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Understanding Research Fundamentals

This document provides information and activities about research terms. It begins by defining key terms like research, subjects, principal investigator, concepts, and theory. It then provides activities to test understanding of additional terms through unscrambling letters, matching definitions, and solving puzzles. The activities cover a wide range of research terms and concepts like variables, research design, sampling, and the purpose and process of research. The document aims to help readers better understand the meaning and functions of research through engaging activities that reinforce important terminology.

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Ju Reyes
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7K views4 pages

Understanding Research Fundamentals

This document provides information and activities about research terms. It begins by defining key terms like research, subjects, principal investigator, concepts, and theory. It then provides activities to test understanding of additional terms through unscrambling letters, matching definitions, and solving puzzles. The activities cover a wide range of research terms and concepts like variables, research design, sampling, and the purpose and process of research. The document aims to help readers better understand the meaning and functions of research through engaging activities that reinforce important terminology.

Uploaded by

Ju Reyes
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

EXEQUIEL F.

GUHIT ENGLISH 1O
10 – ST. FRANCIS WEEK 2

Activity 1: What is Research?

Directions: Determine further the meaning and function of research by reading the paragraphs below. In doing so,
arrange the jumbled letters of some terms to understand research even better.
When researchers are interested in examining a problem using a scientific approach, it is said that they are doing a
(1.) S A R R E E C H. The people who are being studied are called (2.) B U J E C T S. The person who oversees
the research is called the (3.) P R I N C E L I P investigator. The building blocks of theories are called (4.) C E P C
O N T S.
An abstract generalization that presents a systematic representation about relationships among phenomena is called
a (5.) H E R O Y T. The concepts that are studied are called (6.) B A R I A L E V. The concept that is being studied
that usually that usually indicates the influence or cause is called the (7.) D E N T I N P E E N D variable. The
concept that the researcher is most interested in understanding is called the (8.) T E E N N P E D D variable.
Variables that may influence or contaminate the data are called (9.) E O U T S X A E R N variables. If the group
that is being studied is very different or varied, the group is said to be (10.) G E N E S H E R O T E O U while
groups that are very similar are called (11.) H O O M N E E G O U S groups. When studying variables, definitions
must be clarified. A variable such as anxiety may be defined as a feeling of uneasiness; this is called a (12.) C E P
T A L C U O N definition. To measure anxiety, the State-Traite Anxiety Scale might be used.
A (13.) S Y S I T H E P H O is a statement written by the researcher that states the relationship among or between
variables. There are two major categories for research designs. One design, the (14.) Q U A I N T V A I E T T
approach uses data that has numerical representation or values. The second design, (15.) Q U A I L V E A T T I,
uses narrative data. (16.) D E D U C E V I T reasoning is the basis for quantitative approach. The bond or
connection between two variables is called a (17.) O R I E N T A L H I P S. Research that is conducted to generate
knowledge that influences or improves practice is called (18.) D E A L I P P research. Research that tests theories is
known as (19.) A S C I B research.

ANSWER:
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]

Activity 2: What’s the Term?

Direction: Distinguish the research terms being asked in each item.

_______________________ 1. The people who are being studied in a research


_______________________ 2. Accuracy, the extent to which a test or study measures
what it is supposed to measure
_______________________ 3. Everybody has the same chance of being assigned to any
group.
_______________________ 4. A measure of spread; the average deviation of a group of
scores from the mean
_______________________ 5. Mathematical tools based on the normal curve used to
analyze data
_______________________ 6. An important finding that did not likely happen by
chance
_______________________ 7. The method for finding out what the researcher wants to
know, experiment, or correlate.
_______________________ 8. A quality of interest that can be manipulated, observed
or studied
_______________________ 9. A smaller group that represents population of interest
_______________________ 10. Uses data that has numerical representation or values

ANSWER:
6. STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE
1. SUBJECT
7. RESEARCH DESIGN
2. VALIDITY
8. VARIABLE
3. RANDOM SAMPLE
9. SAMPLE
4. STANDARD DEVIATION
10. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
5. STATISTICS

Activity 3: Puzzling Study


Directions: Answer the crossword puzzle below by determining the research terms
through the clues given on the right.

ANSWER:

[Link] 10. APPLIED RESEARCH

[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
7. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
[Link]
[Link]
9. POPULATION [Link]

[Link]
Activity 4. Mystery Word Challenge
Directions: Answer the following items. Using specific letter from each answer, unlock the mystery word.

___________________________1. It is a tentative explanation based on theory to predict a causal


relationship between variables. (Take the last letter of your answer and put it in the last box.)
___________________________2. This is the application of statistical processes and theory to the
compilation, presentation, discussion, and interpretation of numerical data. (Take the second letter of
your answer and put it in the seventh box.)
___________________________3. This refers to a part of research which identifies the potential
weaknesses of a study. (Take the sixth letter of your answer and put it in the sixth box.)
___________________________4. It tells the reader what you hope to accomplish regarding the
problem by carrying out your study. (Take the third letter of your answer and put it in the fifth box.)
___________________________5. . It involves specific techniques that are adopted in research
process to collect, assemble and evaluate data. It defines those tools, as well as the approximate
timeline for completion of the study. (Take the tenth letter of your answer and put it in the fourth box.)
___________________________6. This is the target group of the research. (Take the tenth letter and
put it in the third box.)
___________________________7. It is another term for participants. (Take the fifth letter and put it in
the second box.)
___________________________8. It is a systematic investigation and study of materials and
sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. (Take the seventh letter of your
answer and put it in the first box.)

Answer:

1. hypothesiS

2. sTatistical analysis

3. limitAtions

4. puRpose of the study

5. methodoloGy

6. populatioN

7. respOndents

8. researCh

Mystery Word: CONGRATS


Activity 5: Signify the Terms
Directions: In relation to the lesson and activities on research terms, explain their
importance to making research by interpreting the image below.

__________________________________________________________________________________

Rubric for Activity 5: Signify the Terms

Description 5 4 3 2 1
1. Student makes a complete and detailed description of the subject matter and/or elements seen the photo.
2. Forms a reasonable hypothesis about what is viewed in the photograph and is able to support this with evidence from the
photograph.
3. Student lists three or more questions raised by the photo.
4. Student gives reasonable consideration as to who took the photograph and what is going on outside the frame based on
strong evidence.

ASSESSMENT
Activity 6: Matching Terms
Directions: Match the definitions in Column A to its appropriate research terms in Column B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. It addresses how the study will be narrowed in scope. A. ABSTRACT
2. Structured sets of questions on specified subjects that are used to gather info. B. DELIMITATION
3. The arithmetic average C. CONTROL GROUP
4. The basic, dictionary meaning D. QUESTIONNAIRE
5. A brief, overview of a research study E. DATA
6. Refers to how a word is used in a study F. CONSTITUTIVE DEFINITION
7. In experiments, the one that does not get the treatment G. DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
8. Information; can be number or words H. EXPERIMENT
9. The one that gets the treatment I. EXPERIMENTAL GROUP
10. Research design that describes “what is” J. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
11. A research design used to find “cause – effect” relationships K. MEAN
12. The variable the researcher is manipulating M. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

Answer:

1. DELIMITATION

2. QUESTIONNAIRE

3. MEAN

4. CONSTITUTIVE DEFINITION

5. ABSTRACT

6. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

7. CONTROL GROUP

8. DATA

9. EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

10. DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

11. EXPERIMENT

12. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

Common questions

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Ensuring validity in research is challenging due to potential biases, measurement errors, and extraneous variables. Researchers can address these challenges by using reliable measurement tools, employing random sampling, and clearly defining variables operationally and conceptually to ensure that the study measures what it intends to .

Hypotheses in research function as tentative explanations that predict causal relationships between variables. They are based on existing theories and help guide the research's direction by proposing relationships to be tested empirically .

A control group in experimental research serves as a benchmark that does not receive the experimental treatment, allowing researchers to compare outcomes against the experimental group. This comparison helps determine the effect of the independent variable, ensuring that observed changes are due to the treatment rather than other variables .

Statistical analysis validates research findings by evaluating data to determine if results are significant and not due to chance. However, it has limitations, including assumptions of normality and potential for Type I and Type II errors. Proper data handling and methodological rigor are required to mitigate these limitations and ensure accurate inferences .

In experimental research, the independent variable is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable, which is the response measured by the researcher. Distinguishing between them is essential because it helps establish cause-and-effect relationships, guiding experimental design and analysis .

Random sampling is significant because it ensures that every individual within a population has an equal chance of selection, reducing biases and increasing the study's generalizability. This increases the likelihood that the sample accurately reflects the population, enabling researchers to make valid inferences about broader groups .

Extraneous variables can confound research outcomes by introducing unwanted variation, obscuring the true relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Researchers can control for these by randomization, matching, or including extraneous variables in statistical models, ensuring that the observed effects are due to the manipulated variable .

Defining terms both constitutively and operationally is important for clarity and precision in research. Constitutive definitions provide the dictionary meaning, while operational definitions specify how the terms are measured or identified in the study. This duality ensures that terms are understood consistently across different stakeholders and enhances the study's replicability .

Ethical considerations in research involving human subjects include obtaining informed consent, ensuring confidentiality, minimizing harm, and providing the right to withdraw from the study. These considerations ensure the protection and respect for participants' rights and well-being, maintaining the integrity of the research process .

Utilizing both qualitative and quantitative approaches in research provides a more holistic understanding of the studied phenomena. The qualitative approach offers narrative data, capturing complex themes and experiences, while the quantitative approach provides numerical data that can be used for statistical analysis to establish patterns and relationships. Together, they complement each other by addressing both the depth and breadth of research questions .

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