Module 1
Try it!
To test if one of Aristotle’s studies is correct, do this activity.
Prepare a flashlight and two ping pong balls. In a dark room, align the flashlight and the
balls horizontally. Illuminate one ball with the flashlight and observe the shadow it casts
on the ball behind it.
1. What is the shape of the shadow? - the shape of it would be round
2. How is the result of the experiment related to Aristotle's arguments about the shape
of the Earth?
- Aristotle realized that a lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth came between the sun
and the moon. The shape of the earth's shadow was round. If the earth were flat, it's
shadow would have a much different form.
3. If you use a different object, like two Rubik’s cubes instead of ping pong balls, will it
cast the same shape of shadow? Explain.
- No. Because the shape that will appear on the shadow will depends on the shape of
the object that blocks the light.
What would life on Earth be like if it is not a sphere?
Many people believed that if the earth wasn’t in an oblate spheroid shape, the gravity
will fall same as the unpredictable changes of weather since half of it will receive a small
amount of sunlight.
What I Can Do
If you were given a chance to write something on your journal for your chosen Greek
philosopher, who will it be and what will you tell him about his findings on ancient
history?
Socrates
Being one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral
philosopher, Socrates contributed many studies in philosophy and other field of
sciences that until now was used in present researches of modern philosophers. And
as a student, I will thank him for inventing philosophical ethics as well as the true
freedom of speech. He also taught us that life is worthless without happiness.
Module 2
Additional Activities
If you were given a chance to write something on your journal about some examples of
astronomical phenomena before the advent of telescope, what would it be? Explain the
importance of your chosen astronomical phenomenon in your own daily life. Write your
answer in your own journal or notebook.
Answer: Solar eclipse, lunar eclipse, phases of the moon, motion of stars, and
visibility of planets; these astronomical phenomena are already known even before the
invention of telescope. These astronomical phenomena helped me to adapt in everyday
changes of life. Because the phases of moon will notify us if there is a high tide coming
especially if we live near the sea shore, gravitational pull of the moon is strong when it is
in full or half moon phase. Furthermore, the female menstrual cycle has also a link with
Moon cycle. When it comes in the occasion of a total solar eclipse it allows the
scientists a unique opportunity to observe things about and around the sun that we
normally can't see because of, well, sunlight. Namely, blocking out the sun will allow us
to explore the sun's corona, Mercury, and nearby stars in more detail.
Module 3
What can I do
This will allow the introduction of Brahe and Kepler's analysis of planetary motions that
led to the 3 laws.
Analyze and discuss the implications of scientists defying cultural beliefs in older times
and what science would be like today without the scientific analysis and discoveries of
Brahe and Kepler. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
The three Kepler's laws of planetary motion were covered in the video. The first is that
each planet's orbit is an ellipse with the Sun at its center; the second is that a line
connecting the Sun and a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time; and the third is
that the square of a planet's orbital period is proportionate to the cube of its orbit's semi-
major axis. In the history of astronomy, cosmology, and science in general, Kepler's
laws hold a significant place. They were a crucial step in the revolution that transferred
the universe's center from the Earth to the Sun, and they established the groundwork for
Newton's unification of heaven and earth.
Additional Activities
If you were given a chance to write something on your journal for your chosen Modern
Astronomer, who would it be and what would you tell him about his findings on ancient
history?
Nicolas Copernicus
As the father of modern astronomy, his proposal regarding that the sun was stationary
in the center of the universe and the earth revolved around it, widened the knowledge
and perspective of other philosophers that was resulted in the studies of the heavenly
bodies and how important is the sun as the center of the universe. The only thing that I
would like to say to him is that I am grateful for his discoveries about this beautiful
planet that surrounds us.
Module 4
Additional activities
Activity 1.5
Given two one-peso coins, released at the same time, Coin A is dropped while Coin B is
thrown horizontally coming from the same height. Which one do you think would reach
the ground first?
Because it will descend with the edge facing the ground and have negligible air
resistance, Coin A will reach the earth first, whereas Coin B will travel a bit while gliding
or spinning and will experience lift forces. Coin B, on the other hand, has a substantially
bigger surface area pushing down on the air as it falls, causing it to fall slower. But
unless the coin thrown horizontally is supported by aerodynamic lift, the two coins will
both hit the ground at the same time.
Module 5
What’s more
Terms Description
Motion- is the activity or process of continually changing position or moving from one
place to another.
Aristotle- He was an Ancient Greek philosopher who thought that heavier objects fall
faster than lighter ones.
Galileo- He was an Italian Mathematician and Father of modern Science who
discredited the Aristotelian view of motion. He believed that force is not necessarily
required for violent motion
Air resistance- Air resistance is a force that is caused by air. The force acts in the
opposite direction to an object moving through the air.
Acceleration- It is a change in the rate of motion, speed or action.
Free-fall- It is any motion of a body where gravity is the only force acting upon it.
Speed- it is most often describes acceleration or a high rate of motion
What’s new
1. heavier and lighter objects fall at the same provided there is time no air
resistance
2. air resistance makes the lighter objects fall delayed
3. The knowledge that I absorbed in this study is that the weight doesn’t matter but
the effects of the air on the object
What I can do
1. The force of gravity, it turns out, tries to drive everything downhill at the same
pace, regardless of how light or heavy it is. This means that if you drop a
basketball and a ping pong ball from the same height, they will both touch the
ground simultaneously.
2. Galileo's laws of motion created the concept of force as a driving force for
motion, determined that an object's natural state is rest or uniform motion.
3. This type of exercise helps to strengthen your heart and circulate your blood. It
also provides more information about this lesson.
Additional activities
As a 21ST century learner, what would be the impact to you of this learning? On a
separate sheet of paper, create a checklist of things that would be beneficial to you from
this learning.
It opens a new understanding that studying physics can be fun
It triggers the mind of the student to think critically in every exercises
In every lesson, it teaches the balance of everything to achieve the desire result
It provides information about the history and ways of the philosophers to come up
with this kind of experiments
Module 6
What’s new
This is a bowling game. A heavy ball is rolled down a narrow lane aiming the pins. What
makes the ball keep on rolling ? What makes the pins fall in different direction?
When you roll a ball on the ground, the electrons in the atoms on the earth's
surface push against the electrons in your ball's surface that is touching the
ground. Because the surface on which it rolls resists its motion, a rolling ball
comes to a halt. A rolling ball stops because of friction.
A bowler rolls a bowling ball down a wood or synthetic lane toward 10 pins
arranged evenly in four rows in an equilateral triangle at the far end of the lane in
ten-pin bowling. The goal is to knock down all ten pins on the first roll of the ball
(a strike), or on the second roll if that fails (a spare).
What I have learned
Answer the questions briefly.
1. State Newton’s first law of motion. What makes the object remain in state of
motion or at rest? Explain why?
Newton's first law states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a
straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force. If
that velocity is zero, then the object remains at rest. If an external force is applied, the
velocity will change because of the force.
2. Explain the difference on Galileo’s idea of inertia and Newton’s first law of
motion.
The tendency of any substance to modify its state of motion is referred to as inertia.
Galileo claimed that if you 'let a rolling ball alone,' it will continue to roll at the same
speed. The concept of force is the only distinction between Galileo's assertion and
Newton's first law of motion.
What can I do
Now that you have understood the law of inertia, create an acrostic poem using the
word INERTIA. In creating your poem, you may share what you have learned or
experienced facing the COVID-19 pandemic.
I-nsisting to go outside to play is wrong
N-ever forget the boredom we endure for so long
E-xtra careful with your actions
R-oaming virus can get you into panic reaction
T-his new normal teaches us the moral
I-nflicting hate towards another is abnormal
A-lways use our designated facials
Additional activities
Let us see if you can recognize inertia when you see or feel it occur every day. List at
least 5 activities you do every day. You might be surprised at how much moment of
inertia you have in your life.
1. Cleaning the bed after sleeping.
2. Showering in the bathroom.
3. Sweeping the dust inside the house.
4. Washing the dishes after eating.
5. Watching television.
Module 7
What can I do
Situation:
Suppose you are with a group of researchers out in a forested area. Suddenly the rain
poured and there was zero visibility in the place. You want to help your companions out
in the woods to find the right path to the lodging area. One thing that came to your mind
is to flash waves of light so that they could see where you are. What color of light are
you going to use and why?
Answer: color yellow or white because it is the most visible color of light at night.
Module 8
none
Module 9
Additional activities
Directions: Research at least one invention made out of the discovery of the wave-
particle duality of electrons. Choice of presentation can be through Powerpoint or
Microsoft word/WPS application.
Laser
Lasers, such as the one in the bar code scanner, have become commonplace in
modern life. Lasers are utilized in a variety of gadgets, including CD and DVD players
as well as the tools used by surgeons to perform laser eye surgery. It would be difficult
to go through your day without coming into contact with lasers in some way. It's hard to
think that when lasers were first invented a few decades ago, they were deemed to be
useless. Even more incredible, the scientific idea that led to the development of the
laser is one of science's oddest notions. This is Einstein’s wave-particle theory.
Electrons can be triggered to emit light energy that behaves both like a particle and a
wave, according to the hypothesis. These light-energy particles are now known as
photons. Not only is it hard to imagine something that is both a particle and not a
particle, but the theory is also bizarre. It has also resulted in some unexpected
revelations. The act of witnessing photons, for example, modifies them, and photons
appear to “love” being with other photons. The more we learn about the idea, the sillier it
appears, according to Einstein. Nonetheless, this idea has transformed our knowledge
of nature.
Module 10
