Name Iram Shahzadi

Subject Edu 304

Student id Bc200414454
Q:1 Write definition of guidance and counseling? Enlist purposes of guidance and
counseling in your own words.
Answer:
Guidance:
In educational context, it is a process of helping young person learns to adjust to self, to
others and to circumstances (Skinner)
A process of helping individual through his/her own effort to discover and develop potentialities
for personal happiness and social usefulness. (Ruth Strang)
“Guidance is a means of helping individuals to understand and use wisely the educational,
vocational and personal opportunities they have or can develop and as a form of systematic
assistance whereby students are aided in achieving satisfactory adjustment to school and in life”.

Counselling:
Educational Counselling mainly refers to providing assistance and guidance to students in
making the right choices in their studies, be it their educational plans, career aspirations, choice
of stream and specialization as well as the selection of college or university as per their interests
and preferences.
Counselling is a form of 'talk therapy'. It is a process where an individual, couple or family meet
with a trained professional counsellor to talk about issues and problems that they are facing in
their lives. Counselling can help people to gain clarity surrounding issues.
Purpose of guidance and counseling:
The major aim of Guidance Counseling Services is to encourage students' academic, social,
emotional and personal development. To reach this aim, guidance counseling services help
students get to know themselves better and find effective solutions to their daily problems.
The purpose of the guidance department is to assist students in making wise decisions and plans
concerning themselves, their education, and their career. It provides students with information
that will enable them to make appropriate choices both now and, in the future,
Counseling is a collaborative effort between the counselor and client. Professional counselors
help clients identify goals and potential solutions to problems which cause emotional turmoil;
seek to improve communication and coping skills; strengthen self-esteem; and promote behavior
change and optimal mental health.

Q: 2 Explain types of guidance and counseling also describe why the need of Guidance and
Counseling arise in academic setting?
Answer:
A. Types of guidance:
There are three major types of guidance which are as follows:
1. Educational guidance.
2. Vocational guidance
3. Personal guidance

1. Educational guidance:
“Educational guidance is a process concerned with bringing about between an individual
with his distinctive characteristics on the one hand and differing groups of opportunities and
requirements on the other a favorable setting for the individual’s development or education”
Educational guidance assists or helps the child or Educand to make curricular adjustments
according to his ability and capacity. It is a process of assisting the individual in making wise
choices in relation to his educational life. It is a process of aiding the individual in planning his
educational program and in carrying it forward successfully.
Educational guidance is concerned with every aspect of student education. It is an assistance
given to the student or child relating to choosing an educational institution, choosing courses and
subjects, developing study habits, obtaining scholarships, making satisfactory progress in studies,
appearing examination, continuing higher education in colleges and universities and adjusting to
the life in schools and colleges. So, it is a conscious effort to assist or help in the intellectual
growth of an individual or child-anything that has to do with instruction may come under the
jurisdiction of educational guidance.
The educational guidance works upon the knowledge of what and what not the students are. Of
course, it builds up its edifice on the abilities and talents they have. Indeed, it is a part and parcel
of personal guidance, to which children need and should have for life as a whole. For this it has
been said that educational and personal guidance are the two faces of the same coin. This
happens by taking the situation into account so far, the types of guidance are concerned.

2. Vocational guidance:
“Vocational guidance is the process of helping a person to develop and accept an
integrated and adequate picture of himself, and of his role in the world of work to test this
concept against reality and to convert it into a reality with satisfaction to himself and benefit to
society”.
Basically, vocational guidance is accepted as that type of guidance where mere information and
advice is given in regard to choosing an occupation, preparing for it, entering in it, and
progressing. But this meaning is narrowly conceived and interpreted. This meaning of vocational
guidance is otherwise called as vocational development. In wider perspective it is accepted in the
modern educational system.
Vocational guidance is concerned with helping the individual to become aware of his strengths
and weaknesses in world of occupations and helping him to choose a vocation for his better
adjustment with every situation of the society. In other words, vocational guidance may also be
defined as a process of helping individuals or people to cope with problems relating to
occupational choices, plans, developments, adjustments and maturity. The vocational guidance
may be defined as the assistance children or students get in schools to know the world of
vocations in their life. It is an early exposure to the variety of jobs they will have to make a
choice later in life. The vocational guidance is an incentive for hard work at studies.

3. Personal guidance:
It is that type of guidance given to an individual or a person to overcome his problems of
personality adjustment. It may also be accepted as the assistance given to the individual to solve
his emotional, social, ethical, and moral as well as health problems. It is a process of guidance
helping the individual to solve his problems which don’t come within the jurisdiction of
educational and vocational guidance.
It may also be defined as the oral or written assistance we need to learn how to make adjustment
in our life. It is guidance for what kind of persons we should be and how to become so in life. As
a whole the personal guidance is meant for helping each and every child to look at himself in the
right perspective.
B. Types of Counseling:
“Counseling” is a very broad category that encompasses many opportunities in any
number of counseling subfields. Counselors and therapists help their clients in a variety of ways,
depending upon the type of counseling they need. Few of the types of counseling are as follows:
i. Individual Counseling:
Individual counseling is a one on one counseling process of a patient and a trained
psychiatrist, psychotherapist or psychologist, where the patient seeks to achieve certain goals. It
is mainly a process of self-discovery and overcoming your problems, where a person works out
his/her issues under the guidance of an expert. Individual counseling is popular because it
provides the setting for a patient to talk openly about his/her problems and disclose his/her
feelings, without fear of being judged. Individual counseling helps patients explore themselves
better and work out their issues, and basically discuss issues which they may not be comfortable
discussing with others.
ii. Relationship & Marriage Counseling:
As the name suggests, relationship counseling is the counseling that the parties of a
relationship undergo, in order to resolve relationship issues and foster better relationships.
Typically, relationship counseling involves couple therapy, which is a subset of relationship
therapy, where partners involved in a romantic relationship seek therapy, however relationship
counseling is not confined to those involved in a romantic or sexual relationship. It could be
relationship counseling between parents and a child, boss and an employee etc. Marriage
counseling is counseling of parties to a marriage, either before marriage or after marriage. It
could be for a specific problem, or to remove the general toxicity of a relationship.
iii. Career Counseling:
Career counseling is for both students who are about to decide their careers and
professionals, to guide them on their professional growth trajectory. It mainly is an assessment of
your strengths and discovering where your interests lie. Career counseling generally takes place
in a high school setting, and could also involve help in selection of colleges to best suit the
student's needs and requirements. However, it could also be for professionals who want to switch
careers or want to learn how to progress in the career they have chosen.
iv. Educational Counseling:
Academics is one of the biggest reasons of stress and anxiety in students and parents
alike. So academic counseling is counseling pertaining to time management, procrastination and
study tips.

Need of Guidance & Counselling in Academic Settings_1:

In academic settings it is needed when:
Students require making choices of courses.
Students require assistance in turmoil and confusion.
We must teach students how to make good choices.

Need of Guidance & Counselling in Academic Settings – 2

It is required to:
Develop readiness for choices and to face new challenges.
Make up the deficiencies of home.
Seek solutions of diverse learner students.
Check the migration to prevent brain drain.

Need of Guidance & Counselling in Academic Settings – 3

It is needed when:
Students require an intelligent listener who understands his/her difficulties and provides good
suggestions for his/her working plan.
A teacher needs to be well grounded in social and emotional learning so that he/she is able to
listen to the student appropriately.
Minimize the incidence of indiscipline.

Need of Guidance & Counselling in Academic Settings – 4

It is needed to:
Ensure proper utilization of time spent outside the classrooms.
Helps students in vocational development.
Help students gain an insight into the origins and development of emotional difficulties.