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Geology for Engineers: Module 1 Activity

The document contains a geology activity and module for engineering students. It includes multiple choice questions about geology topics, an enumeration of key concepts, and identification and definitions of important geological terms. It aims to teach students foundational knowledge in general geology.

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Li Rouse Mangahas
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39 views5 pages

Geology for Engineers: Module 1 Activity

The document contains a geology activity and module for engineering students. It includes multiple choice questions about geology topics, an enumeration of key concepts, and identification and definitions of important geological terms. It aims to teach students foundational knowledge in general geology.

Uploaded by

Li Rouse Mangahas
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

College of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering

CIEN 20032
GEOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS

ACTIVITY NO. 1
MODULE 1
GENERAL GEOLOGY

NAME OF STUDENT
MANGAHAS, LI ROUSE C.

NAME OF FACULTY
ENGR. RUFFA A. SAMONTEZA

DATE SUBMITTED
JANUARY 30, 2021
MODULE 1
Part I: Multiple Choice
B
_______ 1. People who study about tremors (earthquake) are known as?
a. Terminologists b. Seismologists c. Astrologists d. None of these

A 2. When did geologists develop the theory of plate tectonics?


_______
a. in the 1960’s b. in the 1950’s c. in the early 1900’s d. in the early 1900’s

C 3. It involves the transfer of heat by the physical movement of the material.


_______
a. metamorphism b. conduction c. convection d. radiation

A 4. Geologist who studies volcanism is


_______
a. volcanologist b. astrologist c. monologist d. seismologist

D 5. The greatest threat to our environment is


_______
a. earthquake b. volcanoes c. bacteria d. humans

C 6. The layer which is said to support the slow moving tectonic plates
_______
a. lithosphere b. moho c. asthenosphere d. mantle

D 7. Which earthquake is caused due to faulting or relative displacements of block of the


_______
crust of the earth along rupture planes.
a. shallow b. collapse c. explosion d. tectonic
D 8. Which of the following is Not a type of plate boundary?
_______
a. divergent b. convergent c. transform d. translational

B
_______ 9. Pick the wrong statement. The converging plates may be
a. Two continental plates
b. A continental plate and an island plate
c. A continental plate and an oceanic plate
d. Two oceanic plates

A 10. When did geologists develop the theory of plate tectonics?


_______
a. in the 1960’s b. in the 1950’s c. in the early 1900’s d. in the early 1900’s

D 11. Which of the following is not a type of plate boundary?


_______
a. Transform c. Convergent
b. Divergent d. All of these are plate boundaries

A
_______ 12. The Andes Mountains of South America are a result of which type of plate
boundary?
a. convergent b. divergent c. transform d. translational

D
_______ 13. Which field of endeavor might employ a geologist
a. environmental science b. petroleum industry c. oceanography d. all of these

D
_______ 14. In which of the following is geological knowledge useful?
a. avoiding geologic and other natural hazards
b. protecting the environment
c. supplying what we need
d. all of the above

Part II: Enumeration

1. Three (3) Types of Plate Boundary


 Divergent Plate Boundary
 Convergent Plate Boundary
 Transform Plate
Boundary

2. Five (5) Proof of Continental Drift Theory


 Fit of the Continents
 Distribution of fossils
 Similar sequence of rocks at
numerous locations
 Ancient Climates
 Apparent wandering of the Earth’s
Polar Regions

3. Two (2) types of body wave


 P Waves (Compressional or Longitudinal Waves)
 S Waves (Shear Waves)

4. Two (2) types of surface waves


 Love Waves
 Rayleigh Waves

5. Give at least Three (3) Types of Volcanic


Eruption
 Vulcanian
 Plinian
 Hawaiian
 Strombolian
 Pelean

Part III: Identification


Tectonic Plate Theory
_________________1. The theory stating that the Earth’s outer mechanical layer, the lithosphere,
is divided into large continent-sized plates that are constantly moving.

Lithosphere
_________________2. The rigid, brittle portion of Earth’s interior, and moves as tectonic plates.

Epicenter
_________________3. The location directly above it on the surface of the earth/ Point on the
earth's surface that is directly above the focus, the point and earthquake originate.
Focus
_________________4. Point on the fault where the rupture occurs and the location from which
seismic waves are released.
Alfred Wegener
_________________5. He developed the Continental Drift Theory in 1912 and said that
continents move around on Earth’s surface and that they were once joined together as a single
supercontinent.
Pangaea
_________________6. It was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early
Mesozoic eras.
Earthquake
_________________7. A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great
destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.
Convection
_________________8. The process of a material that can move and flow may develop
convection currents.
Fault Lines
_________________9. There are cracks on the earth where sections of a plate/s are moving in
different directions.
Continental Drift
Theory
_________________10. A theory that suggests continents shift position on Earth’s surface and
have moved over geologic time relative to each other, thus appearing to have "drifted" across the
ocean bed.

Part IV: Essay

1. Differentiate earthquake magnitude and intensity. (10 pts)

The main difference between earthquake magnitude and intensity is that earthquake magnitude
refers to the seismic waves sent out to the layers of the Earth. It is commonly measure using the
Richter Scale. On the other side, earthquake intensity refers to the damage felt in the earth, by its
people, and how much damage it brought to properties. Earthquake intensity is usually measured
and expressed using the Modified Mercalli Scale.

Common questions

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The geological evidence supporting the theory of continental drift includes the fit of the continents, distribution of fossils, similar rock sequences at multiple locations, ancient climates, and the apparent wandering of Earth's polar regions, all suggesting that continents were once connected .

Apparent polar wandering refers to the perceived movement of Earth's magnetic poles relative to continents. It supports continental drift by indicating that continents have shifted over time, with ancient magnetic orientation in rock formations showing this relative movement .

Geological knowledge is beneficial in fields such as environmental science, the petroleum industry, and oceanography, where it aids in understanding geologic and natural hazards, protecting the environment, and supplying necessary resources .

Humans are considered the greatest threat to the environment due to activities that significantly impact ecosystems, cause pollution, contribute to climate change, and drive species to extinction, surpassing natural events like earthquakes or volcanoes .

Convection involves the transfer of heat by the physical movement of the material, where convection currents in the Earth's mantle contribute to the gradual movement of tectonic plates. This process facilitates the movement of the lithosphere and drives plate tectonics .

Earthquake magnitude refers to the seismic waves sent out to layers of the Earth and is measured using the Richter Scale. In contrast, earthquake intensity reflects the damage felt on the Earth's surface and its effects on people and properties, measured using the Modified Mercalli Scale .

Alfred Wegener is credited with developing the Continental Drift Theory in 1912. He proposed that continents have moved over geologic time and were once joined together as a single supercontinent named Pangaea, which explains the 'drifting' across the ocean bed .

The three main types of plate boundaries are divergent, convergent, and transform. Divergent boundaries occur where plates move apart, convergent boundaries involve plates moving towards each other, and transform boundaries are characterized by plates sliding past one another horizontally .

The lithosphere is the Earth's outer mechanical layer, composed of rigid and brittle material that forms tectonic plates. These plates move on the more ductile asthenosphere beneath, driven by mantle convection, leading to interactions at plate boundaries .

The two types of body waves are P Waves (compressional or longitudinal waves) and S Waves (shear waves). P Waves travel fastest and are the primary wave felt during earthquakes, while S Waves move more slowly and follow, being transverse waves causing materials to deform .

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