Negros Occidental National Science High School
First Semester
Comprehensive Examination
General Biology 1
I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the CORRECT answer. ANY form of ERASURE is considered
WRONG (For numbers 1-30 only).
1. He is a German botanist who viewed plants under the microscope and discovered that plants are made up
of cells.
a. Matthias Schleiden c. Robert Hooke
b. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek d. Theodor Schwann
2. It contains a solution of chemicals like sugar, proteins, mineral salts, wastes and pigments.
a. Lysosomes c. Peroxisomes
b. Vacuole d. Cytoplasm
3. At the beginning of mitosis or meiosis (e.g., after condensation), the recently replicated copies of a
chromosome are known as
a. Homologues c. Sister chromatids
b. Chromatin d. Tetrads
4. It is a phase of the cell cycle where metabolic activity proceeds at a normal rate and enzymes related to
DNA replication is synthesized
a. G1 phase c. S phase
b. G2 phase d. M phase
5. In what phases is the genetic material in the cell correctly referred to as chromatids?
a. interphase and telophase c. anaphase and metaphase
b. metaphase and prophase d. metaphase and telophase
6. Most cells are small. When they reach a certain size, cells typically divide. This has to do with the
a. amount of genetic material
b. Surface-to-volume ratio
c. inability to produce more components of the cell membrane
d. fact that they cannot possess sufficient numbers of organelles for normal cell functioning
7. Which organelle is responsible for this chemical transformation: energy + carbon dioxide + water ---->
carbohydrate + oxygen?
a. Golgi apparatus c. Mitochondria
b. Nucleus d. Chloroplast
8. Epithelia are classified on the basis of
a. cell size and shape of cells at the apical surface
b. shape of cells at the apical surface and secretions of cells
c. number of cell layers and shape of cells at the apical surface
d. number of cell layers and cell size
9. Carbohydrates are classified into 3 groups depending on its behavior on:
a. Condensation reaction c. Hydrolysis reaction
b. Condensation polymerization d. RedOx reaction
10. A ____________forms and holds 2 monosaccharide units together.
a. Ester bonds c. Peptide bonds
b. Glycosidic bonds d. Hydrogen bonds
11. These are chemical substances that combine with the functional groups of the amino acids in the active
site.
a. Inhibitors c. Irreversible inhibitors
b. Reversible inhibitors d. Competitive inhibitors
12. It is consist of a linear sequence of nucleotides that are linked together by phosphodiester bonds.
a. Quaternary structure c. Secondary structure
b. Tertiary structure d. Primary structure
13. It is responsible for the shape that nucleic acids assumes.
a. Quaternary structure c. Secondary structure
b. Tertiary structure d. Primary structure
14. Purines and pyrimidine are bonded together by ___________.
a. Hydrogen bonds c. Glycosidic bonds
b. Phosphodiester bonds d. Ester bonds
15. A peptide bond is formed when the acid group _______ of one amino acid joins with the _______of a
second amino acid.
a. COOH / NH2 c. OH / NH2
b. COOH / NH3 d. OH / NH3
16. Which of the following does not make Adenosine Triphosphate.
a. Deoxiribose c. Adenine
b. Ribose d. Phosphate group
17. It is a long molecule consisting for many similar building blocks
a. Monomer c. Polysaccharide
b. Monosaccharide d. Polymer
18. Monosaccharide have a general formula of __________________.
a. (CHO2)n c. (C2HO)n
b. (CH2O)n d. (CH2O)
19. It is a disaccharide consisting of an α-glucose molecule and a β-galactose molecule
a. α -lactose c. sucrose
b. lactose d. maltose
20. Which of the following produces the most ATP molecules
a. Carbohydrates c. Proteins
b. Lipids d. Nucleic acids
21. It is a series of chemical reactions that extract energy from glucose splitting it into two 3-Carbon
molecule.
a. Cellular respiration c. Citric Acid Cycle
b. Oxidative phospshorylation d. Glycolysis
22. In eukaryotes, the Citric Acid cycle takes place in the
a. Cytoplasm c. Intermembrane space
b. Matrix of the mitochondria d. Cristae
23. Breakdown of 1 glucose molecule how many NADH molecules in one single turn
a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 6
24. It is the actual process that creates ATP through the electron carriers NADH and FADH2.
a. Oxidative phosphorylation c. Chemiosmosis
b. Electron transport system d. Proton gradient
25. It is the molecule that passes the electron from complex I to complex II.
a. Cyt C c. O2 molecule
b. Q molecule d. Complex I
26. ______________ is the primary site of photosynthesis.
a. Stomata c. Leaf tissue
b. Mesophyll d. Chloroplasts
27. Light dependent reactions takes place in the_________________.
a. Grana c. Thylakoid space
b. Stroma d. Thylakoid membrane
28. How many carbon dioxide molecules are produced in each turn of the citric acid cycle?
a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 4
29. It is a membrane-spanning protein that is turned by the flow of H+ ions.
a. Complex II c. Complex IV
b. Complex III d. ATP synthase
30. What is the ULTIMATE ATP yield during the Citric Acid Cycle?
a. 2 ATP c. 15 ATP
b. 3 ATP d. 20 ATP
31. This phase of cellular respiration generates the greatest number of chemical energy in the form of ATP.
a. Oxidative Phosphorylation c. Citric Acid Cycle
b. Glycolysis d. Krebs Cycle
32. The final step in the process of cellular respiration is the electron transport chain. What best describes the
first step in the electron transport chain?
a. Electrons in the inner membrane are energized by the Sun.
b. Electrons from NADH and FADH2 bond with hydrogen ions to form water molecules.
c. Hydrogen ions diffuse through the membrane.
d. Energized electrons from NADH and FADH2 activate transport proteins.
33. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the plasma membrane?
a. Small noncharged molecules easily cross the membrane
b. Lipid molecules have little difficulty in crossing the plasma membrane
c. Charged molecules and ions readily move from inside the cell to outside the cell
d. Carbon dioxide follows its concentration gradient as it exits a cell
34. Between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle,
a. Pyruvate is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH.
b. Coenzyme A is cleaved off of the four-carbon compound.
c. A carbon atom is added to make a four-carbon compound.
d. More than one of the choices is correct.
e. None of the choices are correct.
35. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration?
a. glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the citric acid cycle
b. glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation
c. the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis
d. oxidative phosphorylation, the citric acid cycle, and glycolysis
e. oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle
36. Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the plasma membrane structure?
a. Protein molecules may be partially or wholly embedded.
b. Protein molecules are localized toward one side of the cell.
c. Phospholipids have a fluid consistency.
d. The head of the phospholipid molecule is attracted toward water.
37. Suppose a thistle tube containing a 10% sugar solution is covered at one end by a differentially permeable
membrane and is placed in a beaker containing a 5% sugar solution. Which of the following statements is
NOT correct?
a. As water enters the thistle tube, fluid pressure builds up inside the tube.
b. Given enough time, the net movement of water entering the thistle tube will cease.
c. Given enough time, the fluid pressure will become greater than the osmotic pressure inside the thistle
tube.
d. Initially, the concentration of water molecules is greater per volume outside the thistle tube than
inside the thistle tube.
38. Which of the following solutions is hypotonic to red blood cells?
a. 0.5% NaCl c. 1.5% NaCl
b. 0.10% NaCl d. 2.5% NaCl
39. Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the plasma membrane?
a. Small noncharged molecules easily cross the membrane
b. Lipid molecules have little difficulty in crossing the plasma membrane
c. Charged molecules and ions readily move from inside the cell to outside the cell
d. Carbon dioxide follows its concentration gradient as it exits a cell
40. If an organism's diploid chromosome number is 18, how many different possible combinations of
homologous chromosomes lining up during meiosis exist for the eggs or sperm produced by that
organism?
a. 18 c. 128
b. 36 d. 512
II. Essay. (20 points)
Explain how the cell controls the cell cycle through the different checkpoints. Explain what will happen to the
cell if it cannot pass through a certain checkpoint.