u eigen Noles _ aun egerwe bors Properties ob (Othe sum ob the eter lures Oh & yrotlyin 8 equok to the Anaee of the mods Die prcduct oh the igen Vodune . eq vol ko the clglecraeink 06°" te mati x ® A Sqvon yedrin AS nel we ticevmpose * Sooke ah Sous aden volves Con haw (He Ste ehanacteriadre vahu, A The Ligen Cle che heer areca aeo a tena ie ‘prodant Oe Beak. the Aiogonad : elts ob . a wedtc. © PP - RK an ergen value ofa Mot yi A then Ye Caso) be fee Syen Nols © 'k att. MOL pw an Ugen yol ob an orthogonal made then Ya Hs allio ths egenvelisNar nas medin Pp then tr te : ” .™ Neth, 4 sy On Wat west bh A Iual pram iG nolan Ane geod — rusrebers (, ‘the bop n velo Corr 4d paraline - | chigtines Bigenviodiuos of a vel Popa | 4 “odin ou octhypned 1 Binnidox wmnodeinA — Weve Perma | rap gun vod DSA + ® qn oehv 9 Wor“ enuod Bagenrioluss thon tn molir WoC ceoder medi ® re a ah Sy rareedic motrin of | | he Ligen voor % Of a matrix Boy nek urigul eG BSL ony, Meee An be distacd eayeili i ob ei nen wediin thy the Loretprrelirg tT | baat ea ==cing 5 ny vactors Kn hou - pirsoct incdeps mek wi @ TC ’ f (RH 44 dwo or mor £gensolits orn raved emo oe mmo net oz L to oF ‘| 3 2 pose! be 2 3 Linwanly yok poder’ Z Sqenertor 3 cecreaprdln C Hn aqual x00 2 Two exer sede’ R, onrdA2 are called prthecona! yerlors ih x7 Ap =e (\e af A ond 8 or NAn Treerocns ‘ ai BRB w« @ non ginepsion mat x & “—s A ond,,Bightaah eee wagenveberHence, A and B! AB have same Eigenvalues, Vi. PROBLEMS BASED ON PROPERTIES 4.3 (a)/Problems based on property 1. : Example 13.1. Find the sum and product of the Eigenvalues of the matriy == 1 1 1 -1 1 1 lo o-1 [Anna, March 1995) Sol. Sum of the Eigenvalues = Sum of the diagonal elements = (-1) +(-1)+ (-1) = -3Matrices 1.49 cl 1 1 | Product of the Eigenvalues = 1 -1 1 1-1 = -1(1-1)-1(-1-1)+101+1) = —1(0)-1(-2)+1() =0+2+2 =4 xample 1.3.2. Find the sum and product of the Eigenvalues of the matrix » |-2 2 -3 2 1 -6 -1 -2 0 [Anna, Dec. 1999] Sol. Sum of the Eigenvalues Sum of the main diagonal clements (-2)+0) +) =-1 -2 2-3 Product of the Eigenvalues= | 2 1 -6 -1 -2 0 = -2(0 — 12) -2(0-6) -3(-4+1) =A+124+9 = 45a _Badimple 1.3.5. The product of two Eigenvalues of the matrix 6 -2 2 A= |-2 3 —-1| is 16. Find the third Eigenvalue. Ze 1 3 [A.U. A/M 2003] [A.U. Tvli. A/M 2009][AU Je Sol. Let the Eigenvalues of the matrix A be /4,42,/3. Given : Ayn = 16 [AU Jan. 2014, R2008][A.U DIszé! [A.U. M/J 2016 R-8] [AU ND 2atrices 151 We know that, AjA,43; = |A] [Product of the Eigenvalues is equal to the determinant of the matrix] 6 -2 2 ve Ayagdg = |-2 3-1 Seis: = 6(9-1) +2(-6 +2) +2(2-6) = 6(8) +2(4 +24) = 48-8-8 AyAgdg = 32 16/4, = 32 Agee toe ateNOVA is a singuiar maues 4 @ 1.3 (b)/ Problems based on property 2. 3 10 5 px 2, 3 are the Eigenvalues of A = 1 re a fing rample 13.9. If 2, fe the Eigen values of at 7. pose A” have the same sal Sol. Property : A square matrix A and its trans] Eigenvalues. Hence, Eigenvalues of A! are 2, 2,3 _Brample 13.10. If the Eigenvalues of the matrix A = [; | are 2, -) then find the Eigenvalues of A*. Sol. Eigenvalues of A = Eigenvalues of AT «. Eigenvalues of AT are 2, -2.Matrices ¢ 1.3 (c)| Problems based on property 3] 10 2 imple 13.11. Find the Eigenvalues of A = |0 2 1) without using 0 0 2 the characteristic equation idea. 2.1 0 Sol. Given: A = |0 2 1) clearly given matrix A is an upper (Qe triangular matrix. Then by property, the characteristic roots of a triangular matrix are just the diagonal elements of the matrix. Hence, the Eigenvalues are 2, 2, 2. Exapple 13.12. Find the Eigenvalues of A = orn BWO ROO 2 Sol. Given: A = |1 RWS aAcS 0 Clearly given matrix A is a lower triangular matrix Hence, by property the Eigenvalues of A are 2, 3, 4.The Eigenvalues are -3, 2 (real). Nov 1 2 @ 1.3 (h)| General problems a 1j, find the — 2 ew Rup @afiple 1.3.21. If 1, 1, 5 are the Eigenvalues of A = Eigenvalues of 5A. Sol. If Ay, Ag, Ag are the Eigenvalues of A, then Ky, Ky, KA3 are the Eigenvalues of KA. The Eigenvalues of SA are 5(1), 5(1), 5(5) ie, 5, 5, 25. Sample 1.3.22, Find the Eigenvalues of A, A?, A3, A‘, 3A, Aq! A-1,l xPX; = [1 2 JJ Oj =f. + 0-4 0 -1 Hence, the Eigervectors are orthogonal in pairs. Pee 13.31. If the Eigenvalues of A of order 3 x3 are 2, 3 and 1, then find the Eigenvalues of adjoint of A. [AU Jan. 2014] [AU M/J 2016 R-13] [A.U A/M 2019 R-17] Sol. Given : The Eigenvalues of A are 2, 3, 1 J c - < fs a g 1 wo] The Eigenvalues of A™! are 4, Formula : adj A = |A| A+ {A| = Product of the Eigenvalues of A = (2)(3)(1) = 6 adj A = 6A7} oT “ The venvalues of adj A are 6_————~ 85 Engineering Matheratic,, — Bromple 13.32. If 2, -1,—3 are the Eigenvalues of the matrix A, then fiy the Eigenvalues of the matrix A? = 21. ] [AU M/J 2014][A.U A/M 2017 Ray Sel Grea: The Eigenvalues of A are 2,-1,-3 The Eigenvalues of A? - 21 are 2, -1,7 Smee Y-20) =2 (-1?-2@) = -1, (-3)?-2(1) =7