Show the value of OB to systematic study.

1. Define organizational behavior (OB)

Organizational behavior (OB) is a field of study that investigates the impact that
individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose
of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness. More
specifically, OB explores motivation; leader behavior and power; interpersonal
communication; group structure and processes; attitude development and perception;
change processes; conflict and negotiation; and work design.

1. Show the value to OB of systematic study.

2. Systematic Study of Behavior:

Behavior generally is predictable if we know how the person perceived the

situation and what is important to him or her.

Evidence-Based Management (EBM)

Complements systematic study.
Argues for managers to make decisions based on evidence.

Intuition
Systematic study and EBM add to intuition, or those "gut feelings" about "why I
do what I do" and "what makes others tick."
If we make all decisions with intuition or gut instinct, we're likely working with
incomplete information.

Many people say that the ideas and concepts of OB are common sense.
However, the systematic study of OB has come closer to finding ways to predict
the behavior of individuals and groups through an understanding of the situation
and composition of the people. Evidence-based management (EBM)
complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best
available scientific evidence. "Intuition" is a decision-making approach advocated
by numerous managers and pundits. However, if we make all decisions with
intuition or gut instinct, we're likely working with incomplete information. EBM and
the systematic study of behavior enhance the understanding of these internal
contributors to organization behavior.
Show the value to OB of systematic study
BIG DATA:
Background:
The use of Big Data for managerial practices is a relatively new area, but one that
holds convincing promise.
Current Usage:
The reasons for data analytics include predicting any event, detecting how much
 2 . Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.

There are some important disciplines in the organizational behavior field which developed it
[Link] to an increase in organizational complexity, various types of knowledge are
required and help in many ways. Use evidence as much as possible to inform your intuition
and experience .Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to
[Link] is a behavioral social science that merges concepts from a number of different
social sciences to apply specifically to the organizational setting at both the individual
(or micro) and group (or macro) levels. The most significant social sciences are
psychology, social psychology, sociology, anthropology and political science

1. Psychology.
2. Sociology.
3. Social Psychology.
4. Anthropology.
5. Political Sciences.

Psychology
Psychology has perhaps the first influence on the field of organizational behavior because it is
a science of behavior. A psychologist studies almost all aspects Of behavior.

Psychology deals with studying human behavior that seeks to explain and sometimes change the
behavior of humans and other animals.

Psychologists are primarily interested in predicting the behavior of individuals to a great extent
by observing the dynamics of personal factors.

Those who have contributed and continued to add to the knowledge of OB are teaching theorists,
personality theorists, counseling psychologists and primary, industrial and organizational
psychologists.

Some of the numerous areas of interest within the disciplines of psychology are:

 General Psychology
 Experimental Psychology
 Clinical Psychology
 Consumer Psychology
 Personality and Social Psychology
 Industrial Psychology
 Counseling Psychology
 Educational Psychology
 Consulting Psychology
 Understanding Psychological principles and its models help significantly in gaining the
knowledge of determinants of individual behavior such as

 the learning process,

 motivation techniques,
 personality determinants and development,
 perceptual process and its implications,
 training process,
 leadership effectiveness,
 job satisfaction,
 individual decision making,
 performance appraisal,
 attitude measurement,
 employee selection,
 job design and work stress.

Sociology
The major focus of sociologists is on studying the social systems in which individuals fill their
roles. The focus is on group dynamics.

They have made their greatest contribution to OB through their study of group behavior in
organizations, particularly formal and sophisticated organizations.

Sociological concepts, theories, models, and techniques help significantly to understand better
the group dynamics, organizational culture, formal organization theory and structure, corporate
technology, bureaucracy, communications, power, conflict, and intergroup behavior.

Psychologists are primarily interested in focusing their attention on individual behavior.

Key concepts of Sociology are;

Most sociologists today identify the discipline by using one of the three statements:

 Sociology deals with human interaction arid this communication are the key influencing
factor among people in social settings.
 Sociology is a study of plural behavior. Two or more interacting individuals constitute a
plurality pattern of behavior
 Sociology is the systematic study of social systems:

A social system is an operational social unit that is structured to serve a purpose.

It consists of two or more persons of different status with various roles playing a part in a pattern
that is sustained by a physical and cultural base.
 When analyzing organizing as a social system, the following elements exist:

 People or actors
 Acts or Behavior
 Ends or Goals
 Norms, rules, or regulation controlling conduct or behavior
 Beliefs held by people as actors
 Status and status relationships
 Authority or power to influence other actors
 Role expectations, role performances, and role relationships.

Therefore, organizations are viewed by sociologies as consists of a variety of people with

different roles, status, and degrees of authority.

The organization attempts to achieve certain generalized and specific objectives.

To attain some of the abstract ends such as the development of company loyalty, the
organization’s leaders appeal to the shared cultural base.

Social Psychology
It has been defined as the scientific investigation of how the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of
individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied the presence of others.

It deals with how people are affected by other individuals who are physically present or who are
imagined to be present or even whose presence is implied.

In general, sociology focuses on how groups, organizations, social categories, and societies are
organized, how they function, how they change.

The unit of analysis is the group as a whole rather than the individuals who compose the group.

Social Psychology deals with many of the same phenomena but seeks to explain whole
individual human interaction and human cognition influences culture and is influenced by
culture.

The unit of analysis is the individual within the group.

In reality, some forms of sociology are closely related to social psychology.

Social Psychologists study an enormous range of topics including conformity, persuasion, power,
influence, obedience, prejudice, discrimination, stereotyping, sexism and racism, small groups,
social categories, inter-group behavior, crowd behavior, social conflict, social change, decision
making, etc.
Among them, the most important topics relevant to the organizational behavior field are
behavioral change, attitude change, communication, group process, and group decision making.

Social psychologists making significant contributions. Social psychologists making significant

contributions to measuring, understanding and improving attitudes, communication patterns in
how groups can satisfy individual needs and group decision-making processes.

Anthropology
The main aim of anthropology is to acquire a better understanding of the relationship between
the human being and the environment.

Adaptations to surroundings constitute culture. The manner in which people view their
surroundings is a part of the culture.

Culture includes those ideas shared by groups of individuals and languages by which these
ideas are communicated. In essence, culture is a system of learned behavior.

Their work on culture and environment has helped us to understand differences in fundamental
values, attitudes, and behavior among people in different countries and within different
organizations.

Much of our current understandings of organizational culture, environments, and differences

between national cultures are the results of the work of anthropologists or those using their
methodologies.

The world is the laboratory of anthropologists, and human beings must be studied in the natural
habitat. Understanding the importance of studying man in natural settings over time enables one
to grasp the range of anthropology.

Familiarity within some of the cultural differences of employees can lead to greater managerial
objectivity and depth in the interpretation of behavior and performance.

Anthropologists contribute to study some aspects of organizational settings – similar values,

comparative attitudes, cross-cultural analysis between or among the employees.

Political Sciences
Contributions of political scientists are significant to the understanding of behavior in
organizations. Political scientists study the behavior of individuals and groups within a political
environment.
They contribute to understanding the dynamics of power centers, structuring of conflict and
conflict resolution tactics, allocation of power and how people manipulate power for individual
self-interest.

In a business field, organizations wanted to attain supremacy in their field and indulge in
politicking activities to gain maximum advantages by following certain tasks like
Machiavellianism, coalition formation, malpractices, etc.