Chapter 10 Review Name: ____________________________________
AP Statistics-Adams Period: ______ Date: _______________________
Multiple Choice
1. A fair die is rolled 60 times, and the value of χ 2 is computed using expected counts of 10 for
each face. If this is repeated many times, the shape of the distribution of the values of χ 2
should be
A. approximately normal.
B. skewed right.
C. skewed left.
D. uniform.
E. bimodal.
2. The major difference between the chi-square test of homogeneity and the chi-square test of
independence is the
A. number of categories.
B. sample size.
C. method of sampling.
D. size of the χ 2 statistic.
E. number of degrees of freedom.
3. Which of these statements is not true?
A. A chi-square test of independence that is statistically significant shows a cause-and-effect
relationship.
B. A segmented bar chart is useful in observing when two variables might be associated.
C. As the number of categories increases, the χ 2 distribution approaches the normal
distribution.
D. The chi-square tests involve categorical variables.
E. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test is an extension of the z-test to more than two
categories.
4. The null hypothesis is rejected in a chi-square test of significance when
A. the test conditions are satisfied.
B. the P-value is larger than α , the level of significance.
C. the P-value is larger than 1 − α .
D. the χ 2 statistic is smaller than the critical value for the given level of significance.
E. the χ 2 statistic is larger than the critical value for the given level of significance.
5. Which test is appropriate for determining whether a random-digit generator is truly random in
terms of the proportions of each digit it produces?
A. the chi-square goodness-of-fit test
B. the chi-square test of homogeneity
C. the chi-square test of independence
D. Either B or C is appropriate.
E. None of these tests is appropriate.
[Link] that 85% of all Americans are right-handed, 10% are left-handed, and 5% are
ambidextrous. A random sample of 114 Mississippians includes 80 right-handers, 31 left-
handers, and 3 ambidextrous. What is the value of the χ 2 statistic for the goodness-of-fit
test that the distribution of handedness for all Mississippians is the same as the distribution
for all Americans, and what is the correct conclusion?
A. χ 2 ≈ 37.92; not significant at the 0.05 level
B. χ 2 ≈ 37.92; significant at the 0.05 level
C. χ 2 ≈ 2.37; not significant at the 0.05 level
D. χ 2 ≈ 2.37; significant at the 0.05 level
E. Because the conditions are not satisfied, significance can’t be determined.
7. An educator randomly selects 300 statistics students to check whether there is a relationship
between a student passing the course and his or her number of absences. These results
were reported.
Number of Classes Missed
0–1 2–3 4 or More Total
Passed Statistics Course 30 50 100 180
Didn’t Pass Statistics Course 10 30 80 120
Total 40 80 180 300
For a chi-square test of independence, what type of error may have been made?
A. Type I: the P-value was greater than 0.05.
B. Type I: the P-value was less than 0.05.
C. Type II: the P-value was greater than 0.05.
D. Type II: the P-value was less than 0.05.
E. Either type of error is possible.
Short Answer
8. In Question 7, what is the expected count for the number of students who were absent 0 or 1
time and who also passed the statistics course? Show your computation.
⎛ 180 ⎞
40 ⎜ ⎟ = 24
⎝ 300 ⎠
Chapter 10 Review Name: ____________________________________
AP Statistics-Adams Period: ______ Date: _______________________
Matching
9. Match the survey designs in parts a–c with the most appropriate chi-square test: goodness of
fit, homogeneity, or independence.
a. You are told that the number of cracked M&M’s depends on color. To check this claim, you
randomly select 100 M&M’s and sort by color and whether the M&M is cracked or
uncracked.
a. chi-square test of independence
b. You are told that the distribution of M&M’s colors is as follows: 13% red, 16% green,
14% yellow, 20% orange, 24% blue and 13% brown. To check this claim, you randomly
select a sample of M&M’s and count the number of M&M’s of each color.
b. chi-square test of goodness of fit
c. You are told that the number of cracked M&M’s depends on color. To check this claim, you
randomly select 100 M&M’s of each color and count the number of cracked and uncracked
M&M’s of each color.
c. chi-square test of homogeneity
Open Ended
10. A sociology class is interested in knowing whether there is a relationship between personality
style and type of extracurricular activity. The class took a random sample of 200 students
from a large high school and recorded these data.
Personality Style
Extrovert Normal Introvert
Sports 21 44 25
Type of
Extracurricular Club 16 33 20
Activity
None 3 16 22
Using the standard four-step process (name test and check conditions; state hypotheses;
compute test statistic and P-value and draw a sketch; and write a conclusion in context), test
the null hypothesis that personality style and type of extracurricular activity are independent.
Name the test. Chi-square test of independence.
Check conditions. A random sample was taken from one large population. Each outcome can be
classified into one of three categories for each of the two variables. The expected number in each cell is
at least 5. The table of expected counts is shown here.
Personality Style
Extrovert Normal Introvert
Sports 18 41.85 30.15
Type of
Extracurricular Club 13.8 32.085 23.115
Activity
None 8.2 19.065 13.735
State your hypotheses.
H0: Personality style and activity type are independent in the population of all students in this high
school.
Ha: Personality style and activity type are not independent.
Compute the test statistic and P-value and draw a sketch.
(O − E )2
χ2 = ∑ ≈ 11.05
E
P -value ≈ 0.026 ; 4 degrees of freedom
Write a conclusion in context. Because the P-value of 0.026 is less than 0.05, the null hypothesis that
the two variables are independent can be rejected. In other words, there is evidence that there is an
association between personality style and activity type.
Chapter 10 Review Name: ____________________________________
AP Statistics-Adams Period: ______ Date: _______________________
11. A pollster was hired by a television studio to take a random sample of 400 high school
students, 100 from each of grades 9–12, and ask the students whether they watch at least
one reality television show on a regular basis. The percentages that replied yes for grades 9,
10, 11, and 12 were 28%, 18%, 30%, 33%, respectively. The studio wishes to know whether
there is evidence that the percentage varies among the grade levels.
a. What significance test would you use for this design—a test of goodness of fit,
homogeneity, or independence? Explain your choice.
A chi-square test of homogeneity because four independent random samples were taken
from four large populations.
b. Perform the test you selected, showing all four steps.
Name the test. Chi-square test of homogeneity.
Check conditions. Independent simple random samples of fixed sizes (100) were taken from four large
populations. Each outcome falls into exactly one of two categories (which are the same in all four
populations). The expected frequency is at least 5 in each cell. The table of expected counts is shown
here.
Grade
9 10 11 12 Total
Yes 27.25 27.25 27.25 27.25 109
No 72.75 72.75 72.75 72.75 291
Total 100 100 100 100 400
State your hypotheses.
H0: The proportion of all high school students who would reply yes (watch a reality show) is the same
for each grade level.
Ha: At least one grade level has a proportion of yes responses that is different from the proportion in
another grade level.
Compute the test statistic and P-value.
(O − E )2
χ2 = ∑ ≈ 6.39
E
P -value ≈ 0.094; 3 degrees of freedom
Write a conclusion in context. Because the P-value is larger than 0.05, there is not enough evidence
(at the 0.05 significance level) to reject the null hypothesis that the proportion of all high school students
who would reply yes (watch a reality TV show) is the same for the four grade levels.
