JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

“5G Wireless Systems”

Submitted to
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada
in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS&COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by

RAJASHREE SEEMAKURTHI
18H71A0433

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

MANASA
(Associate Professor)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Devineni Venkata Ramana &[Link] Sekhar

MIC College of Technology

(Approved by AICTE & Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada)
Kanchikacherla - 521180, Krishna Dist,A.P, India.
Phone : 08678 - 273535, 273623, Fax: 08678 - 273569
E mail: dvrhsmic@[Link], Website: [Link]
2020-2021
 Devineni Venkata Ramana &[Link] Sekhar

MIC College of Technology

(Approved by AICTE & Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada)
Kanchikacherla - 521180, Krishna Dist,A.P, India.
Phone : 08678 - 273535, 273623, Fax: 08678 - 273569
E mail: dvrhsmic@[Link], Website: [Link]
2020-21

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that theMain Projectentitled “5G Wireless System” is a bonafide

work carried out by Rajashree Seemakurthi (18H71A0433)in partial fulfillment for the

award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication

Engineeringof Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada during the year

2020-21.

(Mr. CH. Pulla Rao)

Project Supervisor Head of the Department

(Dr. K. Srinivas)

Principal

Examiner 1 Examiner 2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Wewouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmydeepestappreciationtothefollowing
people fortheirvaluablecontributions and assistancewith this Project.

Initially,Wewouldliketothankmy projectsupervisor, Guide and Qualificationforhis

guidance andsupport, especiallyforhisvaluableideas andknowledgeprovidedthroughoutthe
[Link] experiencein guide specializationmakes valuable
commentsandsuggestionshavebeenveryusefulinsolvingproblemsencounteredduring the
Project.

We have the immense pleasure in expressing my thanks and deep sense of gratitude
to, Mr. CH. Pulla Rao, Head of the Department,Electronics and Communication
Engineering for extending necessary facilities for the completion of the Project.

We whole heartedly acknowledge Dr. K. Srinivas, Principal and Prof D.

PANDURANGA RAO, CEO for giving opportunity to execute this Project. We also extend
my thanks to all faculty members of Electronics and Communication Engineering, for
their valuable guidance and encouragement in this Project.

We wouldliketoextendmywarmappreciationtoall myfriendsforsharing us their

knowledge, valuable contributions and help with this Project.

Finally, my special thanksgo to myfamily for their continuous support and help
throughout myacademicyearsandfortheircontinualsupportandencouragementforthis Project.

Rajashree Seemakurthi

18H71A0433
 5G WIRELESS SYSTEM

CONTENTS PAGE NO

LIST OF FIGURES i
LIST OF TABLES ii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iii
ABSTRACT iv

CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.1.1 What is 5G? 1
1.1.2What does it offer? 1

CHAPTER 2 Evaluation from 1G to 5G 2

2.1 1G to 5G Network 2
2.1.1 1G Network 2
2.1.2 2G Network 3
2.1.3 3G Network 4
2.1.4 4G Network 5
2.1.5 5G Network 5
2.2Key Concepts 6

CHAPTER 3 ARCHITECTURE 7
3.1Basic Architecture of 5G 7
3.1.1 Open Wireless Architecture 8
3.1.2 Network Layer 8
[Link] IPv6 9
3.1.3 Open Transport Protocol 9
3.1.4 Application Layer 9
3.2 Hardware & Software of 5G 10
3.3 Radio Spectrum of 5G 12

CHAPTER 4 FEATURES 13
4.1Features of 5G Network 13
4.2 Comparison 14
4.2.1 Second Generation 14
4.2.2 Third Generation 14
4.2.3 Forth Generation 15
4.2.4 Fifth Generation 15

CHAPTER 5 ADVANTAGES 17

DVR &Dr. HS MIC College of Technology

 5G WIRELESS SYSTEM

CHAPTER 6 APPLICATIONS 18

CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION 19
REFERENCES 20
ANNEXURE A

DVR &Dr. HS MIC College of Technology

 5G WIRELESS SYSTEMS

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
FIGURE NAME
NO. NO.
Fig. 1.1 5G Network 1
Fig 2.1 1G to 5G Network 2
Fig 2.1.1 1G Mobile Communication 3
Fig 2.1.2 2G Mobile Communication 4
Fig 2.1.3 3G Mobile Communication 4
Fig 2.1.4 4G Mobile Communication 5
Fig 2.1.5 5G Mobile Communication 5
Fig 2.2 5G Network 6
Fig 3.1 Basic Architecture of 5G 7
5G Mobile Network Challenges, Facilitators, & 5G Design
Fig 3.1.1 10
Fundamental
Fig 3.2 Hardware and software of 5G 11
Fig 4.2 Comparison -1 14
Fig 4.2.1 Comparisions-2 16
Fig 5 Advantages 17
Fig 6 Applications 18

LIST OF TABLES

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TABLE NO. TABLE NAME PAGE NO.

Table 3.1 Architecture of 5G Network 8

Table 3.2 Hardware &Software of 5G 10
Table 3.3 Radio Spectrum of 5G 11

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

5G : 5th Generation
OSI : Open System Interconnection Model
OWA : Open Wireless Architecture
IP : Internet Protocol
OTP : Open Transport Protocol
BW : Bandwidth

ABSTRACT

5G Technology stands for 5th generation mobile technology. SG denote the next major phase
of mobile telecommunication standards beyond the upcoming 4G standards.5G technology will

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change the way most high bandwidth users access their phones. With 5G pushed over a VOIP
enabled device, people will experience a level of call volume and data transmission never
experienced before. 50 technologies are offering the service in Product Engineering
Documentation, supporting electronic transactions, etc.

The main purpose of the 5 generation wireless networks is planned to design the best wireless
world that is free from limitations and hindrance of the previous generations.

5G technologies will change the way most high bandwidth users access their Mobile Radio
Communication (MRC). The goal of a SG hoved telecommunication network would ideally
answer the challenges that a 4C model would present once it has entered widespread use.

So, this paper represents, great evolution of 1G (First Generation) to 4G yield SG,
introduction to 5G technologies and why there is a need for 5G.

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CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION OF 5G TECHNOLOGY

5G is the short for fifth generation, a mobile broadband technology that is in the earlystages
of works and likely to be in place six to seven years from [Link] main moto of 5G is to use
less energy and radio spectrum while delivering speeds faster than current 4G [Link] adds
a no of advantages over the present 4G technology.

5G wireless technology can change the way we use wireless gadgets high bandwidth.

1.1.1 WHAT IS 5G?

5G Wireless: 5th generation wireless technology. Complete wireless communication with

almost no limitations. Can be called REAL wireless world. Has incredible transmission
speed. Concept is only theory not real.

Fig 1.1 5G Network

1.1.2 WHAT DOES IT OFFER?

[Link] cellular phones.

[Link] data capabilities

[Link] connectivity.

[Link] phone memory, more dialing speed, more clarity in audio & video.

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CHAPTER-2

EVOLUTION FROM 1G TO 5G

2.1 1G TO 5G NETWORK

-) 1G [First Generation]

-) 2G [Second Generation]

-) 3G [Third Generation]

-) 4G [Forth Generation]

-) 5G [Fifth Generation]

Fig2.1 1G to 5G Technology

2.1.1 1G (1ST GENERATION) NETWORK

1G refers to the first generation of wireless cellular technology (mobile

telecommunications). Developed in 1980s & completed in early 1990s. The first generation—
or 1G—of networks with voice-only, analog service. The top speed of data transmission on
a 1Gnetwork reached around 2.4kbps.

AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System) was launched by the US & it was 1G mobile
system. It allows users to make voice calls in 1 country only.

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Fig 2.1.1 1G Mobile communication

2.1.2 2G (2ND Generation) Network

2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation cellular [Link] encrypted phone

conversations, at least between the mobile phone and the cellular base station but not necessarily
in the rest of the network. Significantly more efficient use of the radio frequency spectrum
enabling more users per frequency band.

Developed in late 1980s & complete 1990s. It is based on digital systems. Speed up to 64kbps.
2G allows you to send text messages. Even today we are using 2G handsets but with 2.5G
having more capabilities.

Fig 2.1.2 2G Mobile communication

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2.1.3 3G (3rd Generation) Network

3G is the third generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology. It was

developed between 1990s & 2000s until present day it was using. Its transmission speed from
125 kbps to 2 Mbps. It has superior voice quality than 2G network. It has good clarity in video
conference. Its has Global roaming facility.

3G data technology uses a network of phone towers to pass signals, ensuring a stable and

relatively fast connection over long distances. The tower nearest to the user's mobile phone
passes data to it. While it may not sound complex, 3G technology was revolutionary at the time
it was released.

Fig 2.1.3 3G Mobile communication

2.1.4 4G (Forth Generation) Network

4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology. It follows on from

3G (third generation) and 2G (second generation) mobile technology.

It was developed in 2010 and it was using till the day. It is faster and more reliable. It has
speedup to 100Mbps. It gives high performance. Easy roaming and low cost.

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Fig 2.1.4 4G mobile communication

2.1.5 5G (Fifth Generation) Network

5G is the fifth-generation technology standard for broadband cellular networks, which

cellular phone. The fifth generation of wireless technology promises more than just a faster
network. It will help redefine the network, establishing a new global wireless standard for speed,

throughput and bandwidth. A 5G network builds a bridge to the future.

Fig 2.1.5 5G Mobile communications

2.2 KEY CONCEPTS

-)Real wireless world with no more limitations with access & zone issues

-)Wearable devices

-)IPv6, where a visiting care of mobile IP . address is assigned according to location &
connected network.

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-) One unified global standard

-)Smart radio

-) The user can simultaneously be connected with several wireless access technology.

-) Multiple concurrent data transfer path.

Fig 2.2 5G network

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CHAPTER-3

ARCHITECTURE

3.1 BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF 5G

Fig 3.1 architecture of 5G

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Table 3.1 architecture of 5G

3.1.1 OPEN WIRELESS ARCHITECTURE (OWA)

OSI Layer 1 & OSI Layer 2 defines the wireless technology. (OSI stands for Open
Systems Interconnection. OSI model was developed by the International Organization for
Standardization(ISO). It is a reference model for how applications communicate over a
network. The OSI model characterizes computing functions into a universal set of rules and
requirements in order to support interoperability between different products and software).

For these two layers the 5G mobile network is likely to be based on OWA. OWA is
addition of physical layer and data link layer.

Physical Layer +Data Link Layer=OWA

3.1.2 NETWORK LAYER

-) All mobile networks will use IP (Internet Protocol).

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 5G WIRELESS SYSTEMS

-) Each mobile terminal will be FA (Foreign Agent) A mobile can be attached to

several mobiles orwireless networks at the same time.

-) The fixed IPv6 will be implemented in the mobile phones

-) Separation of network layer into two sublayers:

(i) Lower network layer (for each interface)

(ii) Upper network layer (for the mobile terminal)

[Link] IPv6:

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the IP,the communications

protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and
routes traffic across the Internet.

3.1.3 OPEN TRANSPORT PROTOCOL (OTP)

-) Wireless network differs from wired network regarding the transport layer.

-)In all TCP versions the assumption is that lost segments are due to network congestion

-)In wireless, the loss is due to higher biterror ratio in the radio interface

-) 5G mobile terminals have transport layer that is possible to be downloaded & installed
- Open Transport Protocol (OTP)

-) OTP is formed by adding transport layer and sessional layer.

Transport layer + Session layer = OTP

3.1.4 APPLICATION LAYER

-) Provides intelligent QoS (Quality of Service) management over variety of networks

-) Provides possibility for service quality testing &storage of measurement information

ininformation database in the mobile terminal.

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 5G WIRELESS SYSTEMS

-) Select the best wireless connection for givenservices.

-) QoS parameters, such as, delay, losses, BW, reliability, will be stored inDB of 5G
mobile

Presentation layer Application layer = Application

Fig 3.1.1 5G Mobile Network Challenges, Facilitators, & 5G Design Fundamental

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3.2 HARDWARE & SOFTWARE OF 5G

Table 3.2 hardware & software of 5G

Fig 3.2 Hardware and software of 5G

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3.3 RADIO SPECTRUM FOR 5G

Table 3.3 radio spectrum of 5G

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CHAPTER-4

FEATURES OF 5G NETWORK

4.1 FEATURES

o High resolution for crazy cell phone users.

o Bi-directional large BW.
o Less traffic.
o 25 Mbps connectivity speed.
o Enhanced & available connectivity just about the world.
o Uploading & Downloading speed of 5G touching the peak (up to 1 Gbps).
o Better & fast solution.
o High quality service based on policy to avoid error.
o Support virtual private networks.
o More attractive & effective.
o Provides subscriber supervision tools for fast action.
o Worldwide coverage
o Worldwide will be in Wi-Fi zone.
o Battery life much longer
o 1000x bandwidth per unit area
o Speed of 5G technology touch the peak

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4.2 COMPARISION

Fig 4.2 comparison (1)

4.2.1SECOND GENERATION (2G)

2G refers to the second generation of mobile networks based on GSM. The radio signals
used by the 1G network were analog, while 2G networks were digital. 2G capabilities were
achieved by allowing multiple users on a single channel via multiplexing. During 2G, cellular
phones were used for data along with voice. Some of the key features of 2G were:
o Data speeds of up to 64kbps.
o Use of digital signals instead of analog.
o Enabled services such as SMS and MMS (Multimedia Message)
o Provided better quality voice calls.
o It used a bandwidth of 30 to 200 KHz.
4.2.2 THIRD GENERATION (3G)
The 3G standard utilises Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) as its
core network architecture. 3G network combines aspects of the 2G network with new

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technologies and protocols to deliver a significantly faster data rate. By using packet switching,
the original technology was improved to allow speeds up to 14 Mbps. It used Wide Band
Wireless Network that increased clarity. It operates at a range of 2100 MHz and has a bandwidth
of 15-20 MHz .Some of the main features of 3G are:
o Speed of up to 2 Mbps
o Increased bandwidth and data transfer rates
o Send/receive large email messages.
o Large capacities and broadband capabilities

4.2.3 FORTH GENERATION (4G)

The main difference between 3G and 4G is the data rate. There is also a huge difference
between 3G and 4G technology. The key technologies that have made 4G possible are MIMO
(Multiple Input Multiple Output) and OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing).
The most important 4G standards are WiMAX and LTE. While 4G LTE is a major improvement
over 3G speeds, it is technically not 4G. What is the difference between 4G and LTE?
Even after it was widely available, many networks were not up to the required speed of
4G. 4G LTE is a “fourth generation long term evolution”, capable of delivering a very fast and
secure internet connection. Basically, 4G is the predetermined standard for mobile network
connections. 4G LTE is the term given to the path which has to be followed to achieve those
predefined standards. Some of the features of 4G LTE are:
o Support interactive multimedia, voice, video.
o High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit
o Global and scalable mobile networks.
o Ad hoc and multi-hop networks.

4.2.4 FIFTH GENERATION (5G)

5G networks operate on rarely used radio millimetre bands in the 30 GHz to 300GHzrange.
Testing of 5G range in mmWave has produced results approximately 500 meters from the tower.
Using small cells, the deployment of 5G with millimetre wave based carriers can improve overall
coverage area. Combined with beamforming, small cells can deliver extremely fast coverage
with low latency.
Low latency is one of 5G’s most important features. 5G uses a scalable orthogonal
frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) framework. 5G benefits greatly from this and can have
latency as low as one millisecond with realistic estimates to be around 1-10 sec. 5G is estimated
to be 60 to 120 times faster than the average 4G latency.
Active antenna 5G encapsulated with 5G massive MIMO is used for providing better
connections and enhanced user experience. Big 5G array antennas are deployed to gain

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additional beamforming information and knock out propagation challenges that are experienced
at mmWave frequency ranges.
Further, 5G networks clubbed with network slicing architecture enables telecom operators to
offer on-demand tailored connectivity to their users that is adhered to Service Level Agreement
(SLA). Such customised network capabilities comprise latency, data speed, latency, reliability,
quality, services, and security.

Fig 4.2.1 comparison(2)

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CHAPTER-5

ADVANTAGES

There are several advantages of 5G technology, some of the advantages have been shown below

 High resolution and bi-directional bandwidth shaping

 More effective and efficient
 Data bandwidth of 1gbps or higher
 Globally accessible
 Dynamic information access
 Available at low cost
 Gather all networks to one platform.
 Easily manageable with the previous generations

Fig 5 Advantages

CHAPTER-6
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APPLICATIONS

 5G technology is adorned with many

 as well as distinct features, which applicability is useful for a wide range people
respective of their purposes Some of the significant applications are
 Wearable devices with Al (Artificial Intelligence) capabilities.
 Pervasive (Global) networks
 Media independent handover
 Radio resource management
 VoIP (Voice over IP) enabled devices.
 With 6th sense technology
 It will make unified global standard for all
 Network availability will be everywhere and will facilitate people to use their computer
and such kind of mobile devices anywhere anytime.
 Because of the IPv6 technology, visiting care of mobile IP address will be assigned as per
the connected network and geographical position.

Fig 6 applications

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CHAPTER -7
CONCLUSION

The future becoming more and more difficult to predict with each passing year:
So we should always expect an increasing pace of technological change. In this paper, the
main importance is on 5G mobile phone concept and is unchartered which is going to be
a new mobile revolution in mobile market. This mobile technology we offer high data
rate and relabel communication at an affordable rate. We conclude that a great time to
invest in start-ups. Nowadays mobile users have much awareness of the cell phone
technology.
The 5G technologies incorporate all type of advanced features which makes 5G
mobile technology most powerful and in huge donned in near future. But the final
success of 5G mobile communication systems will depend upon when is fully
implemented and the new services and contents made available to users.

The future enhancement of Nani-core will be incredible as a combine with

artificial intelligent (AI) One can able to control his intelligent Robot using his mode
phone. Our Mobile can automatically type the message what our brain thinks.

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7.1 REFERENCES

1) [Link]

2) [Link]

3) [Link]

4) [Link]

Referred Books:

1) 6Suvarna Patil, Vipin Patil A Review on 5g Technology, International Jour of

Engineering and Innovative Technology (LEFT)

2) Saurabh Patel. Mahar Chauhan, Kajal Kapadiya 5G: Future MobileTechnology-vision 2020.
International Journal of ComputerApplications (UCA).

3) Aleksandar Tudzarov, Functional Architecture for SG Mobile Network, International

Journal of Advanced science and Technology (IAST)

4) Imthiyaz Ali The 5G Nanocore

5) Akhilesh Kumar Pachauri Ompal Singh. SG Technology:Redefining Wireless Communication

in Upcoming Years

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