The Effectiveness of Papaya Peel (Carica) as Fertilizer for Plant

A Research presented to the

Senior High School Department
(Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics)

ALYSA CHERRY [Link]

Researcher

AGUSAN DEL SUR NATIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL

Gov. D.O. Plaza Gov’t Center, Prosperidad, ADS

March 2020
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Carica papaya is a fast growing, soft-wooded, herbaceous plant reaching 3–10 m in

height. The leaves are large (30–60 cm long), yellow-green to dark-green in colour, palmately-
lobed, arranged spirally and clustered at the crown. In traditional medicine, Carica
papaya leaves have been used for treatment of asthma, colic, fever, as an abortifacient in India ,
for malaria and dengue fever in Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Malaysia and cancer in Vietnam and
Australia.
Bio-fertilizers like Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria (PSB) results an
increased availability of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the soil. Contrary to various
chemical fertilizers, organic manures and bio-fertilizers are available indigenously at lower cost
which also improve soil health and enhanced crop yield per unit of applied nutrient and there by
save energy, keeping in all above facts in view, the present investigation was carried out to
standardized most suitable combination of Azotobacter, PSB and vermicompost with a dose of
chemical fertilizers in an integrated way to get increased flowering, fruiting and higher yield of
quality fruits in Carica papaya.

Fertilizer plays an important role in the care of your garden plants, be they shrubs,
ornamentals or vegetables. Understanding fertilizer's connection to soil fertility, as well as its
effect on plant growth and the environment, is essential for maintaining a successful garden.
Background knowledge of soil nutrients and how they affect plant development will ensure you
select the best fertilizers for your plants and garden conditions.

This has created a huge knowledge gap in sustainably managing papaya fruit peels by
converting them to value-added products while protecting environmental integrity. Though few
previous studies have reported the production of organic fertilizer from pawpaw fruit peels, such
studies were carried out using mixed fruit peels such as banana, pineapples, papaya,
pomegranate, sweet lime, orange, etc. which resulted in some organic preparations that cannot be
distinctly categorized based on the source of its raw materials.

This study represents trend in the sole utilization of papaya peels as abundant resource for
organic agriculture improvement. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the valorisation of
papaya peels for the production of quality organic fertilizer. This is important to establish the
peel as a profound bio resource in global organic agricultural development, reduce solid waste
accumulation in the environment with its attendant public health menace.
1.2 Research Objectives

The main objective of this study is the effectiveness of papaya peelings to the plant:
1. To determine whether the papaya peeling are effective or not
2. To determine if the papaya peels are effective in growing a plant
3. To determine the growth of the plant s with this mulch

1.3 Research problem

This study tries to find out if the papaya peels are effective as a fertilizer:
1. Is this an effective fertilizer?
2. Is papaya peel is effective in growing plant?
3. What is the different between this papaya peels as a fertilizer to those commercial fertilizer?

1.4 Hypotheses
Based on the above mentioned statement, the null hypotheses were formulated:

1 There is no significant between this papaya peels as a fertilizer to those commercial fertilizer.
2. Papaya Peel is not effective as fertilizer.

1.5 Conceptual Framework

Papaya Peel (Carica) Preparation of Fertilizer

papaya peel

Figure 1: Conceptual Paradigm of the Studuy.

Figure 1 show the main concept of this study which is to find an alternative fertilizer.

The Papaya Peel helps the plants to grow and not just the plant but the environment.
Papaya Peel is far more satisfying when the consumer used it.
 The availability of the selected plant in the locality is very essential to make use as a
potential construction paper. This indicates the framework of this investigation wherein the
discovery of potential construction paper provides a feasible solution of the main concept of the
research problem.

1.6 Scope and Limitations of the study

The study focused on the effect of the Papaya Peel Fertilizer to any kinds of plants.
Papaya Peel fertilizer is helpful especially now that gardening is popular now a days. . This can
also help people to save money since the ingredients are affordable. Therefore this research help
your plants grow save money and help the environment. The researcher will prove the
effectiveness of fertilizer that is applied to the plant.
Papaya Peel will be collected at Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur and the study will be
conducted at P-5 Patin-ay, Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur. This study is for further investigation if
the papaya peel can be an effective source for fertilizer.

1.7 Significance of the Study

This study is about an effective fertilizer. To know if the papaya peels can be an
alternative of making fertilizer. Papaya Peel Fertilizer can help a people especially to whose
hobby is gardening. It can also help the environment and it has no side effect and cannot harm
people that surrounds on it.

The study will be beneficial to:

1. People who loves gardening

2. Everyone who needs need cheaper fertilizer for their plants.
3. Environment the result of the study can reduce environmental problems.

1.8 Definition of terms

Fertilizer- A fertilizer or fertiliser is any material of natural or synthetic that is applied to soil or
to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants. a chemical
or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility.

Gardening - the activity of tending and cultivating a garden, especially as a pastime. A garden is
a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the display, cultivation, or enjoyment of plants
and other forms of nature, as an ideal setting for social or solitary human life. The single feature
identifying even the wildest wild garden is control.
Minerals Fertilizers- greatly affect the soil (its physical, chemical, and biologic properties) and
plants. The most common sources of nutrients in mineral fertilizers are nitrogen, potassium and
phosphate. Nitrogen originates from the air. The most common process in nitrogen fertilizer
manufacturing is to create ammonia from a mixture of nitrogen from the air and hydrogen from
natural gas.

Papaya - The papaya, papaw, or pawpaw is the plant Carica papaya, one of the 22 accepted
species in the genus Carica of the family Caricaceae. The fast-growing tree which bears the
papaya, native to warm regions of America. It is widely cultivated for its fruit, both for eating
and for papain production.

Peel- To pull or strip off the natural external covering or protection of something: to peel an
orange, a potato. Pare is used of trimming off chips, flakes, or superficial parts from something,
as well as of cutting off the skin or rind: to pare the nails; to pare a potato

Plants-  living organism of the kind exemplified by trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, ferns, and
mosses, typically growing in a permanent site, absorbing water and inorganic substances through
its roots, and synthesizing nutrients in its leaves by photosynthesis using the green pigment
chlorophyll.

Potassium- is the third key nutrient of commercial fertilizers. It helps strengthen plants' abilities
to resist disease and plays an important role in increasing crop yields and overall quality.
1.9 Review of Related Literature

The nutritional demand of papaya differs from other fruit crops because of
tremendous yield potential due to precocious bearing and indeterminate flowering habit with
simultaneous vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting. Among the many plant mineral
nutrients, K stands out as a cation having the strongest influence on yield and quality attributes
that determine fruit marketability, consumer preference, and the concentration of critically
important human health-associated phytonutrients. However, many plant, soil, and
environmental factors often limit uptake of K from the soil in sufficient amounts to satisfy fruit
K requirements during development to optimize the aforementioned quality attributes (Lester et
al., 2007)

Excessive application of N fertilizers can cause nutritional imbalance in the plants and
pollute the environment through the contamination of the water table, which makes the practice
of fertilization uneconomic, because there may be higher concentration of soluble forms of N in
the soil solution, which are more susceptible to losses (Lorenzini et al., 2012)

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is an important fruit crop of tropical world and is popularly
known as wonder fruit of the tropics. Papaya belongs to the family caricaceae and is native of
Tropical America (Hofmeyr, 1945)

Bio-Fertilizers contain microorganisms which are able to mobilize the nutrients from
unusable form to usable form by biological processes (Athani et al., 2009)

Papaya is grown extensively as a filler plant in orchards and also an ideal fruit for
growing in a kitchen garden, backyards of home, especially near the cities and big towns
(Chadha, 1992)

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is widespread throughout India and in globe considered as one
of the most important, economic and nutritious fruit crop with rich antioxidants, carotene,
vitamins, and flavonoids. Due to its easy growing and early fruiting ability it occupied significant
positions in homestead, kitchen garden, home back space for family use and commercial
production. Papaya is reported in more than 60 countries with 11.22 million metric ton yield
(FAOSTAT, 2012)

Chemical fertilizer deteriorates the soil's physical, chemical and biological characteristics
and, in turn, soil productivity. It increases soil texture, composition, porosity, infiltration rate,
aeration, microbial population and better root development with positive impacts on crop yield,
quality and post-harvest characteristics. Integrated Nutrient Management relates to maintaining
soil fertility and crop nutrient supply at an optimal rate of production by optimizing the
advantages of all available organic, inorganic and biological component sources. Beneficial
microbes increase nutrient availability, reduce disease, reduce nutrient losses, and help to
degrade toxic compounds (Subba, 1998)
 Fertilizers are used to provide the minerals lacking in some soils, and to replace the
minerals removed from the soil by crops as they grow. Many conventional farmers rely on
concentrated chemical fertilizers that are rapidly absorbed by plants. These fertilizers produce
quick growth, but at the same time may kill important soil organisms, such as earthworms and
bacteria. To address the deteriorating soil quality farmers nowadays use manure, compost (a
mixture of decaying organic matter that is rich in beneficial soil microorganisms), and other
natural materials for fertilizers that nourish soil organisms, which in turn slowly and steadily
make minerals available to plants. These farming practices are described as Organic Farming
System that uses environmentally sound techniques for raising crops and livestock that are free
from most synthetic pesticides, growth hormones, and antibiotics. Organic farmers typically rely
on pesticides and fertilizers derived from plants, animal wastes, and minerals. They incorporate
biological methods, such as the use of one organism to suppress another, to help control pests.
The methods used in organic farming increase soil fertility, balance insect populations, and
reduce air, soil, and water pollution (Teame, 2017).

There are a number of different cultivars of papaya around the world. Examples are
'Kapoho Solo' or 'Puna Solo', 'Dwarf Solo', 'Waimanalo', 'Higgins', 'Wilder', 'Hortus Gold',
'Honey Gold', 'Bettina', 'Petersen', 'Improved Petersen', 'Hybrid No. 5', ‘Hybrid 1B’, ‘Hybrid
11B’, ‘Hybrid 13’, ‘Hybrid 14’, ‘Hybrid 29’, ‘Richer Gold’, ‘PG Lines’, ‘Petersen’, ‘Improved
Petersen’, ‘Sunnybank’, ‘Airline/57’, ‘OE’, ‘Yarwun Yellow’, ‘Guinea Gold’ and ‘NT Red’ .
(Agrifutures, 2019; Australian Papaya Industry Association, 2008; Morton, 1987; Nafiu, Alli-
Oluwafuyi, Haleemat, Olalekan, & Rahman, 2019; Papaya Australia, 2019).
 CHAPTER TWO

METHODOLODY

2.1 Materials

A. Reagents

1 measuring cup of papaya peel

Papaya

200 ml of bottle of water

B. Apparatus

Tupperware or container

Bottle

Strainer

Knife

Chopping board

C. Equipment

Spray bottle
 2.1 Research Design

Alternative Properties
Fertiizer
Growth Progression Plant Health Condition
(plants)
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

Papaya X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3
Peel(Carica)
Commercial X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3
Fertilizer

Legends: X-Growth progression Y-Plant Health Condition

In table 2.1 shows the research design. Three (3) trials were made in order to gather more
accurate data. Where X-Growth progression and Y-Plant Health Condition.

2.3 Procedure

2.3.1 Collection and Preparation of Samples

The Papaya Peel sample collected in Prosperidad Agusan del Sur. The collected sample
were cut into pieces and then soaked in water 2 to 3 days.

2.3.2 Fertilizer Making

The following producers are: first peel the papaya. Second cut the papaya peel
into pieces. Next put the 1 measuring cup papaya peel into the container/ Tupperware. After
then, pour the 200 ml of bottle of water. Then last use the strainer to put the water in the spray
bottle.

2.3.3 Production of papaya peel as fertilizer

The method that is used in making Fertilizer were base from the blog waking up seed
(2020)
2.3.4 Drying Process

The Papaya Peel was place in the container/ Tupperware and waited it to 2to 3 days.

2.3.6 Disposal

After testing of sample, the used samples will be separated properly. The use sample and
waste isolated properly in the trash bin. The produced organic material (such as papaya peel) was
used as soil fertilizer.

2.3.7 Statistical Treatment

The result of the papaya peel and fertilizer went through analysis. The researcher used
any kind of plant to test its result. The result of the plant may come differently in the amout of
papaya peel put in the procedure.
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