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Week 8 Lacing System Solutions

This document contains the solutions to 13 multiple choice questions about structural design concepts related to laced and battened columns. The questions cover topics such as: - Minimum thickness requirements for lacing bars and tie plates - Load carried by lacing bars - Effective slenderness ratios of laced columns - Spacing of lacing bars - Design of battens to carry transverse shear loads The document provides the question, multiple choice answers, and worked out solutions explaining the reasoning behind the correct answers. References are also provided from design codes and lecture materials.

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Bhikaji Chougale
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161 views2 pages

Week 8 Lacing System Solutions

This document contains the solutions to 13 multiple choice questions about structural design concepts related to laced and battened columns. The questions cover topics such as: - Minimum thickness requirements for lacing bars and tie plates - Load carried by lacing bars - Effective slenderness ratios of laced columns - Spacing of lacing bars - Design of battens to carry transverse shear loads The document provides the question, multiple choice answers, and worked out solutions explaining the reasoning behind the correct answers. References are also provided from design codes and lecture materials.

Uploaded by

Bhikaji Chougale
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Week 8 Assignment 8 Solution Full Marks 20

Q.1 If L is the length between the inner end bolts or welds of a lacing bar, the thickness of the
lacing bar for single lacing system should not be less than 1
b) L/40
Ref: Lecture 36, Slide 13
Q.2 In double lacing system the angle of inclination of lacing bar to the axis of the member
should be in the range of 1
(c) 40° to 70°
Ref: Lecture 36, Slide 13
Q.3 A steel column in a multi-storeyed building carries an axial load of 250 kN. It is built up of
two ISMC 350 channels connected by lacing. The lacing carries a load of 2
b) 6.25 kN
Sol: As per clause [Link] of IS 800 :2007,
2.5
𝑉𝑡 = 100 × 250 = 6.25 kN
Q.4 A laced column 10 m long is restrained in position but not in direction at both the ends. Two
ISMC 250 @298.2 N/m are placed back-to-back in a distance such that slenderness ratio
about both the direction becomes equal. The effective slenderness ratio of the column will
be 2
b) 105.6
Sol: Le= 10 m;
For ISMC 250, rzz = 99.4
𝐿𝑒 10000
= = 100.6
𝑟𝑧𝑧 99.4
Therefore, effective slenderness ratio = 1.05×100.6 = 105.63
Q.5 The maximum allowable slenderness ratio of lacing bars in built-up columns is 1
c) 145
Ref: Clause [Link], IS 800: 2007
Q.6 In bolted connection, the minimum width of lacing bar should be 1
b) 3× nominal diameter of the bolt
Ref: Lecture 36, Slide 12
Q.7 Two ISMC 350 are placed back to back with a spacing of 200 mm and a single lacing system
with an inclination of lacing bar of 45° is used. If the gauge length is 45 mm, the minimum
radius of gyration of the lacing bar will be 4
a) 2.96 mm

Sol: Length of lacing flat, 𝑙 = (200 + 45 + 45)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐45° = 410.122 mm


1
Minimum thickness of lacing flat = 40 × 410.122 = 10.25 mm
𝑡 10.25
Minimum 𝑟 = = = 2.96 mm
√12 √12
Q.8 A built-up double laced column is 9 m long and one end of the column is fixed and other end
is free. The effective length of the laced column will be 2
c) 18.9 m

Sol: Depending upon the end condition, the effective length of the column = 2×9 =18 m
The effective length of the laced column = 1.05×18 = 18.9 m

Q.9 In a single laced column system a tie plate of length 300 mm is used at the end of the
column. The minimum thickness of the tie plate should be 1
c) 6 mm

Sol: The minimum thickness of the tie plate = (1/50) ×300 = 6 mm

Q.10 The effective slenderness ratio of the battened column is increased by 1


b) 10% of the actual one

Ref: Lecture 40, Slide 4


Q.11 Battens provided for a compression member shall be designed to carry a transverse shear
equal to 1

a) 2.5% of axial force in the member


b) 5% of axial force in the member
c) 10% of axial force in the member
d) 15% of axial force in the member
Ref: Clause [Link], IS 800: 2007

Q.12 For intermediate batten, the effective depth of batten should be more than 1
(a) centroid distance of the member
(b) 0.75 times the centroid distance of the member
(c) the width of the member in the plane of batten
(d) all of the above
Ref: Lecture 40, Slide 9
Q.13 Two ISMC 300 are placed back to back with a spacing of 170 mm and a single lacing system
with an inclination of lacing bar of 50° is used. If the gauge length is 50 mm, the spacing of
the lacing bar will be 2
(a) 226.5 mm
(b) 352.5 mm
(c) 453.1 mm
(d) 643.5 mm
Sol: Spacing of the lacing bar, 𝐿0 = 2 × (170 + 50 + 50)𝑐𝑜𝑡50° = 453.1 mm

Common questions

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The minimum width requirement for lacing bars in bolted connections, set at three times the nominal diameter of the bolt, is designed to ensure that the lacing bars can accommodate the loads transferred through the bolts effectively. This width provides a balance between material use and structural capacity, ensuring sufficient lateral support to the column elements under load .

Lacing bars are crucial in laced columns as they provide lateral stability to the components of the column by preventing local buckling and ensuring load sharing between the components. In multi-storied buildings, they carry a portion of the axial load (6.25 kN in the example given) and help distribute forces across the column assembly, thereby increasing the effective load-carrying capacity and stability of the structure .

The maximum slenderness ratio limit of 145 for lacing bars is set to control the susceptibility of these elements to buckling under compressive forces. By limiting the slenderness ratio, the design ensures that the lacing bars have sufficient rigidity to provide lateral support effectively, thereby enhancing the column's stability against buckling during axial loading .

The angle of inclination of lacing bars in a double lacing system affects the distribution of axial and shear forces in the lacing. An optimal angle between 40° and 70° ensures that the forces are effectively transferred and helps in maintaining the stability of the column while minimizing buckling. Deviating from this range might result in inefficient force distribution and potential structural weaknesses .

The effective length of a laced column is determined by its end conditions. For example, if one end is fixed and the other free, the effective length is typically twice the actual length due to reduced rotational restraint, and an additional factor of 1.05 is applied to account for increased instability risks, resulting in an effective length calculation of 18.9 m for a 9 m long column .

The thickness of a lacing bar in a single lacing system should not be less than 1/40th of the distance between the inner bolts or welds (length L) to ensure adequate strength and rigidity. This provides sufficient resistance against buckling and contributes to the overall stability of the column under load .

Increasing the effective slenderness ratio by 10% in a battened column design reduces the column's buckling resistance and potentially its load capacity. Engineers must consider compensating for this increase by either enhancing other design elements, such as the column's cross-sectional area or material strength, to maintain structural safety and performance standards .

Battens must be designed to carry a specific percentage (e.g., 2.5%) of the axial force to ensure they contribute adequately to the distribution of transverse shear forces. This design consideration helps in preventing local structural failures and enhances the load-bearing capacity of the compression member by maintaining its structural integrity under various loading conditions .

The spacing and inclination of lacing bars influence the load distribution and buckling resistance of the column system. For ISMC 300 channels, proper spacing (e.g., 453.1 mm at a 50° inclination) ensures effective load transfer and lateral support, reducing the slenderness ratio and improving the column's overall stability and resistance to deformation under axial loads .

Intermediate battens play a critical role in the stability of laced columns by providing additional lateral support, preventing buckling, and distributing loads between the column members. Their effective depth is determined relative to the centroid distance of the column members, often more than this distance, to ensure adequate lateral resistance and structural stability under load .

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