CHAPTER 1: CREATIVITY AND CREATIVE WRITING

LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO CREATIVE WRITING

There are three essential ingredients that build our subject: (1) CREATIVITY, (2) IMAGINATION, (3)
WRITING SKILLS.

CREATIVITY – it is the act of turning new and imaginative ideas into reality. It is characterized by the
ability to perceive the world in new ways, to find hidden patterns, or to make connections between
seemingly unrelated phenomena.
IMAGINATION – it is the ability to come up with mental images of something that is not real or to
come up with new and creative ideas.
WRITING SKILLS – it is the ability to write meaningful sentences, lines, or paragraphs which the
reader can easily understand.

Therefore, CREATIVE WRITING is…

 Creative writing expresses the writer’s thoughts and feelings in an imaginative often unique and poetic
way.
 Creative writing is guided more by the writer’s need to express feelings and ideas than by the
restrictive demands of factual and logical progression of expository writing.

1.1. DIFFERENCES OF CREATIVE WRITING AND TECHNICAL/ACADEMIC WRITING

CREATIVE WRITING TECHNICAL/

ACADEMIC WRITING
 Fictional and  Factual
imaginative
 Entertaining,  Informative,
provocative, and instructional,
captivating persuasive
 Artistic,
figurative, VERSUS  Clear, precise, and
symbolic, or straightforward
even vague
 Subjective  Objective
 Generalized  Specialized
vocabulary vocabulary
 Do not have
 Has parameters
parameters

LESSON 2: SENSORY DETAILS IN WRITING: DEFINITION AND EXAMPLES

What is sensory details?

SENSORY DETAILS include sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste. Writers employ the five senses to engage a
reader’s interest.
Compare this two passages:

LESSON 3: LANGUAGE IN WRITING

SUBLESSON 3.1 IMAGERY AND ITS TYPES

Imagery – is the language used by poets, novelists, and other writers to create images or mental picture in the
mind of the reader.

Types of Imagery

VISUAL IMAGERY – describes what we see: pictures, painting, or images that are seen by the naked
eye. It may include:
 Color like burnt red, dull yellow, verdant green
 Shapes like square, circular, conical
 Size like miniscule, tiny, large
 Pattern like polka-dot, striped, straight

Example:

The night was black as ever, but bright stars lit up the sky in beautiful and varied
constellations which were sprinkled across astronomical landscape.

AUDITORY IMAGERY – describes what we hear, from music to noise to pure silence. It includes:
 Enjoyable sounds such as beautiful music, birdsong, etc.
 Noises such as bang of the gun or sound of broken glass shuttering on the floor.
 The lack of noise, describing a peaceful calm or eerie silence.

Example:

 was broken by the peal of piano keys as Mozart began practicing his
Silence
concerto.

OLFACTORY IMAGES – describes what we smell. It may include:

 Fragrances such as perfumes, enticing food and drink, or blooming flowers
 Odors such as rotting trash, body odors, or stinky cloth
Example:

She smelled the scent of sweet hibiscus wafting through the air, its tropical smell a
reminder that she was on vacation in a beautiful place.
GUSTATORY IMAGERY – describes what we taste. It includes:
 Sweetness like candies, cookies, dessert
 Sourness, bitterness, and tartness such as lemon or lime
 Saltiness like fries, pepperonis
 Spiciness like curries
 Savoriness like steak

Example:

The candy melted in her mouth and swirls of bittersweet chocolate and slightly
sweet but salty caramel blended together on her tongue.
 TACTILE IMAGERY – describes what we feel or touch. It includes:
 Temperature such as coldness or hotness
 Texture such as rough or smooth
 Touch such as hand holding
 Movement such as burning muscle

Example:

 the long run, he collapsed in the grass with tired and burning muscles. The
After
grass tickled his skin and sweat cooled on his brow.
To sum up everything about types of imagery, here is a specific illustration:

SUBLESSON 3.2 DICTION

Writers make conscious and unconscious word choices all the time when writing literature, just as we
do when speaking to others. The diction in a piece of writing, establishes many different aspects of how we read
the work of literature, from its formality to its tone even to the type of story we are reading.

What is DICTION?

 It is the word choice of the author.

 The general characteristics of the language used by the author.
 Plays a very important role in creating tone and voice appropriate for your readers and writing
objective.

Diction can be connotation or denotation, thus…

DENOTATION

- To denote is to be direct to the point or specific.

- The denotation of the word refers to its literal meaning --- the definition you find in the dictionary.

Examples:

Lamb – a young sheep

Dumb – lacking the power of speech

CONNOTATION

- To connote is to suggest a feeling or an idea in a deeper sense or in addition to literal meaning.

- Reveals implied or hidden attitudes,
- The connotation of words refers to its figurative meaning.

Examples:

Lamb – innocence, gentleness, or meekness

Dumb – condition of being stupid

Let’s see the differences in examples.

1. Dumb

Denotative: Olivia was born deaf and dumb. (lacking the power of speech)
Connotative: When the police questioned the suspect, it acted dumb. (condition of being stupid)

2. Greasy

Denotative: The detective found greasy fingerprints across the lens. (coated with oil or grease)

Connotative: Our neighbor Parker is a greasy person. (unappealing or undesirable)

SUBLESSON 3.4 FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

Activity: Picture Addition

Direction: Construct sentences by adding the idea being shown in the following set of pictures. Write your
answer on the space provided.

1st Set

A. _____________________________________

B. ________________________________

2nd Set

A. _______________________________

B. __________________________________

3rd Set

A. _________________________________

B. ______________________________

Now, compare and contrast the sentences you have constructed in each set of pictures. What have you observed?
Can you spot their differences? Similarities?

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

The difference between literal language and figurative language:

LITERAL LANGUAGE FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

 Uses words or
 Expresses expressions with a
thoughts and ideas VERSUS meaning that is different
in a clear and from the literal
specific manner. interpretation.
 A rhetorical device that
achieves a special effect
by using words in
distinctive ways.
TYPES OF FIGURES OF SPEECH
>> Figures of Speech can be classified into:
1. RESEMBLANCE
A. Simile C. Personification
B. Metaphor D. Apostrophe
2. EMPHASIS
E. Hyperbole G. Repetition
F. Litotes
3. PARALELLISM/ CONTRAST
H. Irony I. Paradox J. Oxymoron
4. SOUND EFFECTS
K. Alliteration M. Onomatopoeia O. Euphemism
L. Assonance N. Pun
5. SUBSTITUTION
P. Synechdoche

1. RESEMBLANCE

A. SIMILE

 Most commonly used figures of speech. It directly compares one object to another using comparing
words such as like, as, similar to.

EXAMPLE:

 My love is like a red rose.

 She is quiet as a mouse.

B. METAPHOR

 Makes an implied comparison of two unlike things that have something in common.
 It does not use “as” or “like”.

EXAMPLE:

 All flesh is grass.

 Even at night time, mama is the sunrise.

C. PERSONIFICATION
 Occurs when you give human qualities to an object, an animal, or an idea.
EXAMPLE:
 The ship danced to the waves of the ocean.
 The bee kissed the petal of the sunflower.

D. APOSTROPHE
 The direct address to the dead, to the absent, or to a personified object or ideas.
EXAMPLE:
 Farewell, my beloved Philippine! The sorrow of my sorrow.
 The bee kissed the petal of the sunflower.

2. EMPHASIS

E. HYPERBOLE
 A figure of speech that exaggerates an idea so vividly that the reader has an instant picture.
EXAMPLES:
• I’m so hungry that I can eat a tons of fish.
• When Susana wears red, a queen from some time-dead Egyptian night walks again.

F. LITOTES
 A mild negative understatement, intended to suggest a strong affirmative.
EXAMPLES:
 A grade school boy won first place in a contest and his grandfather said “It’s not a bad
accomplishment.”
 Topping the board exam is no mean feat.
G. REPETITION
 Is repeating words, phrases, or whole constructions in order to intensify feeling or meaning.
Examples:
 Never give in. Never give in. Never, never, never, never yielded to force.”
 “We are never ever ever, getting back together.”

3. PARALLELISM/ CONTRASTS

H. IRONY
 A figure of speech in which actual intent is expressed through words that carry the opposite meaning.
EXAMPLE:
 The CEO of the big tobacco company said he did not smoke.

I. PARADOX
 Is a seemingly contradictory but true statement.
EXAMPLE:
 Attack is the best form of defense.

J. OXYMORON
 Combination of two mutually contradictory words in a case where the contradiction is apparent only,
the two ideas being realized.
EXAMPLES:
 James Bond is a well-known secret agent.
 Parting is such a sweet sorrow.

4. SOUND EFFECTS

K. ALLITERATION
 The purposeful repetition of a consonant sound in two or more consecutive words, usually at the
beginning of such words.
EXAMPLE:
• She sells sea shells by the sea shore.

L. ASSONANCE
 Refers to the recurrence, in words that are close together, of the same vowel sound.
EXAMPLES:
• “Men sell the wedding bells.”
• No bubble, no trouble.

M. ONOMATOPOEIA
 The use of words which imitate the sounds they stand for.
EXAMPLES:
 The buzzing bee flew away.
 The tic tac of the clock made his attention gone.

N. PUN
 A play on words with nearly the same sound but of different meanings.
EXAMPLES:
 One-armed man applauds for his kindness.
 Denial is just a river in Egypt.

O. EUPHEMISM

 Is the use of pleasant or pale expression instead of an unpleasant, harsh or depressing one.
EXAMPLES:
 Senior citizen for old people
 Passed away for dead

5. SUBSTITUTION

P. SYNECHDOCHE

 A type of metonymy in which significant part is used to represent a whole.

EXAMPLES:
 Give us this day our daily bread.
  Life is hard when you have eight hungry mouths to feed.

CHAPTER 2: READING AND WRITING POETRY

LESSON 1: POETRY AND ITS DIFFERENT TYPES

Like other forms of literature, one way to evoke concentrated imaginative awareness of experience of
the readers is through poetry. Poetry is written to share ideas, express emotions, and create imagery.

Etymologically, POETRY is derived from the Greek word “poeisis” which literally translates to “a
making or creating”.

Two important implications:

1. Poetry is made - suggest materials

2. Poet is the maker - suggest efforts.

Further definition…
o Poetry refers to those expressions in verse, with measure and rhyme, line and stanza, and has a more
melodious tone.
We have three general types of poetry:
1. Narrative Poetry
2. Lyric poetry
3. Dramatic Poetry

1. NARRATIVE POETRY
 This forms describes important events in life, either real or imaginary.
It can be:
 Epic
 Metrical Tale
 Ballads
A. EPIC
 This is an extended narrative about heroic exploits often under supernatural control. It may deal with
heroes and gods.
Two kinds of epic:
 Ancient/ Popular Epic- often without definite author and is of slow growth.
 Modern Epic- with definite author
Examples of epic:
1. Mahabharata- longest epic in the world
2. Biag-ni-Lam-Ang- epic of Ifugao
3. Ibalong(Handiong)- epic of Bicol
4. Tungkung langit at Alunsina
5. Illiad and Oddysey – greatest epic in Greece (Homer)
6. Don Quixote de la Mancha – greatest epic in Spain (Miguel de Cervantes)

B. METRICAL TALE
 This is a narrative which is written in verse and can be classified either as a ballad or metrical romance.
 It is simple, straight forward story in verse. It narrates strange happenings in a direct manner, without
detailed description of the character.
Example:
1. The Canterburry Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer
2. Sir Gawain and The Green Knights (famous in old England)

C. BALLAD
 This is considered the shortest and the simplest. It has a simple structure and tells of a single incident.

 There are also variations of these: love ballads, war ballads, sea ballads, humorous, moral, historical, or
mythical ballad. In early times, this is referred to a song accompanying a dance.

Examples of ballads are:

1. Ballad of a Mother’s Heart by Jose La Villa Tierra

2. Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe
2. LYRIC POETRY

 This refers to that kind of poetry meant to be sung to the accompaniment of a lyre, but now, this applies
to any type of poetry that expresses emotions and feelings of the poet accompanied by a melodious
tone.

A. FOLKSONGS OR AWITING BAYAN

 These are short poems intended to be sung. The common theme is love, grief, despair, doubt, joy, hope,
and sorrow.

 It is also written to entertain.

Examples are:

1. Chitchiritchit
2. Leron-Leron sinta
3. Bahay-Kubo

B. SONNETS

 This is a lyric poem of 14 lines dealing with an emotion, a feeling, or an idea. It has two types:

 Italian/Petrarchan Sonnet (Francesco Petrarch)- has 2 stanzas; __________________ a

the first eight lines is called octave and the rhyme scheme is abba __________________ b
abba; the second of six lines is called sestet and has the rhyme __________________ b
cdecde. __________________ a
__________________ a
 This chart shows the rhyme scheme of Italian/Petrarchan Sonnet: __________________ b
THE SHEAVES by EA ROBINSON __________________ b
Where long the shadows of the wind had rolled __________________ a
Green wheat was yielding to the change assigned;
And as my some vast magic undivined
The world was turning slowly to gold. __________________ c
Like nothing that was ever bought or sold __________________ d
It waited there, the body and the mind; __________________ e
And with a mighty meaning of a kind __________________ c
That tells the more the more it is not told.
__________________ d
So in a land where all days are not fair, __________________ e
Fair days went on till on another day
A thousand golden sheaves were lying there,
Shining and still, but not for long to stay —
As if a thousand girls with golden hair
Might rise from where they slept and go away.

 Spenserian Sonnet (Edmund Spenser)- has three quatrains and a couplet __________________ a
and with rhymes ababbcbccdcdee. __________________ b
__________________ a
 This chart shows the rhyme scheme of Spenserian Sonnet:
__________________ b
SONNET 75 From AMORETTI
One day I wrote her name upon the strand, __________________ b
··But came the waves and washed it away: __________________ c
··Again I wrote it with a second hand, __________________ b
But came the tide, and made my pains his prey.
__________________ c
Vain man, said she, that doest in vain assay
··A mortal thing so to immortalize, __________________ c
··For I myself shall like to this decay, __________________ d
And eek my name be wiped out likewise. __________________ c
__________________ d
Not so (quoth I), let baser things devise
··To die in dust, but you shall live by fame: __________________ e
··My verse your virtues rare shall eternize, __________________ e
And in the heavens write your glorious name.

··Where whenas Death shall all the world subdue,

··Our love shall live, and later life renew.
  Shakesperian Sonnet (William Shakespeare)- has three quatrains __________________ a
and a couplet with rhymes ababcdcdefefgg. __________________ b
__________________ a
 This chart shows the rhyme scheme of Shakesperian Sonnet:
__________________ b
Sonnet 18
Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? __________________ c
Thou art more lovely and more temperate. __________________ d
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, __________________ c
And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. __________________ d
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed; __________________ e
And every fair from fair sometime declines, __________________ f
By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed. __________________ e
__________________ f
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, __________________ g
Nor shall Death brag thou wand’rest in his shade, __________________ g
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st.

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

C. ELEGY

 This is a lyric poem which expresses feelings of grief and melancholy, and whose theme is death.

EXAMPLE:

IN MEMORIAM A. H. H.

I hold it true, whate’er befall;

I feel it when I sorrow most;
‘Tis better to have loved and lost
Than never to have loved at all.
D. ODE

 This is a poem of noble feeling, expressed with dignity, with no definite number of syllables or definite
number of lines in stanza.

EXAMPLE:

To Autumn by John Keats

Excerpt: Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness

Close bosom friend of the maturing sun

Conspiring with him how to load and bless

With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eaves run;

E. PSALMS (DALIT)

 This is a song praising God or the Virgin Mary and containing a philosophy of life.

EXAMPLES:

1. Psalm 23 by King David

2. Pasyon

F. AWIT (SONG)

 These have measures of twelve syllables (dodecasyllabic) and slowly sung to the accompaniment of a
guitar or banduria.

EXAMPLE:

1. Florante at Laura by Francisco Balagtas

G. CORRIDOS (KURIDOS)

 These have measures of eight syllables (octosyllabic) and recited to a martial beat.

EXAMPLE:

1. Ibong Adarna

3. DRAMATIC POETRY

 Is any poetry that uses discourse of the characters involve to tell a story or portray a situation. It
involves the technique of drama, and it tells a story.

A. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE

 A literary device that is used when a character reveals his/her innermost thought and feelings, those
that are hidden throughout the course of the story line, through poem or speech.

B. SOLILOQUY

 It is the act speaking while alone, especially when used as a theatrical device that allows a character’s
thought and ideas to be conveyed to the audiences.

Differences…

 In monologue a character usually makes a speech in the presence of other characters. While in

 Soliloquy, the character/ speaker speaks to himself.

LESSON 2: THE ELEMENTS OF POETRY

Making a good poetic composition has never been easy. The writer needs not just enough time and
experience but also, he/she needs to deal with the various elements that compose a certain poetic composition.

Generally, there are seven basic elements of poetry: FORM, LINES, STANZAS, RHYME, RHYTHM,
METER, and TONE.

1. FORM

 Refers to the poem’s physical structure; basically what the poem looks like and how it sounds.

a. Free Verse – verse that has neither regular rhyme nor regular meter.

• no longer follows strict rules of meter or rhyme.

• can also apply to a lack of a formal verse structure.

b. Blank Verse – unrhymed iambic pentameter

2. LINES

 These are group of WORDS proceed as usual from left to right.

 It composes the stanza.

EXAMPLE:

I think that I shall never see,

A poem lovely as a tree.
A tree whose hungry mouth is prest;
Against the earth’s sweet flowing breast.
- Tree by Joyce Kilmer

3. STANZA

 A unit of lines grouped together.

 Similar to a paragraph in prose.

 A stanza consists of two or more lines of poetry that together form one of the divisions of a poem.
  The stanzas of a poem are usually of the same length and follow the same pattern of meter and rhyme
and are used like paragraphs in a story.

TYPES OF STANZA:

 Couplet - 2 lines

 Tercet - 3 lines

 Quatrain – 4 lines, which can be:

 Alternating Quatrain- a four line stanza rhyming "abab.“

 Envelope Stanza- a quatrain with the rhyme scheme "abba", such that lines 2 and 3
are enclosed between the rhymes of lines 1 and 4.

 Cinquain - 5 lines

 Sestet - 6 lines (sometimes it's called a sexain)

 Septet - 7 lines

 Octave - 8 lines

EXAMPLES:

ALTERNATING: ENVELOPE:

The worried efforts of the busy heap, a

The sense of danger must not disappear: a
The way is certainly both short and steep, b The dirt, the imprecision, and the beer b
However gradual it looks from here; a Produce a few smart wisecracks every year; b
Look if you like, but you will have to leap. b Laugh if you can, but you will have to leap. a

4. RHYME AND RHYME SCHEME

 Rhyme is the SONIC imitation usually of end syllables of words.

Two kinds of Rhyme:

1. END RHYME - In which the words at the end of a given line rhyme.

Example:

'In Flanders fields the poppies blow

Between the crosses, row on row,

That mark our place; and in the sky

2. INTERNAL RHYME - This kind of rhyming is different from end rhyme in that the rhyming takes place
somewhere within the line and not at the end.

Example: (Internal Rhyme)

It won't be LONG before my SONG ends the day,

And the FLOWERS near the TOWERS reach the sky.

5. RHYTHM

 The pattern of beats or stresses in a poem.

 Poets use patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables to create a regular rhythm.
She was a child and I was a child,
In this kingdom by the sea;
But we loved with a love that was
more than love –
I and my Annabel Lee;
6. METER

 The systematic regularity in rhythm; this systematic rhythm (or sound pattern) is usually identified by
examining the type of "foot" and the number of feet.

 Number of syllables

English poetry employs five basic meters, including:

1. Iambic meter (unstressed/ stressed)

2. Trochaic meter (stressed/ unstressed)
3. Spondaic meter (stressed/ stressed)
4. Anapestic meter (unstressed/ unstressed/ stressed)
5. Dactylic meter (stressed/ unstressed/ unstressed)

7. TONE OR MOOD

 Refers to the writer's attitude towards the subject of a literary work as indicated in the work itself.

 One way to think about tone in poetry is to consider the speaker's literal "tone of voice": just as with
tone of voice, a poem's tone may indicate an attitude of joy, sadness, solemnity, silliness, frustration,
anger, puzzlement, etc.

CHAPTER 3: INTRODUCTION TO FICTION

PRE-ACTIVITY

What do you think is the TITLE of this famous story?

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________