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MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS

GATE PYQ

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1. GATE 2001
The surface renewal frequency in Danckwert’s model of mass transfer is given by
(kL= mass transfer coeff, m/s)

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1. GATE 2001
The surface renewal frequency in Danckwert’s model of mass transfer is given by
(kL= mass transfer coeff, m/s)

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2. GATE 2002
The dimensionless group in mass transfer that is equivalent to Prandtl number in
heat transfer is

a. Nusselt no.
b. Sherwood no.
c. Schmidt no.
d. Stanton no.

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2. GATE 2002
The dimensionless group in mass transfer that is equivalent to Prandtl number in
heat transfer is

a. Nusselt no.
b. Sherwood no.
c. Schmidt no.
d. Stanton no.

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3. GATE 2002
The Reynolds analogy for momentum heat and mass transfer is best applicable
for

a. Gases in turbulent flow

b. Gases in laminar flow
c. Liquids in turbulent flow
d. Liquids and gases in laminar flow

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3. GATE 2002
The Reynolds analogy for momentum heat and mass transfer is best applicable
for

a. Gases in turbulent flow

b. Gases in laminar flow
c. Liquids in turbulent flow
d. Liquids and gases in laminar flow

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4. GATE 2003
The diffusion coefficient, in m2/s of Acetic acid in Benzene (liquid in liquid) is

a. 2.09 * 102
b. 2.09 * 10-5
c. 2.09 * 10-9
d. 2.09 * 10-12

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4. GATE 2003
The diffusion coefficient, in m2/s of Acetic acid in Benzene (liquid in liquid) is

a. 2.09 * 102
b. 2.09 * 10-5
c. 2.09 * 10-9
d. 2.09 * 10-12

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5. GATE 2003
Component A is diffusing in a medium B. The flux NA relative to a stationary point
is equal to the flux due to molecular diffusion if

a. Diffusion of A is in stagnant medium B

b. Mass transfer is accompanied by reaction
c. Molecular mean free path is high
d. There is equimolar counter diffusion

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5. GATE 2003
Component A is diffusing in a medium B. The flux NA relative to a stationary point
is equal to the flux due to molecular diffusion if

a. Diffusion of A is in stagnant medium B

b. Mass transfer is accompanied by reaction
c. Molecular mean free path is high
d. There is equimolar counter diffusion

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6. GATE 2003
Experiments were conducted to determine the flux of a species A in a stagnant
medium across a gas-liquid interface. The overall mass transfer coefficient based
on the liquid side for dilute systems for the above was estimated to be 4x10-3
kmol/m2s. The equilibrium data for the system is given as y = 2x The flux across
the interface (in kg mol/m2s) for bulk concentrations of A in gas phase and liquid
phase as y = 0.4 and x = 0.01, respectively is

a. 5.6 * 10-4
b. 7.6 * 10-4
c. 5.6 * 10-3
d. 7.6 * 10-3
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6. GATE 2003
Experiments were conducted to determine the flux of a species A in a stagnant
medium across a gas-liquid interface. The overall mass transfer coefficient based
on the liquid side for dilute systems for the above was estimated to be 4x10-3
kmol/m2s. The equilibrium data for the system is given as y = 2x The flux across
the interface (in kg mol/m2s) for bulk concentrations of A in gas phase and liquid
phase as y = 0.4 and x = 0.01, respectively is

a. 5.6 * 10-4
b. 7.6 * 10-4
c. 5.6 * 10-3
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7. GATE 2004
Pure aniline is evaporating through a stagnant air film of 1mm thickness at 300k
and a total pressure of 100kpa. The vapor pressure of aniline at 300 K is 0.1 kpa.
The total molar concentration under these conditions is 40.1 mol/[Link]
diffusuivity of aniline in air is 0.74 x 10-5 m2/s. The numerical value of the mass
transfer coefficient is 7.4 x 10-3. Its units are

a. m/s
b. mol/(m2s Pa)
c. cm/s
d. kmol/(m2s Pa)
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7. GATE 2004
Pure aniline is evaporating through a stagnant air film of 1mm thickness at 300k
and a total pressure of 100kpa. The vapor pressure of aniline at 300 K is 0.1 kpa.
The total molar concentration under these conditions is 40.1 mol/[Link]
diffusuivity of aniline in air is 0.74 x 10-5 m2/s. The numerical value of the mass
transfer coefficient is 7.4 x 10-3. Its units are

a. m/s
b. mol/(m2s Pa)
c. cm/s
d. kmol/(m2s Pa)
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8. GATE 2004
The rate of evaporation of aniline is 2.97 x 10–4. Its units are

a. mol/s
b. mol/(cm2s)
c. mol/(m2s)
d. kmol/(m2s)

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8. GATE 2004
The rate of evaporation of aniline is 2.97 x 10–4. Its units are

a. mol/s
b. mol/(cm2s)
c. mol/(m2s)
d. kmol/(m2s)

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9. GATE 2004
A long cylinder and a sphere both of 5 cm diameter are made from the same
porous material. The flat ends of cylinder are sealed. Both the cylinder and sphere
are saturated with the same solution of sodium chloride. Later, both the objects
are immersed for a short and equal interval of time in a large tank of water, which
is well agitated. The fractions of salt remaining in the cylinder and the sphere are
Xc and Xs, respectively. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Xc > Xs
b. Xc = Xs
c. Xc < Xs
d. Xc is greater than/less than Xs depending on the length of the cylinder

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9. GATE 2004
A long cylinder and a sphere both of 5 cm diameter are made from the same
porous material. The flat ends of cylinder are sealed. Both the cylinder and sphere
are saturated with the same solution of sodium chloride. Later, both the objects
are immersed for a short and equal interval of time in a large tank of water, which
is well agitated. The fractions of salt remaining in the cylinder and the sphere are
Xc and Xs, respectively. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Xc > Xs
b. Xc = Xs
c. Xc < Xs
d. Xc is greater than/less than Xs depending on the length of the cylinder

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10. GATE 2005

The ratio of the diffusion coefficient in a gas to that in a liquid is of the order of

a. 105
b. 10-5
c. 10-2
d. 102

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10. GATE 2005

The ratio of the diffusion coefficient in a gas to that in a liquid is of the order of

a. 105
b. 10-5
c. 10-2
d. 102

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11. GATE 2005

Two solid discs of benzoic acid (molecular weight = 122) of equal dimensions are
spinning separately in large volumes of water and air at 300 K. The mass transfer
coefficients for benzoic acid in water and air are 0.9 x 10-5 and 0.47 x 10-2 m/s
respectively. The solubility of benzoic acid in water is 3 kg/m3 and the equilibrium
vapor pressure of benzoic acid in air is 0.04 kPa. Then the disc

a. Dissolves faster in air than in water

b. Dissolves faster in water than in air
c. Dissolves at the same rate in both air and water
d. Does not dissolve either in water or in air
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11. GATE 2005

Two solid discs of benzoic acid (molecular weight = 122) of equal dimensions are
spinning separately in large volumes of water and air at 300 K. The mass transfer
coefficients for benzoic acid in water and air are 0.9 x 10-5 and 0.47 x 10-2 m/s
respectively. The solubility of benzoic acid in water is 3 kg/m3 and the equilibrium
vapor pressure of benzoic acid in air is 0.04 kPa. Then the disc

a. Dissolves faster in air than in water

b. Dissolves faster in water than in air
c. Dissolves at the same rate in both air and water
d. Does not dissolve either in water or in air
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12. GATE 2005

Match the variation of mass transfer coefficient given by the theory in Group I with
the appropriate variation in Group II(
Group I Group II A) P – 1, Q – 2, R – 3
P. Film theory 1. ⍺ DAB
B) P – 2, Q – 1, R – 3
Q. Penetration theory 2. ⍺ DAB2/3
C) P – 1, Q – 3, R – 2
R. Boundary layer theory 3. ⍺ DAB1/2
D) P – 3, Q – 2, R – 1

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12. GATE 2005

Match the variation of mass transfer coefficient given by the theory in Group I with
the appropriate variation in Group II(
Group I Group II A) P – 1, Q – 2, R – 3
P. Film theory 1. ⍺ DAB
B) P – 2, Q – 1, R – 3
Q. Penetration theory 2. ⍺ DAB2/3
C) P – 1, Q – 3, R – 2
R. Boundary layer theory 3. ⍺ DAB1/2
D) P – 3, Q – 2, R – 1

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13. GATE 2008

Air concentrated with solute P is brought in contact with water. At steady state, the
bulk concentrations of P in air and water are 0.3 and 0.02 respectively. The
equilibrium equation relating the interface compositions is yP,i = 0.25 xP,i. Assume
that the mass transfer coefficients FG and FL are identical. The gas phase mole
fraction of P at the interface (yP,i) is

a. 0.063
b. 0.075
c. 0.16
d. 0.3
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13. GATE 2008

Air concentrated with solute P is brought in contact with water. At steady state, the
bulk concentrations of P in air and water are 0.3 and 0.02 respectively. The
equilibrium equation relating the interface compositions is yP,i = 0.25 xP,i. Assume
that the mass transfer coefficients FG and FL are identical. The gas phase mole
fraction of P at the interface (yP,i) is

a. 0.063
b. 0.075
c. 0.16
d. 0.3
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14. GATE 2009

According to the penetration theory of mass transfer, the mass transfer coefficient
(k) varies with diffusion coefficient (D) of the diffusing species as

a. D
b. D-½
c. D1/2
d. D3/2

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14. GATE 2009

According to the penetration theory of mass transfer, the mass transfer coefficient
(k) varies with diffusion coefficient (D) of the diffusing species as

a. D
b. D-½
c. D1/2
d. D3/2

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15. GATE 2009

Species A is diffusing at steady state from the surface of a sphere (radius = 1 cm)
into a stagnant fluid. If the diffusive flux at a distance r = 3 cm from the center of
the sphere is 27 mol/cm2s, the diffusive flux (in mol/cm2s) at a distance r = 9 cm is

a. 1
b. 3
c. 9
d. 27

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15. GATE 2009

Species A is diffusing at steady state from the surface of a sphere (radius = 1 cm)
into a stagnant fluid. If the diffusive flux at a distance r = 3 cm from the center of
the sphere is 27 mol/cm2s, the diffusive flux (in mol/cm2s) at a distance r = 9 cm is

a. 1
b. 3
c. 9
d. 27

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16. GATE 2011

Ammonia (component 1) is evaporating from a partially filled bottle into
surrounding air (component 2). The liquid level in the bottle and the concentration
of ammonia at the top of the bottle are maintained constant. Ni is the molar flux
relative to a fixed location in space and Ji, is the molar flux with respect to the
average molar velocity of the constituent species in the gas phase. Assume that
air in the bottle is stagnant. Which ONE of the following is CORRECT?

a. N1 = constant, N2 = 0, J1+J2=0
b. N1 + N2 = 0, J1 + J2 = 0
c. N1 + N2 = 0, J1 = const, J2 = 0
d. N1 = const, N2 = 0, J1 = const, J2 = 0
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16. GATE 2011

Ammonia (component 1) is evaporating from a partially filled bottle into
surrounding air (component 2). The liquid level in the bottle and the concentration
of ammonia at the top of the bottle are maintained constant. Ni is the molar flux
relative to a fixed location in space and Ji, is the molar flux with respect to the
average molar velocity of the constituent species in the gas phase. Assume that
air in the bottle is stagnant. Which ONE of the following is CORRECT?

a. N1 = constant, N2 = 0, J1+J2=0
b. N1 + N2 = 0, J1 + J2 = 0
c. N1 + N2 = 0, J1 = const, J2 = 0
d. N1 = const, N2 = 0, J1 = const, J2 = 0
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17. GATE 2012

For which of the following combinations, does the absorption operation become gas film
controlled?

● P. The solubility of gas in the liquid is very high

● Q. The solubility of gas in the liquid is very low
● R. The liquid – side mass transfer coefficient is much higher than the gas-side mass Transfer
Coefficient
● S. The liquid –side mass transfer coefficient is much lower than the gas-side mass Transfer
coefficient
a. P&Q
b. P&R
c. P&S
d. Q&R
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17. GATE 2012

For which of the following combinations, does the absorption operation become gas film
controlled?

● P. The solubility of gas in the liquid is very high

● Q. The solubility of gas in the liquid is very low
● R. The liquid – side mass transfer coefficient is much higher than the gas-side mass Transfer
Coefficient
● S. The liquid –side mass transfer coefficient is much lower than the gas-side mass Transfer
coefficient
a. P&Q
b. P&R
c. P&S
d. Q&R
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18. GATE 2013

A study was conducted in which water was pumped through cylindrical pipes
made of a sparingly soluble solid. For a given pipe and certain flow conditions, the
mass transfer coefficient kc has been calculated as 1 mm/s using the correlation

Sh = 0.025 Re0.6 Sc0.33

If the velocity of the fluid and the diameter of the pipe are both doubled, what is
the new value of kc in mm/s, up to 2 digits after the decimal point?

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18. GATE 2013

A study was conducted in which water was pumped through cylindrical pipes
made of a sparingly soluble solid. For a given pipe and certain flow conditions, the
mass transfer coefficient kc has been calculated as 1 mm/s using the correlation

Sh = 0.025 Re0.6 Sc0.33

If the velocity of the fluid and the diameter of the pipe are both doubled, what is
the new value of kc in mm/s, up to 2 digits after the decimal point?

1.15

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19. GATE 2014

A spherical storage vessel is quarter– filled with toluene. The diameter of the vent
at the top of the vessel is 1/20th of the diameter of the vessel. Under the steady
state condition, the diffusive flux of toluene is maximum at

a. the surface of the liquid

b. the mid-plane of the vessel
c. the vent
d. a distance 20 times the diameter of the vent away from the vent

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19. GATE 2014

A spherical storage vessel is quarter– filled with toluene. The diameter of the vent
at the top of the vessel is 1/20th of the diameter of the vessel. Under the steady
state condition, the diffusive flux of toluene is maximum at

a. the surface of the liquid

b. the mid plane of the vessel
c. the vent
d. a distance 20 times the diameter of the vent away from the vent

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20. GATE 2014

Assuming the mass transfer coefficients in the gas and the liquid phases are
comparable, the absorption of CO2 from reformer gas (CO2+H2) into an aqueous
solution of diethanolamine is controlled by

a. gas phase resistance

b. liquid phase resistance
c. both gas and liquid phase resistances
d. composition of the reformer gas

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20. GATE 2014

Assuming the mass transfer coefficients in the gas and the liquid phases are
comparable, the absorption of CO2 from reformer gas (CO2+H2) into an aqueous
solution of diethanolamine is controlled by

a. gas phase resistance

b. liquid phase resistance
c. both gas and liquid phase resistances
d. composition of the reformer gas

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21. GATE 2014

Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT for the surface renewal
theory?

a. Mass transfer takes place at steady state

b. Mass transfer takes place at unsteady state
c. Contact time is same for all the liquid elements
d. Mass transfer depends only on the film resistance

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21. GATE 2014

Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT for the surface renewal
theory?

a. Mass transfer takes place at steady state

b. Mass transfer takes place at unsteady state
c. Contact time is same for all the liquid elements
d. Mass transfer depends only on the film resistance

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22. GATE 2014

A spherical ball of benzoic acid (diameter = 1.5 cm) is submerged in a pool of still
water. The solubility and diffusivity of benzoic acid in water are 0.03 kmol/m3 and
1.25 x 10-9 m2/s respectively. Sherwood number is given as

Sh = 2.0 + 0.6 Re0.5 Sc0.33.

The initial rate of dissolution (in kmol/s) of benzoic acid approximately is

a. 3.54 × 10− 11
b. 3.54 × 10− 12
c. 3.54 × 10− 13
d. 3.54 × 10− 14
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22. GATE 2014

A spherical ball of benzoic acid (diameter = 1.5 cm) is submerged in a pool of still
water. The solubility and diffusivity of benzoic acid in water are 0.03 kmol/m3 and
1.25 x 10-9 m2/s respectively. Sherwood number is given as

Sh = 2.0 + 0.6 Re0.5 Sc0.33.

The initial rate of dissolution (in kmol/s) of benzoic acid approximately is

a. 3.54 × 10− 11
b. 3.54 × 10− 12
c. 3.54 × 10− 13
d. 3.54 × 10− 14
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23. GATE 2015

A spherical naphthalene ball of 2 mm diameter is subliming very slowly in stagnant
air at 25 OC. The change in the size of the ball during the sublimation can be
neglected. The diffusivity of naphthalene in air at 25 OC is 1.1×10-6 m2/s. The
value of mass transfer coefficient is B × 10-3 m/s, where B (up to one decimal
place) is __.

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23. GATE 2015

A spherical naphthalene ball of 2 mm diameter is subliming very slowly in stagnant
air at 25 OC. The change in the size of the ball during the sublimation can be
neglected. The diffusivity of naphthalene in air at 25 OC is 1.1×10-6 m2/s. The
value of mass transfer coefficient is B × 10-3 m/s, where B (up to one decimal
place) is 1.1.

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24. GATE 2015

For a binary mixture of components A and B, NA and NB denote the total molar
fluxes of components A and B, respectively. JA and JB are the corresponding
molar diffusive fluxes. Which of the following is true for equimolar counter diffusion
in the binary mixture?

a. NA + NB = 0 and JA + JB ≠ 0
b. NA + NB ≠ 0 and JA + JB = 0
c. NA + NB ≠ 0 and JA + JB ≠ 0
d. NA + NB = 0 and JA + JB = 0

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24. GATE 2015

For a binary mixture of components A and B, NA and NB denote the total molar
fluxes of components A and B, respectively. JA and JB are the corresponding
molar diffusive fluxes. Which of the following is true for equimolar counter diffusion
in the binary mixture?

a. NA + NB = 0 and JA + JB ≠ 0
b. NA + NB ≠ 0 and JA + JB = 0
c. NA + NB ≠ 0 and JA + JB ≠ 0
d. NA + NB = 0 and JA + JB = 0

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25. GATE 2015

Consider a steady state mass transfer process between well-mixed liquid and
vapour phases of a binary mixture comprising of components A and B. The mole
fractions of component A in the bulk liquid (xA) and bulk vapour (yA) phases are
0.36 and 0.16, respectively. The mass transfer coefficients for component A in
liquid and vapour phases are 0.1 mol/(m2s) and 0.05 mol/(m2s), respectively. The
vapour-liquid equilibrium can be approximated as yA* = 2xA, for xA less than 0.4.
The mole fraction of A in the liquid at the interface (up to two decimal places) is
____.

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25. GATE 2015

Consider a steady state mass transfer process between well-mixed liquid and
vapour phases of a binary mixture comprising of components A and B. The mole
fractions of component A in the bulk liquid (xA) and bulk vapour (yA) phases are
0.36 and 0.16, respectively. The mass transfer coefficients for component A in
liquid and vapour phases are 0.1 mol/(m2s) and 0.05 mol/(m2s), respectively. The
vapour-liquid equilibrium can be approximated as yA* = 2xA, for xA less than 0.4.
The mole fraction of A in the liquid at the interface (up to two decimal places) is
0.22.

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26. GATE 2016

Consider the following two cases for a binary mixture of ideal gases A and B
under steady state conditions. In Case 1, the diffusion of A occurs through non-
diffusing B. In Case 2, equimolal counter diffusion of A and B occurs. In both the
cases, the total pressure is 100 kPa and the partial pressures of A at two points
separated by a distance of 10 mm are 10 kPa and 5 kPa. Assume that the Fick’s
first law of diffusion is applicable. What is the ratio of molar flux of A in Case 1 to
that in Case 2?

a. 0.58
b. 1.08
c. 1.58
d. 2.18
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26. GATE 2016

Consider the following two cases for a binary mixture of ideal gases A and B
under steady state conditions. In Case 1, the diffusion of A occurs through non-
diffusing B. In Case 2, equimolal counter diffusion of A and B occurs. In both the
cases, the total pressure is 100 kPa and the partial pressures of A at two points
separated by a distance of 10 mm are 10 kPa and 5 kPa. Assume that the Fick’s
first law of diffusion is applicable. What is the ratio of molar flux of A in Case 1 to
that in Case 2?

a. 0.58
b. 1.08
c. 1.58
d. 2.18
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27. GATE 2017

Consider steady state mass transfer of a solute A form a gas phase to a liquid
phase. The gas phase bulk and interface mole fractions are yA.G and yA.i
respectively. The liquid phase bulk and interface mole fraction are xA.L and xA,i
respectively. The ratio (xA,i-xA.L)/(yA,G-yA,i) is very close to zero The implies that
mass transfer resistance is

a. Negligible in the gas phase only

b. Negligible in the liquid phase only
c. Negligible in both the phase
d. Considerable in both the phase
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27. GATE 2017

Consider steady state mass transfer of a solute A form a gas phase to a liquid
phase. The gas phase bulk and interface mole fractions are yA.G and yA.i
respectively. The liquid phase bulk and interface mole fraction are xA.L and xA,i
respectively. The ratio (xA,i-xA.L)/(yA,G-yA,i) is very close to zero The implies that
mass transfer resistance is

a. Negligible in the gas phase only

b. Negligible in the liquid phase only
c. Negligible in both the phase
d. Considerable in both the phase
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28. GATE 2017

The sherwood number (ShL) correlation for laminar flow over a flat plate of length L is
given by ShL = 0.664 ReL0.5 Sc1/3

Where ReL and Sc represent Reynolds number and Schmidt number, respectively.
This correlation, expressed in the form of Chilton – Colburn factor jD is

a. jD = 0.664

b. jD = 0.664ReL-0.5

c. jD = 0.664 ReL

d. jD = 0.664 ReL0.5 Sc2/3

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28. GATE 2017

The sherwood number (ShL) correlation for laminar flow over a flat plate of length L is
given by ShL = 0.664 ReL0.5 Sc1/3

Where ReL and Sc represent Reynolds number and Schmidt number, respectively.
This correlation, expressed in the form of Chilton – Colburn factor jD is

a. jD = 0.664

b. jD = 0.664ReL-0.5

c. jD = 0.664 ReL

d. jD = 0.664 ReL0.5 Sc2/3

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29. GATE 2018

According to the surface renewal theory, the unit of fractional rate of surface
renewal is

a. m2s-2
b. m2s-1
c. ms-1
d. s-1

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29. GATE 2018

According to the surface renewal theory, the unit of fractional rate of surface
renewal is

a. m2s-2
b. m2s-1
c. ms-1
d. s-1

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30. GATE 2019

The correct expression for the colburn jfactor for mass transfer that relates
Sherwood number (Sh). Reynolds number (Re) and Schmidt number (Sc) is

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30. GATE 2019

The correct expression for the colburn jfactor for mass transfer that relates
Sherwood number (Sh). Reynolds number (Re) and Schmidt number (Sc) is

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THANK YOU!

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