GMSYS-3D TUTORIAL II

Magnetic 1-Step Susceptibility Inversion

Introduction
This tutorial illustrates the use of 1-Step Lateral Susceptibility Inversion using a single
layer model.
The GMS3OSSI GX used in the 1-Step Susceptibility Inversion applies the Oasis
MAGMAP Apparent Susceptibility Filter (SUSC) to arrive at the lateral susceptibility
variation, rather then utilizing the normal inversion routines of GMSYS-3D. This is a
somewhat faster process than the “normal” GMSYS-3D routines which are used by the
GMS3SUSCINV GX (Menu item, “Calculate | Magnetic Susceptibility Inversion”).
Using the “Magnetic Susceptibility Inversion” and GMS3SUSCINV would follow an
analogous process, which could also be applied to the model in this tutorial. The
parameters in the GMS3SUSCINV dialog box are somewhat more involved and are
documented in the help file for that GX.

Tutorial Files
Create a new directory for this exercise (e.g., c:\temp\3d_mag_tut\). Copy all of the
tutorial files into this directory.
There are four grids (and associated .gi files):
• mag_tut_obs3.grd observed magnetic anomalies
• mag_tut_calc3.grd calculated magnetic anomalies
• mag_tut_err.grd error (mis-fit) grid
• topo_s4.grd; topography grid

three maps:
• mag_tut_obs3.map
• mag_tut_err.map
• mag_tut_calc3.map;

and a GMSYS-3D model file:

• mag_tutorial_1.g3D;

Getting Started
We will start with an initial Lateral Susceptibility Distribution (LSD) grid that is all zero
and invert for a lateral susceptibility distribution that minimizes the misfit between the
calculated and observed grids.

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Remember that GMSYS-3D only uses micro-cgs units for susceptibility (i.e. cgs*106)!
For example, the average susceptibility of basic igneous rocks as reported by Dobrin is
2596 in micro-cgs units.
Create a new workspace in the new directory containing the tutorial files named
“mag_tut”. Load the GMSYS-3D menu (GX | Load menu…). Open the
“mag_tutorial_1.g3D” model (GMSYS-3D | Model Definition | Open model) and save it.
Display the observed and calculated grids (GMSYS-3D | Display | Display Mag Anomaly
Grids as 2D Maps). Note that the calculated anomaly grid is all zeros.
Open the “Model Explorer tool to view a summary of
the model. Select GMSYS-3D | Model Definition
|Model Explorer (or click on the icon). Expand the
“Layer 1” branch (click on the “+” in the Model
Explorer) to check the source of the susceptibility info
for Layer 1 (as shown in the “before” and “after”
images on the right).
Create a starting Lateral Susceptibility Distribution
(LSD) grid that is all zero. Select GMSYS-3D | New
Constant Grid (or click on the icon); name the grid
“tut_susc_inv.grd” and enter “0.0” for the Constant Grid Value.
Edit the model layers so that the first layer uses “tut_susc_inv.grd” as a LSD grid. Select
GMSYS-3D | Model Definition | Edit Model and click on the Edit Layers button (or just
click on the icon). Select the “topo_s4.grd” layer and click the Edit button. Select the
Magnetics tab and then the Lateral Susceptibility Grid radio button. Browse for the Dist
Grid and select “tut_susc_inv.grd”.
Do a forward calculation to bring the model up to date (GMSYS-3D | Calculate |
Magnetic Forward Calculation or click on the icon). The forward calculation step also
generates a spreadsheet listing the statistics of the “mag_tut_calc3.grd” (i.e., the “error
grid”). You may want to adjust the window size so that it only displays a few lines and
covers a smaller portion of the screen as shown below.

Lateral Susceptibility Inversion

Select GMSYS-3D | Calculate | 1-Step Suscept Inversion. There is no icon in the tool bar
for this function. (Note that there is another “Susceptibility Inversion” option in the
menu. It uses a different approach that works better in some situations. For this exercise
we will use the 1-Step option.)

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Choose “topo_s4.grd” for the “Inversion Surface”. This selects the LSD grid below this
surface for inversion.
The inversion scheme does a downward continuation of the magnetic anomaly grid to the
“Z0” level, which in theory, is the top of the magnetic layer. If you leave this parameter
blank, the GX sets it to the maximum elevation in the structure grid. If you set this level
too deep into the layer, the inversion process tends to “blow up”. Enter “845” (the
maximum of the topo_s4.grd) for “Z0”.
Normally you will leave the Thickness Factor at 1.0. Calculated susceptibilities will be
multiplied by the thickness factor after inversion
Click on “OK” to start the inversion. If the Calculated and Error grids are currently
displayed, they will be updated at the end of the inversion process. A new entry will also
be added to the error statistics database.
(Each time you run the susceptibility inversion, it saves a backup copy of the LSD grid.
If you select the [Undo] button”, it will restore the backup LSD, Calculated, and Error
grids and refresh the maps.)
Display the LSD grid resulting from the inversion. Select Grid | Display grid | Single
grid; choose Grid name “tut_susc_inv.grd”; then click on New Map . Let’s try more
iterations of inversion to see if we can improve the fit. Note that the Standard Deviation
is less than 10 so that the convergence criteria will have to be adjusted. Select GMSYS-
3D | Calculate | 1-Step Suscept Inversion. Change the Max. Std. Error (nT) to 1.0 and
click on “OK”.
Refresh the LSD map (make it the active map and click on the “Redraw” icon. You may
be able to see a small amount of low-amplitude “ringing” in the LSD.
If you look at the statistics of the susceptibility grid, you will note that the values are both
positive and negative with a minimum value of approximately –2000 and a mean value of
approximately –800 micro-cgs. You may want to add 800 to the susceptibility grid to
make most of the susceptibility values positive. Adding a constant will not affect the
calculated magnetic anomaly from a single layer.
Select “Grid | Expressions | Remove base…” Enter “tut_susc_inv.grd” for the “Input
Grid”, “tut_susc_inv_pos.grd” for the “Output Grid”, “-800” for the “Base value to
remove”, and click on “OK”.
Now change the lateral susceptibility to “tut_susc_inv_pos.grd” in the model and do a
forward calculation to demonstrate that it does not change the calculated anomaly.

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Discussion:

You can see that the calculated map looks very similar to the observed map but the error
map and the error statistics show that there are differences in detail. To illustrate those
differences, we will extract some profiles through both the calculated and observed grids.

Create a new database (Data | New

database…) named “[Link]”. Make sure
the “tut_susc_inv_pos.grd” Map is selected.
Then select Grid | Utilities | Grid
profile…Enter “mag_tut_calc3.grd”,
mag_tut_obs3.grd”, and
“tut_susc_inv_pos.grd” as grid names, 500
for the sample interval, and “digitize from
map” as the Method to set profile
coordinates. Then click “OK”. Draw a
profile that crosses all of the major features
of the map, similar to the one shown the left.
Plot profiles of the calculated magnetic
response (“G_mag_tut_cal3”) and observed magnetic anomaly (“G_mag_tut_obs3”) in
the same profile window (right click on the channel header and select Show profile).
Make sure that you set “Same scale for all profiles in panel” under Panel Options. Then
plot the inverted susceptibility (“G_tut_susc_inv_pos”) in another panel as shown in the
figure below.

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Although the observed and calculated curves fit well, the calculated curve does not have
as much short-wavelength information as the observed. The feature on the right of the
profile above corresponds to the feature in the middle of the map. The general shape of
the calculated curve is correct but it lacks the short wavelength power of the observed
curve. The susceptibility distribution shown in the bottom panel demonstrates the type of
boundaries produced by the inversion. The inversion cannot generate sharp boundaries
without ringing.

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