CLIENT Mr. C. PA RANKUSAM, Mr. C.
SUNANDAN,
Mr. KALIYAN, CHENNAI.
PROJECT PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
(G+02) AT NEW NO. 167, OLD NO. 47, WALL TEXT ROAD,
ELEPHANT GATE, SOWCARPET, CHENNAI -600079.
TITLE GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT
REV. DATE REPORT NUMBER REMARK
BAG/Mr. C. PA RUNKUSAM, Mr. C. SUNANDAN,
23.07.2021
0
Mr. C. KALIYAN,/M-037/21-22
M/s. Booshnam Associates, Chennai Mr. C. PA Rankusam, Mr. C. Sunandan, Mr. C. Kaliyan, Chennai
CONTENTS
CHAPTER SEC. NO. PAGE
NO.
1 INTRODUCTION
1.0 Preamble 1
1.1 Scope of Work 1
1.2 Structure of the Report 1
2 INVESTIGATION METHODOLOGY & TEST RESULTS
2.0 Field Testing 2
2.1 Preamble 2
2.2 Equipment Used and Method of Drilling 2
2.2.1 Equipment Used 2
2.2.2 Method of Drilling 2
2.3 In-situ Strength Tests 2
2.3.1 Standard Penetration Tests 2
2.4 Collection of Samples 2
2.4.1 Disturbed Soil Samples 2
2.4.2 Ground Water 3
2.5 Summary of Field Work 3
2.6 Laboratory Testing 3
2.6.1 Coarse Grained Soil Samples 3
[Link] Grain Size Analysis Tests 3
2.6.2 Fine Grained Soil Samples 3
[Link] Index Property & Free Swell Tests 3
2.6.3 Chemical Analysis Tests 3
[Link] Water Sample 3
FIGURES 2.0 Site Plan representing the location of Field investigation point 4
2.1 Soil Profile at BH-01 Location 5
TABLES 2.1 Laboratory Test Results on the Soil Sample collected from 6
BH-01 Location
2.2 Chemical Analysis Test Results on the Water Sample collected 7
from borehole Locations
3 SUB-SURFACE STRATIFICATION
3.0 Preamble 8
3.1 Sub surface Stratification 8
3.1.1 Soil Profile at BH-01 Location 8
4 FOUNDATION SYSTEM
4.0 Preamble 9
4.1 Bearing Strata Characteristics 9
4.2 Foundation System 9
4.2.1 Open Foundation System 9-10
5 RECOMMENDATIONS 11
M/s. Booshnam Associates, Chennai Mr. C. PA Rankusam, Mr. C. Sunandan, Mr. C. Kaliyan, Chennai
ANNEXURE Design of Open Foundation System (Ref. BH-01) 12-13
M/s. Booshnam Associates, Chennai Mr. C. PA Rankusam, Mr. C. Sunandan, Mr. C. Kaliyan, Chennai
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Preamble
Mr. C. PA Rankusam, Mr. C. Sunandan, Mr. C. Kaliyan, Chennai
proposed to construct a Residential Building (G+02) at New No. 167, Old
No. 47, Wall Text Road, Elephant Gate, Sowcarpet, Chennai – 600079.
For the purpose of designing the foundations, the responsibility of carrying out
suitable soil investigations was entrusted to M/s. Booshnam Associates,
Chennai.
This report contains the field and laboratory test results along with Design
computations and recommendations for suitable foundation systems.
1.1 Scope of Work
Sinking One Standard Soil investigation bore hole of 150mm diameter up to a
depth of 10.50m below existing ground level as directed by the engineer-in-
charge.
Conducting Standard Penetration Test (SPT) at regular depth intervals.
Collection of Split Spoon Samples or Disturbed Soil Samples
Collection of water samples from each bore hole.
Conducting relevant laboratory test results.
1.2 Structure of the Report
Contents
Introduction
Investigation Methodology & Test Results
Figures & Tables
Sub-Surface Stratification
Foundation Systems
Recommendations
Annexure (Design Computations)
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M/s. Booshnam Associates, Chennai Mr. C. PA Rankusam, Mr. C. Sunandan, Mr. C. Kaliyan, Chennai
CHAPTER-2
INVESTIGATION METHODOLOGY & TEST RESULTS
2.0 Field Testing:
2.1 Preamble:
One standard soil investigation borehole was put. The equipment used and the
methodology adopted to carry out the fieldwork is described below.
2.2 Equipment Used and Method of Drilling:
2.2.1 Equipment Used
The equipment used for performing the drilling operations is a Calyx Rotary
Drill Rig with direct mud circulation technique. The drill mud used was made
out of Sodium Bentonite.
2.2.2 Methodology of drilling
In the soil strata, the drilling operations have been carried out using special
drill bits and cutters coupled with direct mud circulation.
2.3 In-Situ Strength Tests:
2.3.1 Standard Penetration Test:
Standard penetration tests were conducted at the borehole location, in
accordance with IS: 2131. The tests were conducted at every change of strata
up to the depth of termination of the borehole as directed by the engineer-in-
charge.
2.4. Collection of Samples:
2.4.1 Disturbed Soil Samples
The SPT-samples collected were used as disturbed soil samples. These
samples were used for visual and physical identification and for conducting
laboratory classification tests as per I.S.1498-1970.
2.4.2 Ground Water
For conducting suitable chemical tests, the ground water sample was collected
from the respective boreholes.
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M/s. Booshnam Associates, Chennai Mr. C. PA Rankusam, Mr. C. Sunandan, Mr. C. Kaliyan, Chennai
2.5 Summary of Field Work
The location of the borehole is shown in site plan given in Fig.2.0. The soil
profile obtained at each location is shown in Fig.2.1.
2.6 Laboratory Testing:
2.6.1 Coarse Grained Samples:
[Link] Grain size Analysis Tests:
On the coarse grained samples, grain size distribution tests were conducted as
per I.S.2720 (Part 4)-1985, to know the gradation characteristics and to
classify them. This result is presented in Table 2.1.
2.6.2 Fine Grained Samples:
[Link] Index Property – Free Swell Tests:
Atterberg Limits were carried out on fine grained soil samples to evaluate the
limits of different consistency states. Generally Liquid limits, Plastic limits
and Shrinkage Limits tests were conducted as per I.S.2720 (Part-5)-1985 and
I.S.2720 (Part 6)-1972. As no such type of soil strata was encountered at the
investigation location, no such tests could be conducted.
2.6.3 Chemical Analysis Tests:
[Link] Water Sample:
On representative water sample, chemical analysis tests were conducted to
estimate pH, Chlorides and Sulphates. These results are presented in
Table-2.2.
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M/s. Booshnam Associates, Chennai Mr. C. PA Rankusam, Mr. C. Sunandan, Mr. C. Kaliyan, Chennai
Project : Proposed Construction of New No. 167, Old No. 47, Wall Text Road, Elephant Gate, Sowcarpet, Chennai –
600079.
Location: BH-01
Started On : 22/07/2021; Ended On : 22/07/2021 G.W.T: 3.00m below existing ground level
SPT - Details Graphical Representation of SPT
Density/Consistency
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
R.L of Layer (m)
Type of Sample
Depth of SPT
below E.G.L
G.W.T. (m)
Soil Profile
Engineering Description of
15-30 cm
30-45 cm
N-Value
Relative
0-15 cm
Soil
(m)
Filled Up
Soil 1.50 SPT neglected for the fill - DS
2.00
G.W.T Greyish Medium Dense 3.00 6 13 16 29 o [Link] SS
Silty Fine Sand
4.00
4.50 10 21 31 52 o [Link] SS
6.00 15 20 31 51 o [Link] SS
Greyish
Very Dense 7.50 16 25 26 51 o [Link] SS
Silty Fine Sand
9.00 17 20 31 51 o [Link] SS
10.50 10.50 20 31 36 67 o [Link] SS
Bore Hole Terminated at a depth of 10.50m below the existing ground level
Fig. 2.1 Soil Profile at BH-01 Location
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M/s. Booshnam Associates, Chennai Mr. C. PA Rankusam, Mr. C. Sunandan, Mr. C. Kaliyan, Chennai
Table 2.1: Laboratory Test Result on the Soil Sample Collected from BH-01
Depth of Sample below E.G.L. (m)
Clay Sieve Analysis
Relative Density/ Consistency
Natural Density (g/cc)
Engineering Description
of Soil
IS-Classification
Type of Sample
SPT of Sample
Medium (%)
Coarse (%)
Gravel (%)
NMC(%)
Clay (%)
Fine (%)
Silt (%)
LL (%)
PL (%)
FS
PI
Ic
0.00 to 2.00 - SS Silty Fine Sand - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
2.00 to 4.00 29 SS Silty Fine Sand - 1.8 - - - - - [Link] 0 0 0 78 22 0 SM
4.00 to 10.50 51 SS Silty Fine Sand - 2.0 - - - - - [Link] 0 0 0 83 17 0 SM
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M/s. Booshnam Associates, Chennai Mr. C. PA Rankusam, Mr. C. Sunandan, Mr. C. Kaliyan, Chennai
Table 2.2: Chemical Analysis Results conducted on
Water Sample collected from BH-01
Depth of
Sample
Chlorides Sulphates
Location below pH
(ppm) (ppm)
E.G.L.
(m)
BH-01 3.00 7.72 328.11 369.12
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M/s. Booshnam Associates, Chennai Mr. C. PA Rankusam, Mr. C. Sunandan, Mr. C. Kaliyan, Chennai
CHAPTER-3
SUB-SURFACE STRATIFICATION
3.0 Preamble
The sub surface stratification at borehole location, with respect to
foundation/geotechnical engineering application are derived based on the
visual identification, laboratory classification tests and field in-situ strength
tests. Further, the strength parameters are estimated based on the in-situ
strength test results as per the following correlation.
* For Coarse Grained Samples, Ref. Fig.1, IS: 6403 to estimate Angle of
Shearing Resistance.
* For Fine Grained Samples, Ref. Terzaghi & Peck, 1948, to estimate
Unconfined Compressive Strength.
3.1 Sub Surface Stratification:
3.1.1 Soil Profile at BH-01 Location
(At BH-01 Location, as presented in Site plan)
* Layer-1 (from E.G.L to 2.00m depth)
Type of Strata Filled Up Soil
Colour -
Thickness of Layer 2.00m
* Layer-2 (from 2.00m to 4.00m depth)
Type of Strata Silty Fine Sand
Colour Greyish
Thickness of Layer 2.00m
SPT of the layer 29
Relative Density Medium Dense
Angle of Shearing Resistance, φ 35.700
* Layer-3 (from 4.00m to 10.50m depth)
Type of Strata Silty Fine Sand
Colour Greyish
Thickness of Layer 6.50m
SPT of the layer 51
Relative Density Very Dense
Angle of Shearing Resistance, φ 41.150
Ground Water
Ground water table was encountered at a depth of 3.00m below the existing
ground level during the fourth week of July 2021.
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M/s. Booshnam Associates, Chennai Mr. C. PA Rankusam, Mr. C. Sunandan, Mr. C. Kaliyan, Chennai
CHAPTER-4
FOUNDATION SYSTEM
4.0 Preamble
The foundation system design is an interface between super structure and the
sub soil bearing strata characteristics. A sound foundation system should be
safe against bearing strata shear response under the super structure load
intensity. Similarly, the stability of the foundation system is governed by the
bearing strata deformation response under the super structure load intensity.
In addition, as a combined system of super structure and foundation, the
overall stability is also governed by the super structure arrangement.
Considering the above aspects of foundation design, the suitable type of
foundation system with respect to the sub soil conditions encountered at the
borehole locations is presented in the subsequent sections.
4.1 Bearing Strata Characteristics
From field investigations, it can be observed that the sub-soil strata
encountered at shallow depths i.e. below 2.00m thick filled up soil strata are
coarse-grained type and good from both shear strength characteristics and
deformation considerations to act as bearing strata for proposed impending
loads from structure.
If coarse-grained strata encountered below 2.00m depths from existing ground
level are considered as bearing strata, the safe bearing capacity of open
foundation system will be a function of least dimension of footing and
effective surcharge over the bearing strata.
Considering the above, suitable foundation system is presented below.
4.2 Foundation System
4.2.1 Open Foundation System (BH-01)
Considering the bearing strata characteristics of sub-soil strata encountered at
shallow depths, open foundation system of isolated column footing type
located at a least depth of 3.00m below existing ground level (E.G.L) can be
adopted.
The safe bearing capacity of open foundation at least recommended depth of
3.00m below E.G.L is computed and presented below which can be adopted
for foundation design purposes.
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M/s. Booshnam Associates, Chennai Mr. C. PA Rankusam, Mr. C. Sunandan, Mr. C. Kaliyan, Chennai
S. Type of Open Depth of Observed Depth of Type of Safe Elastic
No. Foundation Footing Thickness Footing Bearing Bearing Settlements
System below of Fill below Strata Capacity <50mm
Existing (m) Natural (t/m2) (mm)
Ground Ground
Level Level
(m) (m)
1 Isolated 3.00 2.00 1.00 Silty Fine Sand 18 36
Column Footing
The computations for above are annexed to this report.
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M/s. Booshnam Associates, Chennai Mr. C. PA Rankusam, Mr. C. Sunandan, Mr. C. Kaliyan, Chennai
CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Open foundation system of isolated column footing type located at shallow
depths over coarse-grained strata can be adopted for foundation design
purposes.
2. Safe bearing capacity presented in Clause 4.2.1, Chapter-IV can be adopted
for open foundation design purposes.
3. In no case, the least depth of foundation system can be less than 3.00m
below present existing ground level i.e. 1.00m depths below natural
ground level considered 2.00m thick fills observed at site.
4. Care shall be taken so that the ultimate bearing strata are none other than
coarse-grained Medium Dense Silty Fine Sand type.
5. Excavated coarse-grained soil strata encountered at shallow depths i.e.
uniformly below 2.00m depths from existing ground level can only be used for
back filling purposes.
6. Safe bearing capacity presented above is computed considering any rise in the
ground water table at or above the level of footing.
7. It is recommended to connect the grade beams so that the structure can
act as a single unit against any differential settlements in between the
individual footings.
8. Special provisions to contain any lateral collapse of soil from the walls
excavated foundation pits are required up to the recommended founding
levels.
9. In case, the ground water table is encountered within the recommended depths
of foundation system, the same shall be bailed out continuously to keep the
sub-grade well consolidated.
10. As the chlorides and sulphates present in the water sample are within the
permissible limits, no special steel or cement is required to be used for
foundation construction purposes.
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M/s. Booshnam Associates, Chennai Mr. C. PA Rankusam, Mr. C. Sunandan, Mr. C. Kaliyan, Chennai
DESIGN OF OPEN FOUNDATION SYSTEM (Ref. BH-01)
1 COMPUTATION OF BEARING CAPACITY AS PER IS:6403
1.1 Geometrical Data :
Type of Foundation System: Isolated Column Footin
R.L of the top of Borehole (m): 0.00 m
Depth of Foundation below existing ground level (Df): 3.00 m
Observed Thickness of fill at site: 2.00 m
Effective Depth of Foundation below natural ground level (Df): 1.00 m
Design Width of Foundation (B): 1.00 m
Thickness of Foundation (T) : 0.25 m
1.2 Soil Data :
Type of Bearing Strata : Silty Fine Sand
Design SPT-value of the Bearing Strata : 29
(considered based upon the density of the strata)
Type of Shear Failure: General
Angle of Shearing Resistance - Limited to a Maximum of: 35.70 Deg.
1.3 Design Parameters:
Bulk Density of Soil above the foundation depth (γbulk) 18.00 kN/m3
Effective Overburden pressure at foundation level (q) 8.00 kPa
Water Table Correction Factor (w') 0.50
Bearing Capacity Factors:
Nc = N/A
Nq = 37.63
Nγ = 56.62
Shape Factors:
Sc = N/A
Sq = 1.72
Sγ = 0.60
Depth Factors :
Dc = N/A
Dq = 1.00
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M/s. Booshnam Associates, Chennai Mr. C. PA Rankusam, Mr. C. Sunandan, Mr. C. Kaliyan, Chennai
Dγ = 1.00
Inclination Factor:
Ic = N/A
Iq = 1.00
Iγ = 1.00
1.4 Ultimate Bearing Capacity (Qu) :
Qu = Cu*Nc*Sc*DC*IC+q*(Nq-1)*Sq*Dq*Iq + 0.5*B*γ*Nγ*Sγ*Dγ*Ig*w'
Qu = 670.19 kPa
1.5 Safe Bearing Capacity (Qsafe) :
Factor of Safety (F.S.) : 2.50
Qsafe : 268.07 kPa
Recommended Safe Bearing Capacity: 180.00 kPa
1.6 Settlements
Since, the bearing strata are coarse-grained type, the settlements under the allowable safe
bearing pressure 180kPa will be of immediate elastic nature. The elastic settlements
corresponding to a safe bearing pressure of 180kPa and average SPT of 29 considering extent
of pressure bulb below bottom level of footing are computed to be in the order of 36mm which
is within the permissible limits of 50mm for isolated column footings as per I.S:1904.
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