPACT and TYPE
= CIRCLE or DISC (filled Circle used as a bullet)
94 :: Certificate in Web Designing

INTEXT QUESTION
2. Write True or False for the following:

(a) <break> is a line break tag.

(b) HTML has seven header tags <H1>..........<H7>

(c) The <ULS> tag is used for bulleted, unordered list.

(d) Special characters are not supported by HTML.

(e) Ordered list can be nested.

4.6 USING GRAPHICS IN WEB PAGE <IMG>


Images can be placed in a web page by using <IMG> tag. There
are many image formats available today, but the most widely used
among them are gif and jpeg. The gif format is considered
superior to the jpeg format for its clarity and ability to maintain
the originality of an image without lowering its quality. Using tools
such as GIF constructor or Adobe Photoshop images can be
created.

It is an empty tag (only start tag, no end tag) and is written as:

<IMG SRC = image_URL>

SRC – Source of the image file

image_URL – represents the image file with its location.

Example: <IMG SRC=[Link]

Here, image_URL =[Link] it means image is


available in the Hard Drive C: on the local hard disk.

Example: <IMG SRC =[Link]


images/[Link]>

Here image _URL is = [Link]


[Link]. The image [Link], is taken from the images
directory of Planning Commission Web Server ‘Planningcomm-
[Link]’.
Introduction to HTML:: 95

If the location of the image and web page are in the same place
in the same directory/path then it is simply written <IMG
SRC=[Link]>

This SRC attribute is mandatory for the <IMG> tag.

Other attributes used with <IMG> are: -


q ALIGN
q HEIGHT AND WIDTH
q VSPACE and HSPACE
q ALT
q BORDER
ALIGN: used to set the alignment of the text adjacent to the
image. It takes the following values:

l ALIGN = LEFT - Displays image on left side and the


subsequent text flows around the right hand side of that
image

l ALIGN = RIGHT - Displays the image on the right side and


the subsequent text flows around the left hand side of that
image

l ALIGN = TOP - Aligns the text with the top of the image

l ALIGN = MIDDLE - Aligns the text with the middle of the


image

l ALIGN=BOTTOM - Aligns the text with the bottom of the


image

By default, the text is aligned with the bottom of the image

Example: Using <IMG> tag with attributes


96 :: Certificate in Web Designing

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Use of IMG Tag With its ALIGN Attribute</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<P>
<IMG SRC=[Link] ALIGN=TOP>
Aligns the text with the Top of the image
</P>
<P>
<IMG SRC=[Link] ALIGN=MIDDLE>
Aligns the text with the Middle of the image
</P>
<P>
<IMG SRC=[Link] ALIGN=LEFT>
Displays image on left side and the subsequent text flows
around the right hand side of that image. Displays image
on left side and the subsequent text flows around the
right hand side of that image. Displays image on left side
and the subsequent text flows around the right hand side
of that image.
</P>
<P>
<IMG SRC=[Link] ALIGN=RIGHT>

Displays image on right side and the subsequent text flows


around the left hand side of that image. Displays image
on right side and the subsequent text flows around the left
hand side of that image.
</P>
</BODY>

</HTML>
Introduction to HTML:: 97

Fig. 4.10 : Displaying Image with its attributes in browser

HEIGHT and WIDTH


Height and Width of an image can be controlled by using the
HEIGHT and WIDTH attributes in the <IMG> tag as follows:

Example: <IMG SRC= [Link] HEIGHT=320 WIDTH=240>

HSPACE and VSPACE


White space around an image can be provided by using HSPACE
(Horizontal Space) and VSPACE (Vertical Space) attributes of the
<IMG> tag. These attributes provide the space in pixels.

Example: <IMG SRC=[Link] VSPACE=30 HSPACE=25>


98 :: Certificate in Web Designing

ALT (Alternative Text)


This attribute is used to give alternative text that can be displayed
in place of the image. This is required when the user needs to
stop display of images while retrieving a document in order to
make the retrieval faster, or when the browser does not support
graphics. It is also used a tool tips – displaying description of the
image when the mouse is over the image.

Example: <IMG SRC=[Link] ALT = "NOSLogo">

BORDER
Border around the image can be controlled by using BORDER
attribute of <IMG> tag. By default image displays with a thin
border. To change the thickness or turn the border off, the value
in pixels should set to BORDER attribute.

Example: <IMG SRC=[Link] BORDER=0>


BORDER =0 to Turn the Border off

Example: <IMG SRC=[Link] BORDER=3>


BORDER=3 to make the border thickness to 3

Example: Showing the use of Image Attributes


<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Use of Image Attributes </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<IMG SRC=[Link] HSPACE=5 VSPACE=5 BORDER=5 ALT=NOS-
LOGO ALIGN=LEFT>
National Institute of Open Schooling. National Institute of Open Schooling.
National Institute of Open Schooling. National Institute of Open Schooling.
National Institute of Open Schooling. National Institute of Open Schooling
</BODY>
</HTML>
Introduction to HTML:: 99

Fig. 4.11 : Displaying Image with its attributes in browser

Understanding Image Maps


Image Maps as, the name suggests, means mapping/linking to
different URL’s different portion of one image. Clicking on a
portion of an image, one can jump to the link connected with that
part.

For example: Different areas in the map of India may be linked


to the URL of website of the respective states.

Position of an image that acts as a link to different URL can be of


different shapes and sizes depending on one choice. Possible
shapes are circle, oval, rectangle, polygon and point. Image maps
are widely used in Web pages. They are mainly used with
geographic maps, organization charts, drawing of multi-
component structures and so on. Best view in the site: http://
[Link]. An image map can be created by
using Image Mapping Software MapThis. The software can be
freely downloadable from [Link]
Web_Authoring/Image_Mapping_Tools/[Link]
100 :: Certificate in Web Designing

4.7 WORKING WITH LINKS: <A> ANCHOR TAG


Web pages are linked to one another through Hypertext Links.
Section of text or image in the HTML document can be linked to
an external document or to a specific place within the same
document. The text or image that provides such linkage is known
as Hypertext or Hotspot.

HTML provides <A> Anchor Tag to create links. The format of


using anchor tag is as follows:

<A HREF ="URL"> Make Me The Link </A>

HREF (Hyper Link Reference) is a mandatory attribute used to refer


the URL of the resource. URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is an
address tells the browser about the file to link to. It identifies file
locations (Addresses) on the web or on the local hard drive. These
addresses can be those of HTML documents or elements such
as images, scripts, applets and other files. It is always enclosed
in quotes.

Linking a text to a web site / an external document

Example:

<A HREF ="[Link] to Website of NIOS</A>

OR

<A HREF="[Link] to Contact Us page of NIOS</A>

Opening Address of the document Link text Closing Anchor Tag


Anchor Tag

In the above example the link text “Links to Contact Us page of


NIOS” would appear underlined and in a color different from any
other text in the document to distinguish a link from normal text.
Also you would find that the mouse pointer changes into a hand
like symbol when taken over the hyperlink.

Linking an image to web site


An image can be linked to a web site or HTML document.
Introduction to HTML:: 101

Example:

<A HREF ="[Link] SRC=[Link]


BORDER=3></A>

Linking (jumping) to a specific place within the same


document
Sometimes, it is required to jump different sections in the same
document. For this it needs two steps, first; identify section with
a name and or second; use jumps to the location using the name
used.

The syntax is:

1. <A HREF="#section_name"> link to another section of the


same document </A>

This link text jumps to the section named with HREF on click.
The # symbol before the section name is must.

2. <A NAME="section_name"> Beginning of the section </A>

The NAME attribute is used to identify a section with a name. It


is a unique identifier within the document for the anchor.

One can also jump to a specific section of different document


specifying the path on HREF attribute.

Example:

Within the same document: <A HREF="#section_name">


Same folder, but different document: <AHREF="document.
html#section_name">
Different folder, different document:<A HREF="folder/
document. html#section_name">

A different server:
<A HREF="[Link]
#section_name>

Example: Use of Anchor Tag


102 :: Certificate in Web Designing

<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE> Use of Anchor Tag</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
<H2 align=''center''><U><FONT COLOR=''BLUE''>National Institute of Open
Schooling</FONT> </U></H2>
<A HREF=''[Link] SRC=''[Link]'' alt=''NIOSLOGO''
align=''left''></A>
The success of open learning and distance education very much depends on
the harnessing of the new and latest technology. The emerging Internet and
Web Technology helps in effective dissemination of information. The web site is
a demand source of latest information. One can access NIOS website by
clicking on <A
HREF="[Link] >[Link] OR on Clicking
NIOS logo <p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>
<p><b><i><u>Internet and Web Technology</u></i></b></p>
<p><FONT COLOR="BLUE">Various Terms used in Internet are:</FONT>
<br>

1. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) <br>


2. WWW (World Wide Web)<br>
3. <A HREF=''#site''>Web site</A> (Linking within the document) <br>
4. Web page <br>
5. URL(Uniform Resource Locator)<br>
6. HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)<br>
7. Hyperlink
</P>
<P></P><P></P><P></P>
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) <hr align=''left'' width=''24%'' noshade>
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), Language used to create document on
the World Wide Web. It is simply a collection of certain key words called Tags
that helps to write the document. <p><strong>click<a href=''http://
[Link]/wiki/Html''> [Link] to read
more</strong> </p><p></p> WWW(World Wide Web<hr align=''left''
width=''17%'' noshade> <p>The <B>World Wide Web</B> (''<B>WWW</B>'' or
simply the ''<B>Web</B>'') is an information space in which the items of
interest, referred to as resources, are identified by global identifiers called
Introduction to HTML:: 103

Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs). The term is often mistakenly used as a


synonym for the Internet, but the Web is actually a service that operates <I>over</
I> the Internet.</p>
<p><strong>click</strong><a href=''[Link]
<strong>[Link] to read more</
strong>
</p><p></p><p></p>
Web site <hr align=''left'' width=''6%'' noshade>
<A NAME=''site''>A website, web site or WWW site </A>(often shortened to just site)
is a collection of web pages, typically common to a particular domain name or sub-
domain on the World Wide Web on the Internet.

</BODY>

</HTML>

Fig. 4.12 : Display of an example using Anchor Tag <A> in


Browser
104 :: Certificate in Web Designing

INTEXT QUESTION
3. Fill in the blanks:
(a) HTML _____________ a web page to include an image.
(b) Web pages are linked to another through__________
links.
(c) _______________ tag is used to add images to HTML
documents.
(d) Border around the image can be controlled by using
___________ attribute of image tag.

4.8 WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNT


In this lesson you learnt how to create a HTML document. There
are three essential tags for creating a HTML document, namely,
HTML tag, HEAD tag and BODY tag. In addition, you learnt how
to format a webpage using section heading tags, hyperlinks,
graphics in HTML document and image links.

4.9 TERMINAL QUESTIONS


1. Create a HTML file for the following web page as shown in
figure:
Introduction to HTML:: 105

2. Write a HTML file to create the following web page:

3. What is the tag that is used to place images in a web page?


Give five attributes that you can associate with this type of
tag. Define Image Maps.

4. Explain Hypertext links. What is the method to link a


specific place within the same document?

5. Create a HTML file for the following web page:


106 :: Certificate in Web Designing

N.B: Image should be linked to [Link] The Text


Yahoo, Hotmail, Times of India, Hindustan times should link to
[Link]

[Link] [Link] and

[Link] respectively.

4.10 FEEDBACK TO INTEXT QUESTIONS

1. (a) True (b) True


(c) False (d) True
2. (a) True (b) False

(c) True (d) False


(e) True
3. (a) allows (b) Hypertext

(c) <IMG> (d) BORDER

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