BASIC STAKING & LAYOUT
FOR BUILDING LINES
FABRICATION OF FORMWORKS
OBJECTIVE :
This module covers the knowledge,
skills and attitude in preparing materials
for stake-
stake-out building lines, setting batter
boards, fixing building lines.
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STAKE--OUT BUILDING LINES
STAKE
LEARNING OUTCOMES :
1. Prepare materials for stake-
stake-out
building lines
2. Stake-
Stake-out and set batter boards
3. Fix building lines
LAYOUT AND STAKING
In building construction, layout and staking
is the process of establishing the point of
building outlines or perimeters on the
ground or site where the building is to be
constructed
It may include demolition or clearing works
to establish the exact reference points
of the building/lines on the ground
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STAKES & BATTERBOARD FOR
BUILDING LINES LAYOUT
STAKES
- are wooden sticks used
as post sharpened at one
end and driven into the
ground vertically to serve Not less
than 12”
as boundaries and
support to the batter
boards.
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BATTER BOARDS
- are temporary wooden frameworks used
to suspend the layout strings for a
foundation.
BATTER BOARDS
- consist of pointed wooden stakes as
vertical members and a horizontal cross
piece.
- the lumber are usually from 2”x3” and
the horizontals sometimes are 1”x4”
- the vertical boards are, which are driven
into the ground with a sledgehammer.
The horizontal members are screwed to
the verticals
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The photo above shows single wooden batterboards and
stakes and used to support strings as guide for locating
the foundation layout.
STAKES & BATTERBOARD FOR
BUILDING LINES LAYOUT
NYLON CORDS
BATTERBOARDS
FOUNDATION
LAYOUT
PLUMB BOB STAKE
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TOOLS FOR LAYOUTING
1. SURVEY INSTRUMENTS
- Level, transit or theodoloite are the
instrument used in relocating and
establishing all reference points, lines,
boundaries and elevations for
construction.
LEVEL THEODOLITE
TRIPOD
2. PLASTIC LEVEL HOSE
- is a transparent plastic tube having a
diameter of ¼” t0 ½” filled with water used
to establish horizontal lines
- this is simple & accurate instrument used in
establishing horizontal plane, in the absence
of a survey eqpt
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3. STRING OR NYLON CHORD
- is any material (e.g. GI wire, cotton, plastic
or nylon chord) used for connecting
established points, projecting straight lines
on a grid and are securely tied to the batter
boards.
NYLON CORD IN ROLL NYLON CORD IN SPOOL
4. CHALK LINE
- Is a taut, chalk-
chalk-covered
cord that is stretched
between two established
points.
- The cord deposits a
straight line of chalk when
it is plucked and snapped
onto the surface
- This is very useful when
laying out on a finished
surface.
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- Snapping a CHALK LINE
LAYOUT PROCEDURE:
1. Preliminaries:
a. Before doing any construction activity on
the site, see to it that all necessary permits
have been secured from local authorities
concerned (Office of the Building Official)
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Preliminaries:
b. Relocate the boundaries of the
construction site with the services of a
registered surveyor (Geodetic Engr)
Engr) service
is required. They can establish missing
points and lot boundaries.
Preliminaries:
c. Clear the site of any existing structures,
trees and other elements that will
obstruct the construction of the building.
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LAYOUT PROCEDURE:
2. TEMPORARY FACILITIES
a. Make a temporary T&B, BUNKHOUSE
facilities structures WASHING
layout, ensuring the
least possible
FABRICATION
obstruction to the
CANTEEN
building for
construction, if
inevitable.
Construct it using
light and reusable SITE
WAREHOUSE
OFC
materials
b. Apply for temporary power and water
connections.
connections
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c. Provide perimeter fences to prevent
pilferage
3. LAYOUTING PROCEDURE
a. Drive stakes on the ground, at least a
meter away from the corner foundation
excavations, basing on the established
points of the surveyor
b. Nail a horizontal
batter board around
the building site,
At least 1mtr
ensuring it to be
leveled. At least 1mtr
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c. Measure and establish the reference lines
of the building on the batter board using
nails, and tie securely the nylon
string/cord to project the grid lines.
lines.
Note : Verify the measurements in the plan
if the distances indicated are
a. Center to center
b. Center to outer side
c. Outer to outer side
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d. Inside to inside
NAIL GUIDE/MARKERS
FOR REFERENCE POINTS
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SQUARING USING AN L-
L-SQUARE
SQUARING USING A
WHOLE PLYWOOD BOARD
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SQUARING USING BY THE USE OF
3-4-5 METHOD
d. The established reference points and cord
lines are used to establish points/locations
of structures that are transferred to the
ground by the aid of plumb bob and
staked accordingly for markers on the areas
to be excavated.
CENTER
STAKE
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CENTER
STAKE
SUMMARY FOR LAYOUTING WORKS
a. Preliminaries – Permits, Temporary facilities,
site clearing
b. Temporary staking out of corners
c. Setting up the stakes & batter boards
d. Laying out the of the building lines on the
batter boards
e. Squaring the layout lines
f. Locating the center point of the foundations
g. Marking the places for the excavations
needed for the foundation.
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END OF
PREPARE & STAKE OUT
BUILDING LINES
MODULE
FORMWORKS FABRICATION
WORKSHOP
GROUP WORK:
Layout and mark on the ground, the location
of the building’s foundation based on the
given foundation plan layout.
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FORMWORKS FABRICATION
WORKSHOP
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