Name: Date: Period: Graphing Skill #1: What Type of Graph is it? ‘There are several types of graphs that scientists often use to display data, ‘They include: es [Pie Graphs Bar Graphs Line Graphs Scatter Plots lr > Dasa vale | + Aspesiegpe otbar connote ‘* Dependent variable is graph » Dependent vida 1s «+ Points are plotied using x= NOT continuous . dent variable mus —e aid y- eas Sera ceeeise. (pees | Sere eee eae itseisinie Xa | Ginbegrepatian | 83cm nmr enh ener en oh «ipa typically don’t ouch ‘defined “chunks” ‘Pi poing are connected ‘observations are LP ence PE eaten Peeters 12 Sree, | lebeiniea coca sr Fecousseorstequney | + Yanai vacuo | SAME NOT dae fxn rcarora teeny | xtra di Se provow ve) (count) Leg ne Uses a bestfit line or. L |__euve ta show relitonship Fused on these definitions, and the descriptions of the experiments below, please put an “X” in the bos for the type of graph that would be most appropriate (some descriptions may have several graph types that would be appropriate; you only need to select one), |_# | Deseripti orgy | Pie | Bar] Histo. | Line [Scatter x | Agtaph showing the number of 5" graders who 3 _ prefer Coke or Pepsi : 1 | ABriph showing how a newbom baby's weight | y changes over time | 2 | Agtaph showing the percentage of the class earning xX | As, Bs, and Cs. Il ‘| 3 | Agraph showing the distribution of trees of different | x Size groups (e.g. 0-10cm, 10-20cm, etc...) ina forest L 4 | Agraph showing the relationship between height x | and arm length bese sare5 5 | Agraph showing the percentage of an allowance x Tx ~_| spent on different categories (e.g. food, movies, ete) 6 | Agtaph showing the amount of rainfall, by month % over @ 12 month period a | 7 | Agraph showing the number of ice cream cones Pea purchased as a function of the day's temperature K A graph showing the number of pushups done each X Gay during a 2-week taining program —_ f‘Name: Date: Period: Graphing Skill #2: Labeling Axes ‘When labeling your axes, keep 3 things in mind: F pie independent (manipulated) variable is writen along the horizontal axis (X axis) & Dependent (responding) variable is written along the vertical axis (Y axis) 9 Units on any variables should be included in parentheses ( ) following the axis ttle Practice Problems For each experiment described below, write the independent and dependent variable on the appropriate axis. Be sure to include units when appropriate. SAMPLE: A farmer wants to know if tere is a lationship belwoen Ihe amount of Taalicer @] Kilograms) she uses and how tall her com grows (in centimeters), orn Height (em) ‘Arount of Fertilizer (4g) | Graph I: A ball ts dropped from several Graph 2: A candie was burned under glass distances above the floor. in meters) and the Jars of different volumes (in mL) to see if the height it bounces is then measured in volume of the jar affects the length of time | Tee seconds) the candle bums. \ Y> | g | $ é fs tg i 4 gé& Hetzhty Co) Volume Tot Ent.) Graph 3: Is there a relationship between the numbers of hours a student studies and the score s/he gets on the weekly quiz? Graph 4: Geologists wanted to know If there was a relationship between the density (in g/cm’) of a rock and how many meters down it was collegted from, ae > ‘ * a s gs & Hesse Stuelicd Depth of collecten Cay)Name: Date: Period: Graph 5: Sea otters were counted over a several years fo see if their numbers were decreasing over time. Marlee ot Se otters Graph 6: Does the amount of nitrogen in the soil (ineasured in kilograms) affect com production (measured in kilograms)? 8 con __Mrcegen En $ei| ba) _| Graph 7: Do longer pendulums (measured in cm) have Aigher frequencies (measured in Hertz)? Frequency (ie Lengtn Com) Graph 8: Does the grade point average that a student earns in college depend on his/her SAT score from high school? f 6 SAT Scomel PS) Graph 9: How does the depth of a river (in meters) impact its speed (measured in meters per second)? > 8 Speed (mb “River Depin Cm) Graph 10: Sea otters were counted overa several years to see if their numbers were decreasing over time. if “4 2. ea Sea OHeTS Graph 11: Does the length of time an ice cube is in water (in seconds) affect the temperature of the water (in degrees Celsius)? 2) Temperature Graph 12: Does the amount of nitrogen in the soil (measured in kilograms) affect corn production ensured in kilograms)? ( Cora Producten " Niregen OR3)Name: Date: Period: Graphing Skill #3: Sealing Ax ‘There are a few important steps involved in correctly scaling an axis: ©. STEP 1: Find the range for the variable © Range = Largest Value - Smallest Value 0 STEP 2: Divide the range by the number of intervals you want (not too many or too few). We don’t want all of the data smooshed in only part of the graph; spread it out. © After dividing, we may need to round up to get a number that is easy to count by. (It is easier to count by 2s instead of 1.95) 9 STEP 3: Use the rounded number to mark off intervals along the axis. © The interval must be the same amount each time (count up by the same number), STEP 1: What is the range of my data? Find the range of the data for each column below. EX, [Mass (2) A) [_ Students 1B) [Distanee (em) ] | ¢) [Time @) i 100 3 0.22 i 99 3 0.51 4 38 6 | 0.78 19 70 7 1.01 | 26 72 9 1.23 30 64 10 1.60 “a 35 2 174 Largest #__40 _| Largest #:_1O@ | Largest #: [2 | Largest #: 1.74 Smallest #:__5 Smallest #: 5°5__ | Smallest #: 3 Smallest #: +» 22. Renge:WO5= 35 |Ronge: 4 =| Range:__4 Range:__\-52. STEP 2: What number do I count by? Assume that our graph has 10 intervals (places to _put numbers), If needed, round up to get to a good counting number. A) A) B) ° Range=___ 35. Range =_U 5 Range =__Ct Range =_ 1-52 # of intervals =__10_ | #fintervals=_1©_ | # ofintervals=_!© | # of intervals = q Range 3535) 4S yas L=g oe 2/52 | Intervals” 10 To lo TO Round te unt = 4] ound +05] Reend-to | “Reon a‘Name: Date: Peri STEP 3: What does my scale look like? Each of the scales for the dependent variables has a jing values on it. Please fill in any missing values. B) ° D) 5) Each of the scales for the independent variables has a few missing values on it. Please fill in any missing values. AGE itil WE eee Pri alee | Prd oe te eee ok T Tt Cotas | a Tt 03 6 7% 19 4 ot 2 90 93 0.2.4 6 Ble 12 ty 18 2022 Putting it all together: Please create appropriate sealing for each ax have 10 intervals here! Count them. Note: you do not Time vs, Distance Distance (m) Time (5) i ] 10.3 Ls 20.2 29 eee 43 404 38 | ! 49.1 70 60.9 87. 70.2 10.0 -- 80.1 4 1 90.6 12.9 - | ht + Ls 32 5872 8S lage 3. Hm Ie Distance (m) Ge JNam Date: Period: Graphing Skill #4: Plotting Points Plotting points can be easy if you follow these simple steps... co STEP 1: Select the first pair of values from the data table (X and Y). a STEP 2: Drawa light dashed line up from the number on the X axis and over from the number on Y axis. © One you get good at plotting points, you won’t need to draw these lines anymore a STEP 3: Where these dotted lines eross, put a dark point, Repeat for the next pair of points. Practice: Please plot these points. The first pair has been plotted for you as an example. is Graph: How ne pent staying els ACT sores Spent | Score ws studying | (8) (hours) pee es = a 20-170 * | 30 fp 19.0 gS 7 | ae eet | 50 | 330) 0 - | | 350 7 | 270) ws so | 39.0 { 9031.0 sis Ee es | ne Set big es More Practice: Please plot these points i Sing | prequen Lene | Fomor’ |] ‘ (x) | 10 | + = eae 30 . 40 ‘ fee eae » +e‘Name: Date: Period: Graphing Skill #5: Best-Fit Line or Curve With seatter plots it is important to put a be relationships exist. 9 Doyounotice a pattern or trend in the data? Ifo, draw a straight line or curve that represents that trend 1 All poimts should lie on or very near the line 5 For points not on the line, about half should be above the line and half below the line The sum of the distance between the line and all points above should approximate the sum of the distance between the line and all points below (residual values) 3 Your line should not extend beyond the range of your data -fit line or curve through points where For each of the following graphs, please add the best-fit line or curve. The first one has been done for you. Ex. Reladantip Deteen mis an volume water 'A)——_Rettioshipbeooen sistance nd tine of droped obec B) low the volume of wer fects the ns ©) ray Poputation na hse { TG = ] s eS | = E | a ; |‘Name: Date: Period: Graphing Skill #6: Creating Titles When writing a title for you graph, please remember: 0 Must communicate the dependent and independent variables 3 Can be presented in the form “Y versus X” 1 Some graphs need more explanation than others. Make sure your reader would be able to understand what your data represent Corn Height vs. Amount of Fertilizer item) ‘Amount of Feira) OR ‘SAMPLE: A farmer wants to know if there is a relationship between the amount of fertilizer Gn | kilograms) she uses and how tall her com grows (in centimeters). Relationship between Corn Height and the Amount of Fertilizer Used ‘Amount of Fersizer (ks) Graph I: A ball is dropped from several distances above the floor (in meters) and the height it bounces is then measured (in centimeters). aFeet 0 Detar: above Lleo mo He ght 2 Dali bources Bounce Distance Dropped (=) Graph 2: A candle was bumed under glass jars of different volumes (in mL) to see if the volume of the jar affects the length of time (in seconds) the candle burns. SORcot of Vo lomi of Jar on Leng+n c€ Timed Candie Serns ‘Conde Bum Tine) Jar Volume (nk) Graph 3: A fisherman used fishing lines of several different gauges (test pounds) and recorded the number of fish caught on each gauge. ErkReaA of Fishing Line Cau on Nember of Fish Caugint Number of Fish Cough Line Strengh test pounds) Graph 4: Geologists wanted to know if there was a relationship between the density of a rock and how many meters down it was collected from. Effect of i} 2. (oad ens it Ceci Depth EB (em’) Densi Depth of Cotction ()‘Name: Date: Period: Graph 5: Is there a relationship between the numbers of hours a student studies and the score s/he gets on the weekly quiz? Emmet of Studying on Grades ‘Weekly Quiz Seore Time Spend Stadving (he) Graph 6: A scientist studied the relationship between amount of rain (in em) and the numbers of zebra babies born each spring. Effect of cary on number of Zevre bad eS born Baby Zebras Bon ‘Amount of Rain (em) Graph 7: Do longer pendulums (measured in em) have higher frequencies (measured in Hertz)? Frequency (tz) Pendulum Length (6m) ECTect of ASN : \erepin on Reger I Graph 8: Does the grade point average that a student earns in college depend on his/her SAT score from high school? effect of HS SAT Score of Coeac GPA is) College GPA High Scholl SAT Score Graph 9: How does the depth of a river (in meters) impact its speed (measured in meters per second)? Eekect of , |Rwer Depir oo g Spee k 5 RiverDepth Graph 10; Sea otters were counted over a number of years to see if their numbers were decreasing over time. Change 19 sea re Pepularied Overtime : g 2 2 Year Graph 11: Does the length of time an ice cube is in water (in seconds) affect the temperature of the water (in degrees Celsius)? Eee of Time] #7 | \ce Cues 19 88 | Wares OO ub emperaore ge Graph 12: Does the amount of nitrogen in the soil (measured in kilograms) affect com production (measured in kilograms)? Eee of Amoomt Of Nitro in. Selo Lorn Ode cho Com Proton (ke) Time in Water (6) Amount of Nitzogen (kg) “7 1)