Chapter-9
Chapter-9. Exercise-9(A)
Question 1
(a)Is ammonia more dense or less dense than air?
(b) What property of ammonia is demonstrated by Fountain Experiment? (c)Write the balanced
equation for the reaction between ammonia and sulphuric acid.
(c) Write the balanced equation for the reaction between ammonia and sulphuric acid.
Solution 1
(a)Ammonia is less dense than air. By Fountain Experiment, we demonstrate the high solubility of
ammonia gas in water.
(b) The high solubility of ammonia gas in water
(c)The balanced equation for the reaction between ammonia and sulphuric acid is:
2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4
Question 2
Pick the odd member from the list giving reasons:
(a) Ammonia, sulphur dioxide, Hydrogen chloride, carbon dioxide.
(b) Copper oxide, Aluminium oxide, sodium oxide, Magnesium oxide.
Solution 2
(a) Ammonia is basic in nature.
(b) Copper oxide because CuO is less reactive can be reduced by C, CO or by hydrogen whereas
Al2O3, Na2O, MgO are reduced by electrolysis.
Question 3
Give reasons for the following:
(a) Liquid ammonia is used as a refrigerant in ice plants.
(b) Aqueous solution of ammonia is used for removing grease stains from woollen clothes.
(c) Aqueous solution of ammonia gives a pungent smell.
(d) Aqueous solution of ammonia conducts electricity.
Solution 3
(a) Liquid ammonia acts as a refrigerant in ice plants. Evaporation needs heat energy, and when liquid
ammonia vaporises, it absorbs large quantities of heat without changing its temperature. For these
reasons, ammonia is widely used as a refrigerant.
(b) Ammonia is used for removing grease and dirt as it emulsifies or dissolves them.
(c) Ammonia is formed by bacterial decomposition of urea, so ammonia has a pungent smell.
(d) An aqueous solution of ammonia is a weak electrolyte. It dissociates partially to give hydroxyl ions,
and ions conduct electricity. So an aqueous solution of ammonia conducts electricity.
Question 4
A gas 'P' gives dense white fumes with chlorine. Its aqueous solution gives a blue colour with copper
(II) hydroxide. (a) Name the gas P. (b) Give its formula. (c) Give three uses of P.
Solution 4
(a) The gas is ammonia.
(b) The formula is NH3.
(c) Uses of ammonia:
It is used in the industrial preparation of nitric acid by Ostwald process.
It is used in the manufacture of fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate,
ammonium phosphate.
It is used in the manufacture sodium carbonate by Solvay process.
NaCl + NH3 + CO2 + H2O NaHCO3 +NH4Cl
Question 5
Ammonia solution in water gives a blue precipitate when it combines with a solution of copper salt. The
blue precipitate further dissolves in excess of ammonia solution to give azure blue solution. Explain
with equation.
Solution 5
Equation:
CuSO4 +2NH4OH Cu(OH)2 + [NH4]2SO4
pale blue
Ammonia solution in water gives a blue precipitate when it combines with a solution of copper salt.
The pale blue precipitate of copper hydroxide dissolves in excess of ammonium hydroxide forming
tetraamine copper[II] sulphate, an azure blue(deep blue)soluble complex salt.
Cu(OH)2 +(NH4)2SO4 +2NH4OH [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 + 4H2O
Question 6
Give chemical equation (s) to prove that NH3 contains nitrogen and hydrogen.
Solution 6
This reaction is reversible and exothermic. From the reaction, it is proved that ammonia contains
nitrogen and hydrogen.
Also,
Ammonia burns with a yellowish flame. It produces water vapour and nitrogen. This shows that
ammonia contains nitrogen and hydrogen.
Question 7
Copy and complete the following equations:
(a) AlN + H2O
(b) 2NH3 + 3PbO
(c) NH3 +3Cl2
(d) NH3 + CO2
(i) Which property of ammonia is illustrated by equation (c)?
(ii) What important fertilizer is prepared from equation (d)? State the conditions
Solution 7
(a) AlN + 3H2O Al(OH)3 +NH3
(b) 2NH3 + 3PbO 3Pb + 3H2O + N2
(c) 8NH3 +3Cl2 N2 + 6NH4Cl
(d) 2NH3 + CO2 NH2CONH2 + H2O
(i) Ammonia act as reducing agent is explained by equation (c).
(ii) Urea the nitrogenous fertilizer is prepared from equation (d).
Question 8
What do you observe when ammonium hydroxide is added to the aqueous solution of:
(a) FeSO4
(b) Iron(III)Chloride
(c) Lead nitrate
(d)Zinc nitrate?
Solution 8
(a) Dirty green ppt. of Ferrous hydroxide is formed which is insoluble in excess of NH 4OH.
FeSO4 + 2NH4OH [NH4]2SO4 + Fe(OH)2
(b) Reddish brown ppt. of ferric hydroxide is formed which is insoluble in ammonium hydroxide.
FeCl3 + 3NH4OH 3NH4Cl + Fe(OH)3
(c) White ppt. of lead hydroxide is formed which is insoluble in NH 4OH.
Pb(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH 2NH4NO3 + Pb(OH)2
(d)White gelatinous ppt. of Zinc hydroxide is formed which is soluble in NH 4OH.
Zn(NO3)2 + 2NH4OH 2NH4NO3 + Zn(OH)2
Question 9
Give a chemical test to distinguish between the following:
(a) Ammonium chloride and sodium chloride
(b) Ferric salt and ferrous salt
(c) Sodium sulphate and ammonium sulphate
Solution 9
(a) NH4Cl NH3 + HCl
NH4Cl on strong heating sublimes to form dense white fumes which condense to white powdery mass
on cooler parts of the tube whereas no white fumes on heating NaCl.
(b) When ammonium hydroxide is added drop wise to solution to be tested.
Ferrous salt gives dirty green ppt.
Ferric salt gives reddish brown ppt of their hydroxides.
(c) (NH4)2SO4 on warming with NaOH sol. gives NH3 gas. Sodium sulphate does not liberate NH 3 gas.
Question 11
Name:
(a) The gas which is prepared by Haber's process
(b) Two gases which give dense white fumes with ammonia
(c) One salt of ammonia in each case which is used in :
(i) Dry cell (ii) explosives (iii) medicine.
(d) An acidic gas which reacts with basic gas liberating a neutral gas.
(e) A metallic chloride soluble in ammonium hydroxide.
(f) The gas obtained when ammonia burns in an atmosphere of oxygen without any catalyst.
(g) A nitride of a divalent metal which reacts with warm water liberating ammonia.
(h) An amphoteric oxide reduced by the basic gas.
(i) A white salt produced by an acid gas and a basic gas.
Solution 11
(a) Ammonia
(b) Hydrogen chloride and chlorine gas.
(c) (i) Ammonium chloride
(i) Ammonium nitrate
(ii) Ammonium carbonate
(d) Acidic gas: HCl
Basic gas: Ammonia
Neutral gas: NH4Cl
(e) Silver chloride
(f) Nitrogen
(g) Magnesium nitride
(h) Lead oxide
(i) Ammonium chloride
Question 12
When ammonium hydroxide is added to solution B, a pale blue precipitate is formed. This pale blue
precipitate dissolves in excess ammonium hydroxide giving an inky blue solution. What is the cation
(positive ion) present in solution B? What is the probable colour of solution B.
Solution 12
CuSO4 + 2NH4OH (NH4)2SO4 +Cu(OH)2 [Pale blue]
The cation present in solution B is Copper (Cu+2).
The colour of solution B is Blue.
The pale blue precipitate of copper hydroxide dissolves in excess of ammonium hydroxide forming
tetraamine copper[II] sulphate, an azure blue(deep blue) soluble complex salt.
Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4 +2NH4OH [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 + 4H2O
Question 13
When an ammonium salt is warmed with sodium hydroxide solution, ammonia gas is evolved. State
three ways in which you can identify this gas.
Solution 13
Three ways in which ammonia gas can be identified is:
It has a sharp characteristic odour
When a glass rod dipped in HCl is brought in contact with the gas white colour fumes of ammonium
chloride are formed
It turns moist red litmus blue, moist turmeric paper brown and phenolphthalein solution pink.
Question 14
A gas 'A 'reacts with another gas 'B' in the presence of a catalyst to give a colourless gas 'C'. The gas
'C' when comes in contact with air produces a brown gas 'D'. The solution of 'A' in water turns red
litmus blue. Explain the observations.
Solution 14
As the 'A' turns red litmus blue it is a [Link] the gas 'A' combines with 'B' in presence of Catalyst to
give colourless gas Nitrogen monoxide. It reacts with oxygen to give brown gas which is Nitrogen
dioxide.
A= NH3
B= O2
C=NO
D=NO2
Reactions:
4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O + Heat
2NO + O2 2NO2
NH3 in water forms NH4OH which turns red litmus blue.
Question 15
(a)Name the common refrigerant .How does it deplete ozone layer?
(b)What is the alternative of chlorofluorocarbon?
(c)State the advantages and disadvanatages of using ammonia as refrigerant?
Solution 15
(a) The main refrigerants used are Freon chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). They deplete ozone layer. The
chlorofluorocarbons are decomposed by ultraviolet rays to highly reactive chlorine which is produced in
the atomic form.
The free radical [Cl] reacts with ozone and chlorine monoxide is formed.
This causes depletion of ozone layer and chlorine monoxide so formed reacts with atomic oxygen and
produces more chlorine free radicals.
ClO + O Cl + O2
Again this free radical destroys ozone and the process continues thereby giving rise to ozone
depletion.
(b) Liquid ammonia can be used as a refrigerant, as an alternative for chlorofluorocarbons.
(c) Advantages of ammonia as refrigerant:
(i) Ammonia is environmentally compatible. It does not deplete ozone layer and does not contribute
towards global warming.
(ii) It has superior thermodynamic qualities as a result ammonia refrigeration systems use less
electricity.
Ammonia has a recognizable odour and so leaks are not likely to escape.
Question 16
Name a compound prepared by ammonia and is used as:
(a) Explosive
(b) Fertilizers
(c) Medicine
(d) Laboratory reagent
Solution 16
(a) Explosive: ammonium nitrate
(b) Medicine: ammonium carbonate
(c) Fertilizers: ammonium sulphate
(d) Laboratory reagent: ammonia solution
Question 17
Write the equation for the action of heat on:
(a) Ammonium chloride
(b) Ammonium nitrate
State whether each reaction is an example of thermal decomposition or thermal dissociation.
Solution 17
(a) Ammonium chloride
NH4Cl NH3 +HCl
(b) Ammonium nitrate
NH4NO3 N2O +2H2O
Both are examples of Thermal dissociation.
Question 18
(a) Which feature of ammonia molecule leads to the formation of the ammonium ion when ammonia
dissolves in water?
(b) Name the other ion formed when ammonia dissolves in water.
(c) Give one test that can be used to detect the presence of the ion produced in (b).
Solution 18
(a)It is the basic nature of ammonia molecule.
(b)Hydroxyl ion (NH3 +H2O NH4+ + OH-)
(c) The red litmus paper turns blue in the solution.
Question 19
(a) Of the two gases, ammonia and hydrogen chloride, which is more dense? Name the method of
collection of this gas.
(b) Give one example of a reaction between the above two gases which produce a solid compound.
(c) Write the balanced equation for a reaction in which ammonia is oxidized by:
(i) A metal oxide
(ii) a gas which is not oxygen
Solution 19
(a) HCl gas is more dense [V.D.=18.25,V.D. of ammonia =8.5] and it is collected by the upward
displacement of air.
(b) NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl
(c) Balanced equation:
(a) 2NH3 +3CuO 3Cu +3H2O +N2
(b) 2NH3 +3Cl2 N2 + 6HCl
Question 20
Study the flow chart given and give balanced equations to represent the reactions A, B and C.
Solution 20
A. Mg3N2 + 6H2O → 3Mg(OH)2 + 2NH3
B. NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl
Or
8NH3 + 3Cl2 → 6NH4Cl + N2
C. NH4Cl + NaOH → NaCl + NH3 + H2O
Question 21
a. Ammonia reacts with excess chlorine to form _________.
(nitrogen/nitrogen trichloride/ammonium chloride)
b. Write a balanced chemical equation: Ammonium hydroxide is added to ferrous sulphate solution.
c. Write observation: Ammonia gas is passed over heated copper (II) oxide.
Solution 21
a. Ammonia reacts with excess chlorine to form nitrogen trichloride.
b. Ammonium hydroxide is added to ferrous sulphate solution.
2NH4OH + FeSO4⟶ Fe(OH)2 ↓ + (NH4)2SO4
c. When ammonia gas is passed over heated copper (II) oxide, black copper oxide is reduced to
greyish metallic copper.
Question 2008
a. Write the equation for the following: Aluminium nitride and water
b. Choose the correct option from the following: Ammonia can be obtained by adding water to
A. : Ammonium chloride
B. : Ammonium nitrite
C. : Magnesium nitride
D. : Magnesium nitrate
Solution 2008
a.
b. C.: Magnesium nitride
Question 2009
a. Name the gas evolved in each case [formula is not acceptable]. The gas that burns in oxygen with a
green flame.
b. Write a fully balanced equation for - Magnesium nitride is treated with warm water.
c. Identify the substance '0' based on the information given - The white crystalline solid 'Q' is soluble in
water. It liberates a pungent smelling gas when heated with sodium hydroxide solution.
Solution 2009
a. Ammonia
b. .
c. 'Q' is ammonium chloride.
Question 2010
a. Complete the blanks (i) to (v) in the passage given using the following words. [Ammonium, reddish
brown, hydroxyl, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, dirty green, alkaline, acidic]. In the presence of a catalyst,
nitrogen and hydrogen combine to give (i) ………. gas. When the same gas is passed through water, it
forms a solution which will be (ii) ………… in nature and will contain the ions (iii) ………… and (iv)
………… A (v) ………… coloured precipitate of iron [H] hydroxide is formed when the above solution is
added to iron [II] sulphate solution.
b. State your observation when - In the absence of catalyst, ammonia is burnt in an atmosphere of
oxygen.
c. Give the equation for the reaction: Ammonium chloride is heated with sodium hydroxide.
d. In the manufacture of ammonia,
i. Name the process
ii. State the ratio of the reactants
iii. State the catalyst used
iv. Give the equation for the manufacture of the gas - ammonia.
e. Write a relevant equation to show that ammonia acts as a reducing agent.
f. Name two gases which can be used to study the fountain experiment. State the common property
demonstrated by the fountain experiment.
Solution 2010
a.
i. Ammonia
ii. Alkaline
iii. Ammonium
iv. Hydroxyl
v. Dirty green
b. Ammonia burns with a yellowish flame. It produces water vapour and nitrogen.
d.
i. Haber's process
ii. 1 part of nitrogen gas and 3 parts of hydrogen gas
iii. Finely divided iron (Fe)
e.
f.
i. Ammonia and hydrogen chloride gas
ii. High solubility of gases in water
Question 2011
a. State what is observed when - Ammonium hydroxide is first added in a small quantity and then in
excess to a solution of copper sulphate.
b. The diagram below shows the setup for the laboratory preparation of a pungent alkaline gas.
i. Name the gas collected in the jar.
ii. Give a balanced equation for the above preparation.
iii. State how the above gas is collected.
iv. Name the drying agent used.
v. State how you will find out that the jar is full of the pungent gas.
c. Write a balanced chemical equation - Chlorine reacts with excess of ammonia.
d. State your observation - Water is added to the product formed when Al is burnt in a jar of nitrogen
gas.
Solution 2011
a. In small quantity: A bluish white ppt. is obtained.
In excess quantity: A deep blue solution is obtained.
b.
i. Ammonia
ii.
iii. By downward displacement of air
iv. Quicklime/CaO
v. Bring a moist red litmus paper to the mouth of the inverted jar if it immediately turns blue.
Or
Bring a glass rod dipped in hydrochloric acid to the mouth of the inverted jar. If it produces dense white
fumes, then the jar is full of gas.
c.
d. Pungent smelling basic gas called ammonia is evolved.
Question 2012
a. Name - The gas produced when excess ammonia reacts with chlorine.
b. Rewrite the correct statement with the missing word/s: Magnesium nitride reacts with water to
liberate ammonia.
c. Give a balanced equation for the reaction: Ammonia and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst.
d. The following questions are based on the preparation of ammonia gas in the laboratory:
i. Explain why ammonium nitrate is not used in the preparation of ammonia.
ii. Name the compound normally used as a drying agent during the process.
iii. How is ammonia gas collected? Explain why it is not collected over water.
Solution 2012
a. Nitrogen
b. Magnesium nitride reacts with boiling water to liberate ammonia.
c.
d.
i. Ammonium nitrate is a highly explosive substance and cannot be heated.
ii. Quicklime/CaO
iii. By the downward displacement of air or upward delivery as it is lighter than air.
It is not collected over water because it easily dissolves in water.
Question 2013
a. State one appropriate observation for: Excess of chlorine gas is reacted with ammonia gas.
b. Nitrogen gas can be obtained by heating
i. Ammonium nitrate
ii. Ammonium nitrite
iii. Magnesium nitride
iv. Ammonium chloride
c. State two relevant observations for: Ammonium hydroxide solution is added to zinc nitrate solution
slowly and then in excess.
d. Give a balanced equation for: Reduction of hot copper (II) oxide to copper using ammonia gas.
e. Copy and complete the following table relating to important industrial process:
Name of the Temperature Catalyst Equation for
process the catalysed reaction
Haber's
process
f. Identify: An alkaline gas which produces dense white fumes when reacted with HCl gas.
Solution 2013
a. A yellow-coloured explosive is formed.
b. Ammonium nitrite
c.
i. When added in small quantity, it forms a gelatinous white ppt.
ii. When added in excess, it dissolves to form a complex salt.
d.
e.
Name Temperature Catalyst Equation for the catalysed reaction
of the
process
Haber's 450-500°C Finely
process divided
iron
(Fe)
f. Ammonia
Question 2014
a. Fill in the blank from the choices given in brackets: Ammonia gas is collected by ………….
[upward displacement of air, downward displacement of water downward displacement of air].
b. Write a balanced equation for: Action of warm water on magnesium nitride.
c. Distinguish between the following pairs of compounds using the test given in brackets:
i. Iron[II] sulphate and iron[III] sulphate (using ammonium hydroxide)
ii. A lead salt and a zinc salt (using excess ammonium hydroxide)
d. State your observation: Calcium hydroxide is heated with ammonium chloride crystals.
e. Name the other ion formed when ammonia dissolves in water. Give one test that can be used to
detect the presence of the ion produced.
f. State the conditions required for: Catalytic oxidation of ammonia to nitric oxide.
Solution 2014
a. Downward displacement of air.
b.
.
c.
i. Iron(II) sulphate: Gives dirty green ppt. with ammonium hydroxide insoluble in excess.
ii. Iron(III) sulphate: Gives reddish brown ppt. with ammonium hydroxide insoluble in excess.
d. A colourless pungent-smelling ammonia gas is obtained.
e.
i. Hydroxyl (OH-) ion other than ammonium ion
ii. Red litmus turns blue, methyl orange turns yellow and phenolphthalein turns pink.
f. In the presence of platinum catalyst at 800°C.
Question 2015
(a) Give balanced chemical equations for
(i) Lab preparation of ammonia using ammonium salt
(ii) Reaction of ammonia with excess of chlorine
(iii) Reaction of ammonia with sulphuric acid
(b) From the list of gases - ammonia, ethane, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulphide, select the gas
which is used as a reducing agent in reducing copper oxide to copper.
Solution 2015
(a)
(i) 2NH4Cl + Ca (OH)2 → CaCl2 + 2H2O + 2NH3
(ii) NH3 + 3Cl2→ NCl3 + 3HCl
(Nitrogen trichloride)
(iii) 2NH3 + H2SO4→ (NH4)2SO4
Ammonium sulphate
(b) Ammonia (NH3)
Question 2016 (a)
Name
(a) Name the gas evolved when the following mixtures are heated :
(i) Calcium hydroxide and Ammonium Chloride
(ii) Sodium Nitrite and Ammonium Chloride
Solution 2016 (a)
(i) Ammonia
(ii) Nitrogen
Question 2016 (b)
(b) Write balanced chemical equations for each of the following :
(i) When excess of ammonia is treated with chlorine.
(ii) An equation to illustrate the reducing nature of ammonia.
Solution 2016 (b)
(i) 8NH3 + 3Cl2→ N2 + 6NH4Cl
(ii) 3PbO + 2NH3→3Pb + 3H2O + N2