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Passband Data Transmission Analysis

1. A binary FSK system transmitting at 2.5x106 bits/s in white Gaussian noise with power spectral density of 10-20 W/Hz will have an average probability of symbol error of 0.85x10-3. 2. The transmission bandwidth reduction of 256-QAM compared to 64-QAM is 1/4. 3. A 16-PSK system requires an Eb/No of 17.6 dB for a symbol error probability of 10-3, while a 16-QAM system only needs an Eb/No of 21.5 dB, which is 3.9 dB less than the 16-PSK system.

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28 views4 pages

Passband Data Transmission Analysis

1. A binary FSK system transmitting at 2.5x106 bits/s in white Gaussian noise with power spectral density of 10-20 W/Hz will have an average probability of symbol error of 0.85x10-3. 2. The transmission bandwidth reduction of 256-QAM compared to 64-QAM is 1/4. 3. A 16-PSK system requires an Eb/No of 17.6 dB for a symbol error probability of 10-3, while a 16-QAM system only needs an Eb/No of 21.5 dB, which is 3.9 dB less than the 16-PSK system.

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Alango Jr Tz
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© All Rights Reserved
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Passband Data Transmission

FSK
1. A coherent binary FSK system transmits binary data at the rate of 2.5x106 bits per
second. During the course of transmission, white Gaussian noise of zero mean and
power spectral density 10-20 W/Hz is added to the signal. In the absence of noise, the
amplitude of the received sinusoidal wave for digit 1 or 0 is 1mV. Determine the
average probability of symbol error.
2
e−x
Given: erfc( x) ≈ for large x
πx
QAM
2. Determine the transmission bandwidth reduction of 256-QAM, compared to 64-
QAM. (The transmission bandwidth is defined as the null-to-null bandwidth)
3. Two passband data transmission systems are to be compared. One system uses 16-
PSK, and the other uses 16-QAM. Both systems are required to produce an average
probability of symbol error equal to 10-3. Compare the signal-to-noise ratio
requirement of these two systems.

Comparison of Digital Modulation Schemes


4. Binary data are transmitted over a microwave link at the rate of 106 b/s, and the
power spectral density of the noise at the receiver input is 10-10 W/Hz. Find the
average carrier power required to maintain an average probability of error Pe ≤ 10 −4
for (a) coherent binary PSK and (b) DPSK
1 − Eb / N o
Geven: The average BER for DPSK is e
2

5. The values of Eb / N o required to realize an average probability of symbol error


Pe = 10 −4 using coherent binary PSK is 7.2. Using the approximation
1
erfc(u ) = exp(−u 2 )
πu
determine the separation in the values of Eb / N o for Pe = 10 −4 , using coherent
binary PSK and DPSK

1
10
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

2
Solution:

1. Tb = 1 / 2.5 × 10 6 = 0.4µs

Eb =
1 2
2
1
2
( 2
)
Ac Tb = 10 −3 0.4 × 10 −6 = 2 × 10 −13 J

Pe =
1
2
( )1
( )
erfc Eb / 2 N o = erfc 2 × 10 −13 / 2 × 10 − 20 = ... = 0.85 × 10 −3
2

2. The transmission bandwidth of M-ary QAM signal is


2 Rb
.
log 2 M
Thus the bandwidth reduction is
2 Rb 2 Rb R R R
B64 − B256 = − = b − b = b
log 2 64 log 2 256 4 8 8

3. The probability of symbol error of M-ary QAM is given by

 1   3E av 
Pe = 21 −  erfc 

 M  2( M − 1) N o 
E av
Setting Pe = 10 −3 and M=16, we get = 58 = 17.6dB .
No

The probability of symbol error of M-ary PSK is given by


 E 
Pe = erfc sin(π / M )  .
 No 
E
Setting Pe = 10 −3 and M=16, we get = 142 = 21.5dB .
No
Hence, on the average, the 16-PSK demands 21.5 -17.6 = 3,9 dB more symbol energy
than the 16-QAM for Pe = 10 −3 .

3
4. For Pe = 10 −4 , the Eb / N o of the binary PSK system is 7.0. Hence E b = 3.5 × 10 −10 . The
required average carrier power is 0.35 mW.
For Pe = 10 −4 , the Eb / N o of the DPSK system is 8.5. Hence Eb = 4.3 × 10 −10 . The required
average carrier power is 0.43 mW.

5. For a coherent PSK system, the average probability of error is

Pe =
1
2
erfc[ (E b / N o )1 ]
For a DPSK system, we have
1
Pe = exp[−(Eb / N o )2 ]
2
For Pe = 10 −4 , (Eb / N o )1 = 7.2 =8.6 dB and (Eb / N o )2 = 8.5 = 9.3 dB. The separation is 0.7
dB.

Common questions

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For coherent binary PSK, to achieve an average probability of error Pe of 4 x 10^-4, the required carrier power is 0.35 mW, with Eb/No = 7.0. For DPSK, with the same Pe, the required carrier power is 0.43 mW, with Eb/No = 8.5, indicating that DPSK requires higher power for a similar error rate performance .

Increasing the modulation order from 16 to 256 in QAM enhances bandwidth efficiency as the bandwidth decreases proportional to the logarithm of the modulation order, offering higher data rates within the same bandwidth. However, it also increases the error probability because of decreased symbol separation, demanding higher SNR to maintain the same error performance .

To achieve an average probability of symbol error of 10^-3, the 16-PSK system requires an SNR of 21.5 dB, while the 16-QAM system requires an SNR of 17.6 dB. Therefore, 16-PSK demands 3.9 dB more than 16-QAM .

The probability of symbol error inversely depends on the signal-to-noise ratio; higher SNR leads to lower error probability. Different modulation schemes like PSK and QAM have distinct SNR vs. error probability trade-offs, affecting their power and bandwidth efficiencies. For instance, QAM exhibits better power efficiency than PSK, demanding less SNR for the same error probability .

Modulation schemes like QAM prioritize bandwidth efficiency by packing more bits per symbol, requiring less bandwidth for the same data rate but at an increased power cost. PSK, while less bandwidth-efficient, offers better power efficiency at lower SNRs. Balancing these efficiencies is vital, depending on system requirements for bandwidth or power constraints .

The probability of symbol error in M-ary QAM is calculated using P_e = 2 * (1 - 1/sqrt(M)) * erfc(sqrt(3*log2(M)*Es / ((M-1)*No))). For M-ary PSK, P_e is determined by P_e = erfc(sqrt(Eb/No) * sin(pi/M)). These models impact system design by defining the required SNR for different modulation orders and thus influence the trade-offs between error probability and bandwidth efficiency .

White Gaussian noise degrades the performance of binary FSK systems by increasing the error probability. As the noise power spectral density increases, the probability of symbol error also rises due to the reduced robustness against noise, requiring improvements in SNR to compensate for the noise impact .

For a probability of symbol error rate of 4 x 10^-4, the required Eb/No for coherent binary PSK is 7.2, while for DPSK, it is 8.5. The separation between the two values is 0.7 dB, with DPSK requiring more Eb/No to achieve the same error probability .

The transmission bandwidth of an M-ary QAM signal can be calculated using the formula BW = Rb * (log2(M)). For 256-QAM and 64-QAM, the bandwidths are Rb/4 and Rb/3, respectively. The percentage reduction in bandwidth when moving from 64-QAM to 256-QAM is calculated as ((Rb/3 - Rb/4) / (Rb/3)) * 100 = 25% reduction .

The Q-function is commonly approximated for high SNR regions using Q(x) ≈ (e^(-x^2/2))/(x*sqrt(2*pi)), enabling efficient computation of symbol error rates. This approximation is crucial for assessing system performance in high SNR scenarios, providing simplified yet accurate predictions for error probabilities in binary PSK and QAM systems .

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