Core Java Notes
Whats app number: 9632882052
Class:
1. Class helps us to create object.
2. Class will create object only when it receives request from new keyword.
new :
1. new keyword sends request to the class asking class to generate an object
2. Once the class has created an object new keyword will get the address of the object and will
store that in a special reference variable
Example 1:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
A a1 = new A();
A a2 = new A();
A a3 = new A();
[Link](a1);
[Link](a2);
[Link](a3);
Output:
A@7960847b
A@6a6824be
A@5c8da962
What is non static?
1. Non static members belongs to object. Whenever an object is created only non static member
gets loaded into the object.
Note: Static members never gets loaded into the object
Syntax to create an object:
ClassName variableName = new ClassName();
2. Non static members cannot be accessed / used without creating object
3. Every time we create an object. non static member will get loaded into it
Example 1:
public class A {
int i = 10;
public static void main(String[] args){
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
Output:
10
What are static members ?
1. These members belongs to the class
2. To access static members do not create an object
3. Static members are accessed directly with class name
4. When a member is made static it gets loaded into the common memory of class
5. If a member is static then it will get loaded into the common memory only once throughout the
program
Example:
public class A {
int i = 10;
static int j = 100;
public static void main(String[] args){
[Link](A.j);
}
//if we are not using new keyword in the program, its means that no Object is crated
Example 1:
public class A {
int i = 10;
static int j = 100;
public static void main(String[] args){
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
[Link](A.j);
Output:
10
100
Example 2:
public class A {
int i = 10;
int j = 100;
static int k = 500;
public static void main(String[] args){
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
[Link](a1.j);
[Link](A.k);
}
Output:
10
100
500
Example 3:
public class A {
int i = 10;
public static void main(String[] args){
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
A a2 = new A();
[Link](a2.i);
A a3 = new A();
[Link](a3.i);
//In the above program we are creating 3 objects, hence variable i will get loaded 3 times in the
object
Output:
10
10
10
Example 4:
public class A {
int i = 10;
static int j = 100;
public static void main(String[] args){
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
A a2 = new A();
[Link](a2.i);
A a3 = new A();
[Link](a3.i);
[Link](A.j);
Output:
10
10
10
100
Unary Operators in Java
1. POST INCREMENT (++): Here we increment the values of the variable by one when next time we
see the same variable in our program
Example 1:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = i++ + i++;
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
Output:
12
21
Example 2:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = i++ + i++ + i++;
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
Output:
13
33
Example 3:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = i++ + i++ + i++ + i++;
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
Output:
14
46
Example 4:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = i++ + i + i++ ;
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
Output:
12
32
Example 5:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 5;
int j = i + i++ + i + i++ ;
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
Output:
22
2. PRE INCREMENT: Here we increment the value of the variable in same step
Example 1:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = ++i + ++i;
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
Output:
12
23
Example 2:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = ++i + ++i + ++i;
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
Output:
13
36
Example 3:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = ++i + i + ++i;
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
Output:
12
34
Examples on post & pre increment together:
Example 1:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = ++i + i++;
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
Output:
12
22
Example 2:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = i++ + ++i + i++ + i++;
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
Output:
14
47
Example 3:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = i-- + i--;
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
Output:
19
Example 4:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = i++ + i-- + --i + ++i;
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
Output:
10
40
Example 5:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
[Link](i++);
[Link](++i);
[Link](--i);
[Link](i--);
[Link](i);
Output:
10
12
11
11
10
Example 6:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = i++ - ++i;
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
}
Output:
12
-2
Overview of methods:
1. Methods will execute only when we call it
Example 1:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
public void test(){
[Link](500);
Output:
500
Example 2:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
[Link]();
public static void test(){
[Link](500);
}
Output:
500
Types of Variables in Java
1. local variable
2. static variables
3. non static variables
4. reference variables
What are local variables:
1. Local variables are created inside a method
2. Local variables can be used only within created method
3. These variables are accessed directly with its name
4. Without initializing local variables if used then it will get you an error
Example 1:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
public void test(){
int i = 10;
[Link](i);
Output:
10
Note: never use static keyword to create a variable inside a method:
Example 2:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
public void test(){
static int i = 10;//Error
[Link](i);
Example 3:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
[Link](i);//Error
public void test(){
int i = 10;
[Link](i);
Output:
Error
Example 4:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
[Link](i);
Output:
10
Example 5:
Without initializing the variable if it is accessed then you would get an error
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i ;
[Link](i);
Output:
Error
What are static variables?
1. static variables are created outside all the methods but inside a class with static keyword
2. Static variables belongs to the class and can be used anywhere in the class
3. If we do not initialize static variables then automatically depending on the data type some
default value will get stored in it
Example 1:
public class A {
static int i = 10;
public static void main(String args[]) {
[Link](A.i);
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
public void test(){
[Link](A.i);
Output:
10
10
Example 2:
public class A {
static int i ; //0
public static void main(String args[]) {
[Link](A.i);
Output:
0
Example 3:
public class A {
static int i,j,k;
public static void main(String args[]) {
[Link](A.i);
[Link](A.j);
[Link](A.k);
Output:
What are non static variables ?
1. These variables are created outside all the methods but inside a class without using static
keyword
2. To access non static variables it is mandatory to create object
3. It is not mandatory to initialize non static variables, if we do not initialize then automatically
some default value will be stored in it
Example 1:
public class A {
int i = 10;
public static void main(String args[]) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
}
}
Output:
10
Example 2:
public class A {
int i ;
public static void main(String args[]) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
Output:
What are reference variables?
1. The main purpose of reference variable is to store objects address
2. The data type of a reference variable is class name
Syntax:
className variableName = new className();
Types of Reference variables:
1. Local reference variable:
a. These variables are created inside a method and should be used only within created method
Example 1:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
A a1 = new A();//Creating
[Link](a1);//Using in main
[Link]();//using in main
public void test(){
[Link](a1);//Outside the created method
Output:
/[Link]: error: cannot find symbol
[Link](a1);//Outside the created method
symbol: variable a1
location: class A
1 error
Example 2:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
A a1 ; //I am creating a reference vaiable here
[Link](a1);
Output:
/[Link]: error: variable a1 might not have been initialized
[Link](a1);
1 error
2. Static reference variable:
a. These variables are created outside all the methods but inside a class using static keyword
b. These variables can be used anywhere in the program
c. static reference variable by default will get initialized to null value if object is not created
Example 1:
public class A {
static A a1 = new A(); //Global visibility
public static void main(String args[]) {
[Link](a1);
[Link]();
public void test(){
[Link](a1);
Output:
A@7960847b
A@7960847b
Example 2:
public class A {
static A a1 ; //Global visibility
public static void main(String args[]) {
[Link](a1);
}
Output:
null
Data types in Java in Type casting
Data type Memory Size Default Value
byte 1 byte 0
short 2 bytes 0
int 4 bytes 0
long 8 bytes 0
float 4 bytes 0.0
double 8 bytes 0.0
boolean NA false
var(in JDK 1.10) NA NA
char 2 bytes Empty space
String (Class) Is Class Not A datatype null
Which data type I should use to store 10 digit mobile phone number?
Example 1:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
long mobilenumber = 9632882052L;
[Link](mobilenumber);
Output:
9632882052
Example :
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
float i = 10.3F;
[Link](i);
Output:
10.3
var datatype in java ?
a. var data type can store any kind of value in it
b. var data type cannot be static variable
c. var data type cannot be non static variable
Example 1:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
var i = true;
var j = "Pankaj";
var k = true;
var z = 10.3;
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
[Link](k);
[Link](z);
Output:
true
Pankaj
true
10.3
Example 2:
public class A {
static var i = 10;
public static void main(String args[]) {
Output:
[Link]: error: 'var' is not allowed here
static var i = 10;
1 error
Example 3:
public class A {
var i = 10;
public static void main(String args[]) {
Output:
[Link]: error: 'var' is not allowed here
var i = 10;
^
1 error
Note: Printing multiple values in java single print statement:
Example:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = 100;
[Link](i+" "+j);
Output:
10 100
Type Casting:
Process of converting a particular data type into required data type is called as type casting.
1. Auto Up casting:
a. converting smaller data type to bigger data type is called as auto up casting
b. During up casting if data loss happens then we would get an error
Example 1:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
long j = i;
[Link](j);
}
}
Output:
10
Example 2:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
long i = 10; //8 bytes
int j = i;
[Link](j);
Output:
Error because copying data from bigger memory to smaller memory is not an automated process
Example 3:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
float i = 10.3f; //4 bytes
double j = i;
[Link](j);
Output:
10.300000190734863
Example 4:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
float i = 10.3f; //4 bytes
long j = i;
[Link](j);
Output:
Error because during data copying .3 decimal value will be lost
2. Explicit Down casting:
a. Converting bigger data type to smaller data type is called as explicit down casting
b. During explicit down casting data loss might happen
Example 1:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
byte j = (byte)i;
[Link](j);
Example 2:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
long i = 10;
int j = (int)i;
[Link](j);
}
}
Output:
10
Example 3:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
double i = 10.3;
float j = (float)i;
[Link](j);
Output:
10.3
Example 4:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
float i = 10.3f;
int j = (int)i;
[Link](j);
Output:
10, in this case .3 value is lost and only integer part is copied in variable j
Example 5:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
float i = 10.3f;
long j = (long)i;
[Link](j);
Output:
10
Example 6:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
long i = 9632882052L;
int j = (int)i;
[Link](j);
Output:
1042947460
Extra examples on auto conversion:
Example 1:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 'b';
[Link](i);
Output: 98
Example 2:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 'ए';
[Link](i);
Output:
2319
Example 3:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 'அ';
[Link](i);
Output:
2949
Steps to install JDK:
Step 1: Download jdk 1.8 from oracle website
Step 2: Double click on .exe file and keep clicking on next button
Step 3: After installation you will see a folder created in the following path with the name java
C:\Program Files\Java
Steps to install eclipse:
Step 1: Download eclipse from Google
Note: ensure you are downloading eclipse for java ee
Step 2: Extract the zipped file and then click on [Link]
Note: you will get a pop up window with the name work space launcher. In this window you can
give the path where you want all you java projects being created in eclipse to be stored in you
computer
Step to Configure JDK with eclipse:
Step 1: In eclipse go to windows>> then preferences
Step 2: Type installed JRE
Step 3: Click on add button
Step 4: Select Standard VM and click on next
Step 5: Browse JRE home by clicking on directory button and select the following path on your
computer:
C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144
Step 6: Click on finish and select the check box JDK 1.8 and click okay and close
Steps to create Java Project in eclipse:
Step 1: Go to file>> new >> Select Project
Step 2: In the wizards type java, then select java project and click on next and give project name
example: app1
Steps to create Java class in Java Project
Step 1: In src folder of your project right click and select class
Step 2: Give class Name example: A and click on finish
Shortcuts in eclipse:
1. type main and then press control + space bar+enter
2. Syso then press control + space bar
Methods in Java
Rules to develop methods:
Rule 1: Execution of the program in java starts from opening bracket of main method
Rule 2: When a method calling statement executes, control is transferred to the matching method
Rule 3: When closing bracket of user defined method runs, control is transferred back to the
matching calling statement
Rule 4: When closing bracket of main method runs the complete program execution would stop
Example 1:
package methods_example_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {//Rule 1
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();//Rule 2
}//Rule 4 STOP the program execution
public void test() {//Control Come Here
[Link](100);//NO Rule
}//rule 3
Output:
100
Example 2:
package methods_example_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {//Rule 1 START
[Link](5);//No Rule
A a1 = new A();//NO Rule
[Link]();//Rule 2
[Link](10);//No Rule
}//Rule 4
public void test() {//COmes here
[Link](100);//No Rule
Output:
100
10
Example 3:
package methods_example_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {//Rule 1 STARTS
A a1 = new A();//NO Rule
a1.test1();//Rule 2
a1.test2();//Rule 2
}//Rule 4 STOPS
public void test1() {//Comes Here
[Link](5);//No Rule
}//Rule 3
public void test2() {//Comes here
[Link](10);//No Rule
}//Rule 3
Output:
5
10
Example 4:
package methods_example_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {//Rule 1 STARTS HERE
A.test1();//Rule 2
A.test2();//Rule 2
}//Rule 4
public static void test1() {//Comes here
[Link](5);//No Rule Applied
}//Rule 3
public static void test2() {//Comes Here
[Link](10);//No Rule
}//Rule 3
}
Output:
5
10
Example 5
package methods_example_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {//Rule STARTS HERE
A.test1();//Rule 2
}//Rule 4 STOPS
public static void test1() {//Comes here
[Link](5);//No Rule
A a1 = new A();//No Rule
a1.test2();//Rule 2
}//Rule 3
public void test2() {//Comes here
[Link](100);//No Rule
}//Rule 3
}
Output:
5
100
Example 6:
package methods_example_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {//Rule 1 STARTS HERE
[Link](10);//NO Rule
A a1 = new A();//NO Rule
a1.test1();// Rule 2
[Link](15);// NO Rule
A a2 = new A();// No Rule
a2.test1();//Rule 2
}//Rule 4 STOPS
public void test1() {
[Link](50);// NO Rule
}//Rule 3
}
Output:
10
50
15
50
Example 7:
void: when a method is void then it means that the method cannot return any
value
package methods_example_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
int i = [Link]();
[Link](i);
}
public void test() {
return 500;
}
}
Output:
Error, because void methods cannot return any value
Example 8:
For a method to return value it should not be void as shown in the below
program
package methods_example_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
int i = [Link]();
[Link](i);
}
public int test() {
return 500;
}
Output:
500
Note: Control + 1
Example 9:
package methods_example_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
char i = [Link]();
[Link](i);
}
public char test() {
return 'a';
}
}
Output:
Example 10:
package methods_example_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
double i = [Link]();
[Link](i);
public double test() {
return 10.3;
Output:
10.3
Example 11:
package methods_example_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
String i = [Link]();
[Link](i);
}
public String test() {
return "Pankaj Sir Academy";
Output:
Pankaj Sir Academy
What is the difference between using only "return" keyword in method and
using " return value" keyword
1. we can use only "return" keyword in void methods. return keyword in void
methods helps us to return the control back to the calling statement. Using
return keyword in void methods is optional
Example 1:
package methods_example_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
public void test() {
return;//We are returning the control back to the calling
statement
Note: After return keyword if we write any java code then that code will
never execute. Such java code will give us an error "Unreachable" statement
Example 2:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
public void test(){
return;
[Link](100);//Never Execute
Output:
Error
Example 3:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
public void test(){
[Link](100);//Never Execute
return;
Output:
100
Example 4:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
int i = [Link]();
[Link](i);
public int test(){
return 500;
[Link](100);//Never Execute
Output:
Unreachable Code Error
Example 5:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
int i = [Link]();
[Link](i);
public int test(){
[Link](100);//Never Execute
return 500;
Output:
100
500
Example 6:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](100, 200);
public void test(int i, int j){
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
}
}
Output
100
200
Example 7:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](100, "Pankaj",'p',true, 10.3);
public void test(int i, String s, char c, boolean b, double d ){
[Link](i);
[Link](s);
[Link](c);
[Link](b);
[Link](d);
Output:
100
Pankaj
true
10.3
Example 8:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](100,200,300,400,500);
public void test(int... x){
[Link](x[0]);
[Link](x[1]);
[Link](x[2]);
[Link](x[3]);
[Link](x[4]);
Output:
100
200
300
400
500
Method Definition: Methods helps us to break our programs into modules and
the code in the module can called any number of times which gives us
reusability of the code
Example 9:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
return;
}
Output:
Compile
Constructors In Java
a. Constructors should have same name as that of class
b. Whenever we create an object constructor will be called
c. We can create more than one constructor in the same class provided they
have different number of arguments or different type of arguments
d. By default constructors are internally void
e. When an object is created with no args, then if we do not create a
constructor automatically empty body constructor gets added up in .class
file
Example 1:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
A(){
[Link]("From Constructor A");
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
A a2 = new A();
Output:
From Constructor A
From Constructor A
Example 2:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
A(int i){
[Link](i);
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A(500);
Output:
500
Example 3:
note: In the below program when we add void before the constructor then
that's no longer treated as constructor, it would be treated as a method
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
void A(){
[Link]("From Constructor A");
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
Output:
Will Compile, but will print nothing
Example 4:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
void A(){
[Link]("From Constructor A");
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
a1.A();
Output:
From Constructor A
Example 5:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
A(){// No Of Args is ZERO
[Link]("From Constructor One");
A(){// No Of Args is ZERO
[Link]("From Constructor One");
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
Output:
Error because in the above program both of the constructor have same number
of arguments
Example 6:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
A(){// No Of Args is ZERO
[Link]("From Constructor One");
A(int i){// No Of Args is ONE
[Link](i);
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
A a2 = new A(100);
Output:
From Constructor One
100
Example 7:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
A(){// No Of Args is ZERO
[Link]("From Constructor One");
A(int i){// No Of Args is ONE
[Link](i);
A(int i,int j){// No Of Args is TWO
[Link](i);
[Link](j);
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
A a2 = new A(100);
A a3 = new A(500,300);
Output:
From Constructor One
100
500
300
Example 8:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
A(int i){//No Of args=1 and type=int
[Link](i);
A(char j){//No Of args=1 and type=char
[Link](j);
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A(100);
A a2 = new A('a');
Output:
100
Example 9:
package methods_examples_1;
public class A {
A(int i){//No Of args=1 and type=int
[Link](i);
A(char j){//No Of args=1 and type=char
[Link](j);
A(String i){
[Link](i);
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A(100);
A a2 = new A('a');
A a3 = new A("Pankaj Sir Academy");
Output:
100
Pankaj Sir Academy
Example 10:
package constructor_example;
public class A {
A(){
return 100;
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
Output:
Error
Example 11:
package constructor_example;
public class A {
A() {
[Link](100);
return;
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
Output:
100
Example 12:
package constructor_example;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A(100);
Output:
Error, because it is mandatory to create a constructor when an object with
argument is created
this keyword
a. this keyword is a special reference variable in java that holds current
objects address
b. using this keyword we can access non static members of the class
c. We cannot use this keyword in static methods
d. this keyword gets added automatically in non static methods while access
the objects member
e. Using this keyword we can call current class constructor, but the call
has be from another constructor
f. Using this keyword when you call a constructor it has to be the first
statement inside another construtor
Example 1:
package constructor_example;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1);
[Link]();
public void test(){
[Link](this);
}
Output:
constructor_example.A@15db9742
constructor_example.A@15db9742
Example 2:
package constructor_example;
public class A {
int i = 10;
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
[Link]();
public void test(){
[Link](this.i);
Output:
10
10
Example 3:
package constructor_example;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
a1.test1();
public void test1(){
[Link]("From test 1");
this.test2();
public void test2(){
[Link]("From test 2");
Output:
From test 1
From test 2
Example 4:
package constructor_example;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](this);
Output:
Error because we cannot use this keyword in static method
Example 5:
package constructor_example;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
public static void test(){
[Link](this);
Output:
error because we cannot use this keyword in static method
Example 6:
package constructor_example;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1);
[Link]();
A a2 = new A();
[Link](a2);
[Link]();
public void test(){
[Link](this);
Output:
constructor_example.A@15db9742
constructor_example.A@15db9742
constructor_example.A@6d06d69c
constructor_example.A@6d06d69c
Example 7:
package constructor_example;
public class A {
static int i = 10;
int j = 100;
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
public void test(){
[Link](this.i);
[Link](this.j);
Output:
10
100
Example 8:
package constructor_example;
public class A {
int i = 100;
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
public void test(){
[Link](i);
//this keyword gets added automatically
//in non static methods while
//access the objects member
Output
100
Example 9:
package constructor_example;
public class A {
int i = 100;
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
public static void test(){
[Link](i);
//this keyword cannot get added automatically
//in static methods while
//access the objects member
Output:
Error
Example 10:
package constructor_example;
public class A {
int i = 100;
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
public void test(){
[Link](i);
x();//this keyword is added automatically
public void x(){
[Link]("From x");
Output:
100
From x
Example 11:
package this_examples;
public class A {
A(){
[Link]("From Constructor A");
A(int i){
this();
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A(100);
Output:
From Constructor A
Example 12:
While calling a constructor using this keyword, it cannot be second
statement inside another constructor
package this_examples;
public class A {
A(){
[Link]("From Constructor A");
A(int i){
[Link](i);
this();
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A(100);
}
}
Output:
Error because this keyword is second statement
Example 12:
package this_examples;
public class A {
A(){
[Link]("From Constructor A");
A(int i){
this();
[Link](i);
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A(100);
Output:
From Constructor A
100
Example 13:
package this_examples;
public class A {
A(){
this(100);
A(int i){
[Link](i);
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
Output:
100
Note:
Local variable name and non static variable name can be same
Example 1
package this_examples;
public class A {
int i = 20;//Non static
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i = 10;//Local Variable
Output:
Will Compile but will print nothing
Note: Using this keyword we cannot access local variables
Example 1:
package this_examples;
public class A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
public void test(){
int i = 10;
[Link](this.i);
Output:
Error because we cannot use this keyword to access local variables
Example 2:
package this_examples;
public class A {
int i;//0
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
public void test(){
int i = 10;
[Link](this.i);
}
Output:
Example 3:
package this_examples;
public class A {
int i;//0
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
public void test(){
int i = 10;
i = this.i;
[Link](i);
Output:
Example 4:
package this_examples;
public class A {
int i;//0
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
public void test(){
int i = 10;
this.i = i;
[Link](i);
[Link](this.i);
Output:
10
10
Instance Initialization Block (IIB)
a. IIB will be called whenever an object is created
b. When there is more than one IIB then these IIB's will run in sequence
one after another when an object is created
c. Always IIB runs first and then the constructor
Example 1:
public class A {
[Link](100);
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
A a2 = new A();
A a3 = new A();
Output:
100
100
100
Example 2:
package iib_examples;
public class A {
[Link](50);
[Link](100);
[Link](500);
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
Output:
50
100
500
Example 3:
package iib_examples;
public class A {
A(){
[Link](100);
[Link](50);
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
Output:
50
100
Example 4:
package iib_examples;
public class A {
[Link](20);
A(){
[Link](100);
[Link](50);
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
Output:
20
50
100
Example 5:
package iib_examples;
public class A {
[Link](20);
A(int i){
[Link](i);
[Link](50);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A(100);
Output:
20
50
100
static initialization block (SIB):
a. SIB runs automatically and it runs before main method
b. If we have more than one SIB in the program then it will run in sequence
one after another
Example 1:
package iib_examples;
public class A {
static {
[Link](100);
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link](50);
Output:
100
Example 2:
package iib_examples;
public class A {
static {
[Link](100);
Output:
Error, Because main method is mandatory to run a program
Example 3:
package iib_examples;
public class A {
static {
[Link](100);
static{
[Link](500);
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link](1000);
Output:
100
500
1000
Interview Question:
Write a java program to call main method twice?
Example 1:
public class A {
static {
[Link](null);
[Link](null);
[Link](null);
public static void main(String args[]) {
[Link](500);
Output:
500
500
500
500
Example 1:
package sib_iib_constructors_example;
public class A {
[Link](5);
static{
[Link](10);
A(){
[Link](100);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link](500);
Output:
10
500
Example 2:
Note: Always static block will run first and then main method, and if
object is created then Instance initialization block will run and finally
constructor would run.
package sib_iib_constructors_example;
public class A {
[Link](5);
static{
[Link](10);
A(){
[Link](100);
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link](500);
A a1 = new A();
Output:
10
500
5
100
Example 2:
package sib_iib_constructors_example;
public class A {
[Link](5);
static{
[Link](10);
A(){
[Link](100);
[Link](1);
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link](500);
A a1 = new A();
Output:
10
500
100
Example 3:
package sib_iib_constructors_example;
public class A {
static {
[Link](1000);
[Link](5);
static{
[Link](25);
[Link](9);
A(){
[Link](11);
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](600);
Output:
1000
25
11
600
Example 4:
package sib_iib_constructors_example;
public class A {
static {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](5);
A(){
[Link](10);
public static void main(String[] args) {
Output:
10
Purpose of IIB?
Whenever an object is created lets initialize all non static variables in
one place and that will give us better clarity of code
Example 1:
package sib_iib_constructors_example;
public class A {
int i,j,k;
i = 10;
j = 20;
k = 30;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
[Link](a1.j);
[Link](a1.k);
Output:
10
20
30
Note:
In IIB both the non static variables and static variables can be
initialized
Example 2:
package sib_iib_constructors_example;
public class A {
int i;
static int j;
i = 10;
j = 100;
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
[Link](A.j);
}
}
10
100
What is the purpose of SIB?
All static variables are initialized in SIB for better clarity of the code
Example 1:
package sib_iib_constructors_example;
public class A {
static int i,j,k;
static{
i = 10;
j = 20;
k = 30;
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link](A.i);
[Link](A.j);
[Link](A.k);
Output:
10
20
30
Note:
In SIB we can never initialize non static variables
Example 2:
package sib_iib_constructors_example;
public class A {
int i,j,k;
static{
i = 10;
j = 20;
k = 30;
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link](A.i);
[Link](A.j);
[Link](A.k);
Output
Error
OOPS
1. inheritance
2. Polymorphism
3. encapsulation
4. abstraction
Inheritance:
a. Here we inherit non static members of parent class into child class
object
Example 1:
package inheritance_examples;
public class A {
int i = 10;
}
package inheritance_examples;
public class B extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
[Link](b1.i);
Output:
10
Example 2:
public class A {
int i = 10;
public void test(){
[Link](1000);
public class B extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
[Link](b1.i);
[Link]();
Output:
10
1000
Note: In the below program class A and class B are non sub class
Example 3:
package inheritance_examples;
public class A {
int i = 10;
public void test(){
[Link](1000);
package inheritance_examples;
public class B{//Class B and class A are non sub class
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
[Link]();
Output:
10
1000
Example 4:
package inheritance_examples;
public class A {
public void test1(){
[Link](1000);
package inheritance_examples;
public class B extends A{//test1() + test2()
public void test2(){
[Link](500);
}
}
package inheritance_examples;
public class C extends B{//test1() + test2()
public void test3(){
[Link](10);
public static void main(String[] args) {
C c1 = new C();
c1.test1();
c1.test2();
c1.test3();
Output:
1000
500
10
Example 5:
Note: In java at class level multiple inheritance is not allowed. Multiple
inheritance makes the design of your software very complex
The below program throws an error, because of multiple inheritance
package inheritance_examples;
public class A {
package inheritance_examples;
public class B {
package inheritance_examples;
public class C extends A,B{//Error
Output:
Error
Note:
static members are not inherited, but it gives us a feel of inheritance in
the following program by converting B.i to A.i
Example 6:
package inheritance_examples;
public class A {
static int i;
package inheritance_examples;
public class B extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link](B.i);//A.i
Output:
0
Example 7:
Note: static members are not inherited, but it gives us a feel of
inheritance in the following program by converting B.i to A.i and [Link]()
to [Link]()
package inheritance_examples;
public class A {
static int i;
public static void test(){
[Link]("From Test");
package inheritance_examples;
public class B extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link](B.i);//A.i
[Link]();//[Link]()
Output:
From Test
Example 8:
package inheritance_examples;
public class A {
static int i;
public static void test(){
[Link]("From Test");
package inheritance_examples;
public class B extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
[Link](b1.i);//A.i
[Link]();//[Link]();
Output:
From Test
Super keyword in Java
a. Using super keyword we can access members of parent class
b. We cannot use super keyword in static methods
c. Using super keyword we can call constructor of parent class, but the
call has to be made from child class constructor
d. super keyword cannot be second statement inside child class constructor
while calling parent class constructor
Example 1:
package inheritance_examples;
public class A {
int i;
}
package inheritance_examples;
public class B extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
[Link]();
public void test(){
[Link](super.i);
Output:
Example 2:
package inheritance_examples;
public class A {
int i;
public void x(){
[Link]("x");
package inheritance_examples;
public class B extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
[Link]();
public void test(){
[Link](super.i);
super.x();
Output:
Example 3:
package inheritance_examples;
public class A {
int i;
public void x(){
[Link]("x");
package inheritance_examples;
public class B extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
[Link]();
public static void test(){
[Link](super.i);
super.x();
Output:
Error because we should not use super keyword inside a static method.
Example 4:
Note: Using super keyword we can access static and non static members, but
it is advisable that we should not access static members with super keyword
package inheritance_examples;
public class A {
static int i;
public static void x(){
[Link]("x");
package inheritance_examples;
public class B extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
[Link]();
public void test(){
[Link](super.i);
super.x();
}
Output:
Example 5:
package inheritance_examples;
public class A {
A(){
[Link]("From Consructor A");
package inheritance_examples;
public class B extends A{
B(){
super();
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
Output:
From Consructor A
Example 6:
package inheritance_examples;
public class A {
A(int i){
[Link](i);
package inheritance_examples;
public class B extends A{
B(){
super(100);
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
Output:
100
Example 7:
package inheritance_examples;
public class A {
A(int i){
[Link](i);
package inheritance_examples;
public class B extends A{
B(){
[Link](500);
super(100);
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
Output:
Error because super keyword cannot be second statement inside child class
constructor while calling parent class constructor
Example 8:
package inheritance_examples;
public class A {
A(){
[Link](100);
package inheritance_examples;
public class B extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
Output:
The above program will print 100 because during compilation java compiler
will automatically create constructor with no args and super keyword in
.class file of B
Packages In Java
Definition: Packages are nothing but folders created in java to store your
programs in organized manner
Packages resolves class naming convention
Example 1:
package p1;
public class A {
In the above package keyword defines that class A is created in folder p1.
Note:
If you want to access a class present in different package then we have to
firstly import that class and only then use that as shown in the below
program!!
Example 1:
package p1;
public class A {
package p2;
import p1.A;
public class B extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Example 2:
package p1;
public class A {
package p1;
public class C extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Example 3:
package p1;
public class A {
package p2;
public class B extends p1.A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
p1.A a1 = new p1.A();
Example 4:
package p3.p4.p5;
public class D {
Example 5:
package p2;
import p3.p4.p5.D;
public class B extends D{
public static void main(String[] args) {
D d1 = new D();
}
}
package p3.p4.p5;
public class D {
Example 6:
package p1;
public class A {
package p1;
public class C extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
package p2;
import p1.A;
import p1.C;
public class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
C c1 = new C();
Example 7:
package p1;
public class A {
}
package p1;
public class C extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
package p2;
import p1.*;
public class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
C c1 = new C();
Access Specifier / Access Modifiers
1. private
2. default
3. protected
4. public
private default protected public
Same class yes Yes yes yes
Same package
subclass NO Yes yes yes
Same package
non subclass NO Yes yes yes
different
package No No yes yes
subclass
different
package non No No No yes
subclass
Private:
a. private members are the class are accessible in the same class
Example 1:
package p1;
public class A {
private int i = 10;
private void test(){
[Link]("From test");
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
[Link]();
Output:
10
From test
Example 2:
private members cannot be accesses in same package sub class
package p1;
public class A {
private int i = 10;
private void test(){
[Link]("From test");
package p1;
public class B extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
[Link](b1.i);
[Link]();
Output:
error
Note: private members cannot be accessed in different non subclass same
package
Example 3:
package p1;
public class A {
private int i = 10;
private void test(){
[Link]("From test");
package p1;
public class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
[Link]();
Output:
error
Note: private members cannot be accessed in different package sub class
Example 4:
package p1;
public class A {
private int i = 10;
private void test(){
[Link]("From test");
package p2;
import p1.A;
public class C extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
C c1 = new C();
[Link](c1.i);
[Link]();
Output:
Error
Note: private members cannot be accessed in different package non sub class
Example 5:
package p1;
public class A {
private int i = 10;
private void test(){
[Link]("From test");
package p2;
import p1.A;
public class C {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
[Link]();
Output:
Error
Important Note:
Private members are accessible only in same class, outside that class
private members cannot be used
default access specifier:
These members are accessible only in same package, outside the package tese
members cannot be accessed
Example 1:
package p1;
public class A {
int i = 10;
void test(){
[Link]("From Test");
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
[Link]();
Output:
10
From Test
Example 2:
package p1;
public class A {
int i = 10;
void test(){
[Link]("From Test");
package p1;
public class B extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
[Link](b1.i);
[Link]();
Output:
10
From Test
Example 3:
package p1;
public class A {
int i = 10;
void test(){
[Link]("From Test");
package p1;
public class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
[Link]();
Output:
10
From Test
Example 4:
package p1;
public class A {
int i = 10;
void test(){
[Link]("From Test");
package p1;
public class A {
int i = 10;
void test(){
[Link]("From Test");
}
Example 5:
package p1;
public class A {
int i = 10;
void test(){
[Link]("From Test");
package p2;
import p1.A;
public class C {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
[Link]();
Protected Access Specifier:
protected members can be accessed in same package and in different package
onlythrough inheritance
Example 1:
package p1;
public class A {
protected int i = 10;
protected void test(){
[Link]("From Test");
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
[Link]();
Output:
10
From Test
Example 2:
package p1;
public class A {
protected int i = 10;
protected void test(){
[Link]("From Test");
package p1;
public class B extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
[Link](b1.i);
[Link]();
Example 3:
package p1;
public class A {
protected int i = 10;
protected void test(){
[Link]("From Test");
package p1;
public class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
[Link]();
Example 4:
package p1;
public class A {
protected int i = 10;
protected void test(){
[Link]("From Test");
package p2;
import p1.A;
public class C extends A{
public static void main(String[] args) {
C c1 = new C();
[Link](c1.i);
[Link]();
Output:
10
From Test
Example 5:
package p1;
public class A {
protected int i = 10;
protected void test(){
[Link]("From Test");
package p2;
import p1.A;
public class C{
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](a1.i);
[Link]();
Output:
Error
Public access specifier:
Public access specifier can be accessed anywhere in the project
Note: A class in java can be public or default. It cannot be private or
protected
Example 1:
In the below example we get an error because default class cannot be
accessed in different package
package p1;
class A {
}
package p2;
import p1.A;
public class B extends A{
Output: Error
Note:
1. If a constructor is made public then its object can be created anywhere
in the project
2. If a constructor is made default then its object cannot be created in
different package
3. If a constructor is made private then its object can be created in same
class
4. If a constructor is made protected then its object can be created in
same package only just like default constructor
Polymorphism In Java:
When we develop a feature in java that can take more than one form is
called as polymorphism.
Their two ways to achieve polymorphism:
a. Overriding:
Note: How to modify the logic of inherited method in child class:
Definition: In Overriding we inherit a method from parent class and then we
modify the logic of inherited method in child class by once again creating
a method with same signature in child class
Note: Polymorphisms applied only on methods
Example 1:
package polymorphism_examples;
public class A {
public void test(){
[Link]("Hello");
package polymorphism_examples;
public class B extends A{
public void test(){
[Link]("world");
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
[Link]();
Output:
world
Example 2:
package polymorphism_examples;
public class A {
public void test(){
[Link]("Hello");
package polymorphism_examples;
public class B extends A{
public void test(){
[Link]("world");
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
[Link]();
A a1 = new A();
[Link]();
Output:
world
Hello
Note:
While overriding it is advised that we use the annotation @Override. This
annotation will check whether overriding is happening or not
Example 3:
package polymorphism_examples;
public class A {
public void test(){
[Link]("Hello");
}
package polymorphism_examples;
public class B extends A{
@Override
public void tests(){
[Link]("world");
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
[Link]();
Output:
Error because parent class method name and child's class method names are
not matching
Example 4:
package polymorphism_examples;
public class A {
public void test1(){
[Link]("Hello");
public void test2(){
[Link]("Welcome");
package polymorphism_examples;
public class B extends A{
@Override
public void test1(){
[Link]("world");
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
b1.test1();
b1.test2();
Output:
world
Welcome
Example 5:
package banking_app;
public class GoldAccount {
public void onlineBanking(){
[Link]("yes");
public void chqBooks(){
[Link]("2/year");
public void interest(){
[Link]("No Interest on Balance");
}
public void minBalance(){
[Link]("Rs. 5000");
package banking_app;
public class PlatinumAccount extends GoldAccount{
public void chqBooks(){
[Link]("Unlimited/year");
public void interest(){
[Link]("4%/year");
public void minBalance(){
[Link]("Rs. 10000");
public static void main(String[] args) {
GoldAccount g = new GoldAccount();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]("______________");
PlatinumAccount p = new PlatinumAccount();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
Output:
yes
2/year
No Interest on Balance
Rs. 5000
______________
yes
Unlimited/year
4%/year
Rs. 10000
b. Overloading:
Definition: Here we develop multiple methods with the same name but having
different number of arguments or different type of arguments
public class Email {
//Marketing Mailers
//Transactional Mailers
public void sendEmail(String un, String pwd, String route){
[Link]("Will send marketing emailers");
public void sendEmail(String un, String pwd, String route,String
tcid){
[Link]("Will send transaction emailers");
public static void main(String[] args) {
Email e = new Email();
[Link]("xx", "xx", "marketing");
[Link]("xx", "xx", "transactional","12567");
Output:
Will send marketing emailers
Will send transaction emailers
Encapsulation in Java
encapsulation refers to the bundling of data(variables) with the methods
that operate on that data and restricting of direct access of
data(variables).
TO achieve encapsulation we should do the following
1. Make the variables private so that they cannot be accessed directly
2. Create getters and setters to access the data(variables)
Example:
package encapsulation_example;
//We will build methods that will initialize variable i and
//also read the data of variable i
public class A {
private int i ;
private String name;
public int getI() {
return i;
public void setI(int i) {
this.i = i;
public String getName() {
return name;
public void setName(String name) {
[Link] = name;
package encapsulation_example;
public class B {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a1 = new A();
[Link](100);
[Link]([Link]());
[Link]("Pankaj Sir Academy");
[Link]([Link]());
Output:
100
Pankaj Sir Academy
Interfaces in Java
a. In an interface we can create only incomplete methods in it. We can also
call incomplete methods in an interface as abstract methods
b. When a class implements an interface then the class has to complete all
incomplete methods of an interface in the class or else you would get an
error.
Example 1:
package java_app_1;
public interface B {
public void x() ;
Note: The above interface is stored as "[Link]"
Example 2:
package java_app_2;
public interface A {
public void test();
package java_app_2;
public class B implements A{
public void test() {
[Link]("From Test");
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
[Link]();
Output:
From Test
Example 3:
package java_app_3;
public interface A {
public void test1();
public void test2();
}
package java_app_3;
public class B implements A{
@Override
public void test1() {
[Link]("From test1");
@Override
public void test2() {
[Link]("From test2");
public static void main(String[] args) {
B b1 = new B();
b1.test1();
b1.test2();
Output:
From test1
From test2
![10
Example 4:
public class A {
int i = 10;
static int j = 100;
public static void main(String[] args){](/p?url=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenshots.scribd.com%2FScribd%2F252_100_85%2F356%2F523470087%2F5.jpeg&__src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F523470087%2F12-30-PM-Core-Java-Notes&__type=image)
![Example 1:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = i++ + i++;](/p?url=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenshots.scribd.com%2FScribd%2F252_100_85%2F356%2F523470087%2F6.jpeg&__src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F523470087%2F12-30-PM-Core-Java-Notes&__type=image)
![Example 3:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = i++ + i++ +](/p?url=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenshots.scribd.com%2FScribd%2F252_100_85%2F356%2F523470087%2F7.jpeg&__src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F523470087%2F12-30-PM-Core-Java-Notes&__type=image)
![Example 5:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 5;
int j = i + i++ + i +](/p?url=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenshots.scribd.com%2FScribd%2F252_100_85%2F356%2F523470087%2F8.jpeg&__src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F523470087%2F12-30-PM-Core-Java-Notes&__type=image)
![Example 2:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i = 10;
int j = ++i + ++i + +](/p?url=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenshots.scribd.com%2FScribd%2F252_100_85%2F356%2F523470087%2F9.jpeg&__src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F523470087%2F12-30-PM-Core-Java-Notes&__type=image)
![Examples on post & pre increment together:
Example 1:
public class A {
public static void main(String args[]) {](/p?url=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenshots.scribd.com%2FScribd%2F252_100_85%2F356%2F523470087%2F10.jpeg&__src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument%2F523470087%2F12-30-PM-Core-Java-Notes&__type=image)