Simpitica’ 92 x 92 x gen g7ter2=98= 9° For any non-zero integer where m and n are any: rm K7sye Ingeneral, (amyr=(a" x an xa”... times) =2"" air ae Zero and Negative Exponents So far, we have been dealing with only positive exponents. What nap pe Sa Zero oranepative integer? Let us observe a pattern show? below Ca Bes mn, 52125 10? = 1000 2=4 42=16 pie) 10a 22 a4 5=5 1 ae Be 50 = 10°= pen a Bis 104= Pa ae Ges 10? = ges 425 535 10?= Inference 1: Terms with Zero Exponents From the table, we can observe that as the exponent is decreasing by e value of each term is becoming one-half of the value of the terms, thi in the first column, one-fourth in the second column, one-fifth in the th one-tenth in the last column. Continuing this pattern, we get: ’ 1 i i ie a dnevious term) =5 2) =: = ; (previous term) = ; (4)=1_ an generalise that for any non-zero integer a, a°= 1 Therefore, we cince 2: Terms with Negative Exponents ie tinuing the above pattern, what will be the value of 21? 1 een Se i 1 ui BP cereviolis tery Men ais 2 nes *= 5 (previous term) = 5 (27 =3(5 ij T efore, we can generalise that for any non-zero integer a,a-" = St where nis any integer. 1 be zero? If so what is the value of a” for n = O? jivision of Terms with the Same Base ider the term: = Expand the numerator and the denominator and simplify. 5x 5x5 x5x5x5x5x5 5x Bx 5x 5x 5x5 6 6x 6x6 Breit 5 6x6x6x6x6x6 6x6x6 =5x5=52=586 ider another term: =e a” ifm>n 2 a” iis any non-zero integer a,2° —{_* ifn >m a i lifm=n re m and n are any two integers. allenge: Use the above result and prove that a° = 1. ion of Terms with the Same Exponent 36 ider the term 5 Expanding the numerator and the denominator, we get: X8x8x8x8x8 8 B5x5x5x5x5 5° 5 WE ecnucd set Thue eit ate aSolved Examples Example 1: Express 37x 27% 27 * 27 = 2 Breyer 27 in th e exponential form with base 3. 4, but the base should be 3. Therefore, ex = 33 4 Here, the base is 27 and the exponent is 27in exponential form with base 3, we get 97=3%*3* ges. en 3) — g3x4= 3” (Using the law of exponent: (ye Eh) . 37 x 27 x 27 x27 = 3" nents. Example 2: Simplify fy the following using SU! itable laws of expo! eee (a) (-5)°* (-5)8 (By = eon? pranxa"= ant] ky _ GW [..(2/=22|= atk ee ey (Fr (amy [: @) 5 =| me" peo b") e a . @ryeanl cay? ye _ |e aan ©) Fqy372 243° t aa 2 ~2a3e y 3x 3x)? -(&) Example 3: Solve for kin: @) 5x5" =5" 5H = 5 = 5* 25" =k=16 i +: (aby =a"b"] el wy 2-8)" e AP 0-07 = 4=2k-2>2k=6>k=3 => 38 Inthe above problems, we have used the property that when ba: are equal , we have used the props y ses ’ exponents are also equal.Example 4: A fish tanks in the sha Find its volume in litres (1000 cu, omy Titra sweet Sl ide Pe [Link]._ Volume of a cube whose side is s is s? The volume of the fish tank whose side is 30 cmis (30 cm)? = 27000 cm? = 27000 x 0.001 €= 27 €. @ Express the following: (a) 64° as an exponent with base 4 (b) (390625)? as an exponent with base 5 © Simplify the following using laws of exponents. Mention which laws have been used. (a) 5°x 55x57 — (b) (-3)* x (-3)° (c) p> +p® (d) 6) (© ~(K? o (© 251687 —(n) 8 + 4* © Simplify each of the following and express in the exponential form. (a) k7 xk? xk? (b) (-425)? x (236)? x {=5/)°. () ( 502arbie?)?_, _(721k*)? o (eae aR ea —5k3Pm® (827a*btc?)? (987k*)° © Simplify the following. ~ zy (a) bo-8 x KOE KP () ) eS (6) [p2-PF x (pe? * [Pol * [pr © Find the value of x in the following. TK\? (a) 32x 9*=3* (b) a) Gj (ss) ©“ pe 2446 3125" x5?_ 1 49K 625. i cube whose sides are given below. i volume of the G Find the Recap (@) 25m (a) 22in (b) 20.7.press very large MU! = 714800000. This us Bureau is 7148 ae TE 10° are 5 zeros at the eal a can ee nown as Stal lard fe +8 8. This form of expressing .sged as the product write it as 74 form, the number is expre: rd In standard 10 and an exponent of 10. 1d 1 between lan ro 2 km in standard) similarly, one light year is 9460000000000 km which 15 a oa a The annual profit after tax of a certain ‘company is *25000 , the standard form. a )) a Remember: Count the number of digits to the left of the decimal point. The: of 10 is the number of digits minus 1. Example 5: Express the following numbers in the standard form. (@) 25360000000000000 = 2.536 x 10° (b) 2578547 = 2.578547 x 10° rent constants that you have studied in Cross-curricular Link: List the values of differ 5.98 x 108, Express them in the standard fo science. For example, the mass of the Earth is bee ey @ Express the following numbers in the standard form. (a) 1250735 (b) 428150000000000 (c) 258.2000000 (d) 10300000000000 (e) 12573640000 (f) 248.400600000 8 pee) te petoning facts. Express the numbers appearing in them in the S P e ae India according to 2011 census is 1,210,193,422, Bre ee est em 's 6,95,500 km. Convert it into millimetres and expres (4) The number of cells in the human b ody is 100,000.01 .000,000,000,000.Ta example are used to — Exponent xpress very large numbers standard form in sciet ntifi notation a base For any two non-zero integers a and b and integers m and n, (a) axa’ +n (b) a” xb” = (aby @ tena a" m-n m. (d) Fad ,wherem>n @ 221 Peau choose the correct option for each of the following, \(a) (245686291)? = 1 (ii 245686291 (il) “1 (wo ‘by The base in the term (72k)? is (i) 72 Wy F2k (ili) -72k (iv) -72 (c) (-3)’ (3)? is equal to (9 i)3 wih 9 (3 @ pis () 976321 Yi (iii) (iv) -976321 Express the numbers in exponential form and identify their bases and the exponents. SS 2048 (b) 3125 (77 Express the following numbers as product of powers of their prime the exponential form. ef (245 (© joes @ i087 (@) 6561 (e) 17649 factors inven values of the variables, 6p +5) whenp=2 ng expressions for the gi i 1 Evaluate the followi By (Bp? - (af (-n'+3f? + 10/ when f=5 : ©) ; in each of the following. ae G Find the value of p In e (0) (3x97 * 2438 =1 NG) 7 +343=1 ich laws are u: laws of exponents. Specify wh G Simplify the following using (0) (72x 129) + 14° x 6] eseanex a) -12)T* oe y\" cwey824)?_ o &) © Reon err Express the following numbers in the standard form. (4) 215430000000 (b) 235.006 (©) 1524000000 (d) 153.24700000 ikelaustalai all Prepare the spinner using a cardboard with a sheet of white paper attached to itas below. Play the game as described below: (a) Rotate the spinner to get the first term. ~2°p'| (2p) (b) Tossa coin and choose the operation - Head ay (Divide) and Tail (Multiply) (©) Again rotate the spinner to get the second term, (d) Frame the problem and simplify it using the laws of exponents,