THESE ARE THE CONTENTS THAT I WOULD BE COVERING IN TODAY'S PRESENTATION
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A BRIEF INTRODUCTION ON DIGITAL TWIN, A digital twin is a digital representation or
a
virtual replica of a physical object, process or service that spans its lifecycle.
A digital twin can be a replica of a jet engine or wind farms, or even
larger items such as buildings or even whole cities.
It shows the visualization of complex assets and processes and helps businesses to
improve their performance.
This replica is updated as regularly as possible or in real-time.
The constant updating is meant to keep up with the real-world counterparts and any
changes that it may go through.
We all know experimentation is a vital part of the developmental process. However,
it can be a really costly .
Not only is it financially demanding, but it can also be time-consuming.
Basically by creating digital twin one can create an environment where changes can
be made with almost identical
results in the physical space.
Therefore, it might be successfully used for a range of purposes which includes
analyzing previous results
and testing new strategies.
The Benefits of Using Digital Twins
1) Accelerated risk assessment and production time
With the help of a digital twin, companies can test and validate a product before
it even exists in the real
world. By creating a replica of the planned production process, a digital twin
enables engineers to identify
any process failures before the product goes into production. Engineers can disrupt
the system to synthesize
unexpected scenarios, examine the system’s reaction, and identify corresponding
mitigation strategies.
This new capability improves risk assessment, accelerates the development of new
products, and enhances
the production line’s reliability.
2) Predictive maintenance
Since a digital twin system’s IoT sensors generate big data in real-time,
businesses can analyze their
data to proactively identify any problems within the system. This ability enables
businesses to more
accurately schedule predictive maintenance, thus improving production line
efficiency and lowering maintenance costs.
3) Real-time remote monitoring
It is often very difficult or even impossible to get a real-time, in-depth view of
a large physical system.
However, a digital twin can be accessed anywhere, enabling users to monitor and
control the system performance remotely.
4) Better team collaboration
Process automation and 24×7 access to system information allows technicians to
focus more on inter-team collaboration,
which leads to improved productivity and operational efficiency.
5) Better financial decision-making
A virtual representation of a physical object has the ability to integrate
financial data, such as the cost of
materials and labor. The availability of a large amount of real-time data and
advanced analytics enables businesses
to make better and faster decisions about whether or not adjustments to a
manufacturing value chain are financially sound.
DESIGNING
There are 3 major steps in designing a digital twin
Data
A digital twin requires data about an object or process in order for a virtual
model to be created that can
represent the behaviours or states of the real world item or procedure. This data
may relate to the lifecycle
of a product and include design specifications, production processes or
engineering information. It can also
include production information including equipment, materials, parts, methods and
quality control. Data can
also be related to operation, such as real-time feedback, historical analysis and
maintenance records.
Other data used in digital twin design can include business data or end-of-life
procedures.
Modelling
Once the data has been gathered it can be used to create computational analytical
models to show
operating effects, predict states such as fatigue, and determine behaviours. These
models can
prescribe actions based on engineering simulations, physics, chemistry, statistics,
machine learning,
artificial intelligence, business logic or objectives. These models can be
displayed via 3D representations
and augmented reality modelling in order to aid human understanding of the
findings.
Linking
The findings from digital twins can be linked to create an overview, such as by
taking the findings of equipment
twins and putting them into a production line twin, which can then inform a
factory-scale digital twin. By using
linked digital twins in this way it is possible to enable smart industrial
applications for real world operational
developments and improvements.
Technologies used in building digital twin
Internet of Thins (IoT) is the main technology used in every application of Digital
Twin. IoT is based on the
collection of data acquired from real-world objects with the help of sensors.
These data are then used to
create a digital duplicate of the physical object that can be analyzed,
manipulated, and optimized.
Therefore, the value created by the IoT is governed by the flow of information
through a system.
IoT helps a Digital Twin applications to connects a virtual representation with a
physical object in
real time, keeping it constantly updated.
Extended Reality (XR) is the visualization technology which creates digital
representations of objects.
XR capabilities enable Digital Twins to digitally model physical objects, allowing
users to interact
with digital content.
Cloud Computing technology is used for efficient storing and accessing data over
the Internet.
As applications of Digital Twins operate with large volumes of data, cloud
computing allows to
store all data in the virtual cloud and easily access required information from any
location.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an advanced analytical tool that is able to
automatically analyze
obtained data and provide valuable insights. It can also make predications about
possible outcomes
and give suggestions as to how to avoid potential problems.
Now I would like to talk about few applications of digital twin in the real world
DIGITAL TWIN OF CONSTRUCTION SITES
The most important step is collection of data and this can be done using
Smartphone Cameras
Smartphone prices are continuing to decrease, along with the cost of the
components they are built with. Currently the cheapest smartphones have
cameras with enough resolution and image quality to reconstruct the walls,
the shape of the beams and the equipment within the construction site.
Time-Lapse Cameras
Time-lapse video is a sequence of photos captured at a smaller rate than
they are playing, which translates to the time moving faster than on standard
video.
Autonomous UAV And Robots
Data for digital twins also comes from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) like drones,
or fixed wing planes equipped with high-resolution cameras and sensors; they can be
operated in a fully autonomous mode.
Now that the data is collected, Image Data Processing Algorithms are applied For
Digital Twin Creation
3D Reconstruction: Conventional Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the science of taking measurements from photographs and
recovering
the exact positions of surface points. It is currently used in many areas —
architecture,
engineering, manufacturing, quality control, and other. In most cases, the goal of
photogrammetry
is to reconstruct a 3D scene from given photos by aligning the real world
coordinates to image
coordinates and finally generating a points cloud.
3D Reconstruction: Structure From Motion
Structure from motion (SfM) began as a subfield in photogrammetry. It uses the same
algorithms
for the parts of the pipeline: feature/target tracking, triangulation, camera pose
estimation,
and bundle adjustment.
Currently, SfM and photogrammetry are used together to create denser 3D
representations
that are more accurate in measurements than any of the other methods alone.
Object detection and recognition is usually a cornerstone for robotic applications
on
construction sites, as robots need to know the location of obstacles for
navigation
and path planning.
In digital twin modeling, construction companies can use object detection and
recognition to create better models of hazardous spaces and to monitor complex
machinery on-site.
Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is a field in robotics. It constitutes
the computational problem of constructing or updating a map of an unknown
environment,
while simultaneously keeping track of an agent’s location within it.
Object Tracking
Object tracking is the recognition of an object’s location,
speed, and dynamics at each time-step. It is often used in robotics for
tasks of real-time predictive controls, but is also useful for predicting the
location of construction workers and equipment on a construction site.
Tracking is also used as part of video-based path planning and can provide
capabilities for avoiding obstacles.
The digital twin of construction site helps in progress monitoring, resource
planning and safety monitoring.
DIGITAL TWIN OF HEART
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) take the lives of 17.7 million people every year –
almost one third of all deaths worldwide.
Early detection and prediction of the progression of CVD are essential for saving
lives through improved
treatment. However, despite significant advances in medical imaging techniques like
MRI, CT and ultrasound,
determining optimal treatment plans for patients with CVD remains challenging.
Medical images provide a wealth of information, but it is difficult for a clinician
to reconstruct and
interpret the anatomy of a patient’s heart from a set of 2D images. Yet this is a
crucial step in
understanding the nature of a CVD and in planning and guiding interventions.
Adding to the complexity is that every heart is different. For example, the heart
chambers of each person
are slightly different. This limits the usefulness of general, fixed anatomical
models that are based on average population data.
Unlike traditional anatomical models, which describe organs in a general way,
a digital twin reflects the particular – it captures the idiosyncrasies that makes
the heart unique.
So first generic model of the heart is developed and then a personalised model. A
generic model
has prior knowledge about the general structural layout of the heart, how the heart
location
varies within an image, and the ways in which the heart shape varies. This
knowledge is incorporated
into the model by training it on approximately one thousand ultrasound images from
a wide variety of heart shapes and sizes.
So this is how a generic model is created.
Based on the unique images of the heart, HeartModel adapts the generic model into a
personalized one.
Digital Twin in Automotive & Aerospace
Digital Twin for Transport Maintenance
With a digital replica of a transport unit, complex management
of assets becomes highly automated as the digital twin systems constantly monitor
vehicles,
reducing manual examination down to zero. The use of real-time monitoring and
predictive
analytics allows for defects to be detected earlier and asset downtime to be
significantly reduced.
Digital Twin for Weight Monitoring
The Digital Twins technology allows logistics companies to optimize the transport
load.
For example, due to the weight restrictions for cargo airplanes transport companies
often underperform
and carry less cargo for fear of endangering the aircraft safety as it is highly
difficult or sometimes
even impossible to accurately estimate how much weight can be carried without
posing risks.
However, the use of transport twinning and flight simulating employed in Twin
Weight Monitoring
allows to assess the exact cargo weight in real time and thus avoid
underperformance.
Digital Twin for Conditions Stipulation
The use of Digital Twins is rapidly changing the way companies develop and
design their transport parks. Applying virtual replication of physical assets
parts and simulation of how they behave when in use helps air transport companies
to enhance quality control the condition of the transport units and their overall
safety.
Moreover, the digital twin technology is able to simulate the operation of their
transport
assets in various scenarios and environmental conditions