Write short notes on:
- Clay ores.
- Semi-dry and hand moulding process.
- Pfefferkorn plasticity no.
- Selection of refractories.
-Classification of refractories.
- Impurities present in clay ores.
- Traditional ceramics.
- White ware products.
- Properties of refractories.
- Sintering stages.
- Thermo gravimetric analysis (T G A)
- Properties of the slip of casting process.
- Acidic refractories.
- Effect of heat on clays.
- Operations and processes occur on firing ceramic ware.
- Advantages & disadvantages of tunnel kiln.
- Kaolinite and montomrillointe.
- Defects occurring on drying.
- Slip casting.
-Effect of heat on clays.
- Properties of alumino-silicate refractories.
- The raw materials of traditional ceramics.
- Spalling resistance.
- Slag penetrations.
- Monolithic refractories.
- Defects in extruded clay ware.
- Defects occurring on drying and firing.
a) The melting point of fire clay brick refractory:
- increase with increasing impurity.
- decrease with increasing impurity & decreasing Al2O3.
- increase with decreasing of Al2O3%.
- does not affect by neither impurity nor Al2O3%.
b) One of ceramic constituents is a plastic portion which is provided by:
- feldspar.
- limestone.
- dolomite.
- clay.
c) Workability of clay is essentially due to its:
- sheet structure.
- chemical composition.
- particle size.
d) Black core phenomena appears in case of :
- vaporization or decomposition of organic additives are incomplete.
- drying rate is rapid & constant as water evaporates from the surface, and water from
the interior migrates by capillary action to the surface.
- forming when the clays is moist but has law plasticity.
- firing process in the middle of the tile resulting of non-oxidation of carbon.
In ceramic manufacture, the function - of the flux or glassy material is:
- imparts plasticity & workability.
- affects the mechanical strength.
- helps in bonding and cementing the ingredients together.
- decrease the thermal conductivity.
c) The melting point of fire clay brick refractory:
- increase with increasing impurity.
- decrease with increasing impurity & decreasing Al2O3.
- increase with decreasing of Al2O3%.
- does not affect by neither impurity nor Al2O3%.
d) Workability of clay is essentially due to its:
- sheet structure.
- chemical composition.
- particle size.
- % of water.
a) Binders are polymers used:
- in slurry processing mixing and used to remove trapped gas bubbles from the slurry.
- to impart strength to green, unfired ceramic body.
- to reduce wear in equipment.
- to cause strength during firing
b) Illite group causes more plasticity than montomorillonite group. ( )
d) Ceramics are inorganic non metallic materials. ( )
e) Cyclone is mainly used in cement industry as solid gas separation. ( )
f) Bioceramics is traditional ceramics. ( )
g) Magnesite is mainly used in the manufacture of acidic refractories. ( )
h) Mica minerals is used in insulation. ( )
i) Potash feldspar is Na2O. Al2O3. 6SiO2. ( )
j) Dense refractories are less attacked by slag than insulation bricks. ( )
k) Insulation refractories lined behind refractory bricks. ( )
l) Vetrification is a viscous liquid phase formed during firing. ( )
m) During drying, pore water is first eliminated. ( )
n) Grog is used to enhance setting. ( )
o) Transported clays are pure and show good plasticity. ( )
a) Transported clays are pure and show good plasticity. ( )
b) Mica minerals is used in insulation. ( )
c) Potash feldspar is Na2O. Al2O3. 6SiO2. ( )
d) Dense refractories are less attacked by slag than insulation bricks. ( )
e) Insulation refractories lined behind refractory bricks. ( )
f) Vetrification is a viscous liquid phase formed during firing. ( )
g) During drying, pore water is first eliminated. ( )
h) An enamel is a glassy coat to a ceramic surface. ( )
i) Illite group causes more plasticity than montomorillonite group. ( )
j) Iron oxides and silica are impurities in clay ores. ( )
k) Ceramics are inorganic non metallic materials. ( )
l) Cyclone is mainly used in cement industry as solid gas separation. ( )
m) Bio ceramics is traditional ceramics. ( )
n) Magnesite is mainly used in the manufacture of acidic refractories. ( )
o) Grog is used to enhance setting. ( )
( ) Dense refractories are more attacked by slag than insulation bricks.
( ) Insulation refractions lined behind refractory bricks.
( ) Verification is a viscous liquid phase formed during drying
( ) During drying, pore water is first eliminated.
( ) Cracks is mainly due to slow evolution of moisture from the body.
( ) Iron oxides and silica are impurities in clay ores.
( ) Ceramics are formed by the action of heat on earthy minerals.
( ) Vetrification is a viscous liquid phase formed during drying.
( ) Dense refractories are more attacked by slag than insulation bricks.
( ) During drying, pore water is first eliminated.
( ) Black core in a ceramic body occurs during Firying.
( ) An enamel is a glassy coat to a ceramic surface.
( ) illite group causes more plasticity than montomorillonite group.
( ) Ceramics are non metals non organic solids.
( ) During drying, pore water is first eliminated.
( ) An enamel is a glassy coat to a ceramic surface.
( ) Insulation refractories lined behind refractory bricks
e) Choose a method to manufacture each of the following: (6 marks)
- Sanitary ware.
- Sewer pipes.
- Wall tiles.
c) How to avoid craks during semi-dry process.
b) Draw and describe a block flow diagram for production of high Alumina,
semi-dry process.
a) Draw and describe a block flow diagram for production of ceramic tiles.
b) Mention raw materials of traditional ceramic and explain the function of
each.
a) Draw a relation between density, shrinkage with respect to pressure
applied to specimen.
b) Choose a method to produce: (8 marks)
- Sanitary ware. - Buildings bricks.
- Sewer pipes. - Wall tiles.