PAPER - II

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

1. The American Senate is like "the saucer in which the boiling tea of the House is cooled".
Elucidate and make a comparison with the Senate of Pakistan under the 1973
Constitution. (2000)

2. Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely’. Through what mechanism this
has been prevented in the American Constitution? (2001)

3. The most prominent feature of American Political System is its mechanism of “Checks
and Balances”. Discuss its functioning. (2002)

4. Examine critically the power of the President in the US Constitution. (2003)

5. Write down the election of the American President. (2004)

6. Examine the role of Supreme Court in the evolution of the American Constitution. (2005)

7. How system of check and Balances works in American government? Explain its
functioning. (2006)

8. Analyze the place of President occupies in the U.S political system today. Account for his
supremacy in the Government. (2007)

9. How was [Link] elected as president of U.S.A in 2004? Explain the role of the
U.S President as executive head of the state. (2008)

10. Discuss in detail the legislative the legislative powers of the USA President. (2012)

11. Discuss the powers of senate of usa. Also analyse (2012)

12. What is judicial review? Discus its impact on usa decision making process. (2012)

13. American Senate is "the saucer in which the boiling tea of the House is
cooled".Elucidate.(2013)

14. Discuss the powers and functions of US Senate. Also explain the concept of Senatorial
Courtesy.(2014)

15. Short Note - Gerrymandering (2014)

16. The American Senate today is the most powerful legislative body in the world. Explain. 2015

17. The Senate of the USA is the most powerful Upper House in the world. Can you justify this
statement? Explain your answer with reference to the Upper Houses of India and Pakistan. 2016
18. To what extent is it true that the President of the United States is more powerful than the Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom (UK)? Justify your answer with comparative analysis. 2017

19. Compare and Contest the powers of Indian President with the American president. 2018

20. How the system of Checks and Balances works in the US political system? Explain with examples.
2019.

21. .how does the system of checks and balances work in the us political system?
explain with examples. 2021.

UNITED KINGDOM
1. The British Prime Minister is the "shining moon among the stars". Discuss. (2000)

2. Magna Carta. (2000)

3. The Cabinet is the "steering wheel of the ship of the state. It sets the direction of national
policy in U.K." Examine. (2000)

4. Ministerial Responsibility is the cardinal principle of British democracy. Elaborate. (2001)

5. Do you agree that British Political System is known for the cabinet’s dictatorship? Give
your arguments for or against this idea. (2002)

6. Do you agree in cabinets dictatorship in UK has undermined the supremacy of the

parliament? Explain. (2006)

7. Examine the fundamental Principles of British Constitution. Also discuss the nature,
Powers and functions of the British Cabinet. (2005)

8. Discuss the position and powers of the British Prime Minister. How does
9. He compare with the American president? (2007)

10. Do you agree that sovereignty of the parliament is the dominant characteristic of British
Political System? Explain in detail the role of British parliament. (2008)

11. Explain how the British democracy is overshadowed by the cabinet dictatorship? (2010)

12. What are the principals on which British Cabinet is organized and functions. Also
mention four occasions of Cabinet change (2011)

13. Explain why kingship is not abolished in England?(2013)

[Link] the evolution of British Monarchy with focus on gradual transfer of powers from
the Monarch to the Prime Minister. (2014).

15. “The British P.M. is a shining moon among stars”. In the light of this statement discuss carefully the
position and powers of English Prime Minister. 2015.
16. what extent is it true that the President of the United States is more powerful than the Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom (UK)? Justify your answer with comparative analysis 2016.

17 Under the unitary state system, how does the local government system work in
the UK? 2021

FRANCE
1. Analyze the powers of the French President. (2001)

2. French System of Government is a model of highly centralized political system.

Discuss. (2002)

3. The French politics is not as liberal as the Frenchmen claim. Discuss it in the light of the
working of the French Political System. (2004)

4. Discuss the Powers of the President of France under the Fifth Republic. (2005)

5. Describe the main features of the French political system. (2007)

6. Describe the salient features of the judicial system in France. How it differs from that of
Britain? (2008)

7. How local government functions in France? Discuss. (2009)

8. How is the French President elected? Give an objective analysis of the power enjoyed by
the President. (2010)

9. Enumerate the reason for downfall of Fourth French Republic and discuss salient features
of 1958 Constitution. (2011)

10. Discuss the executive/ powers of the french president in detail. (2012)

[Link] the role of political parties in the post 1958 political system of France.(2014)

12. Discuss the salient features of the judicial system in France. How does it differ from that of the
Britain and Pakistan? 2016

13. Write the Composition, Powers and Position of the French National Assembly. 2017

14. How the party system in France is different to that in Germany? Discuss in detail. 2019

SOVIET UNION
1. Examine the principle of Democratic centralism in the Soviet Union. (2001)

2. Examine critically the factors leading to the disintegration of Soviet Union. (2003)

3. What is Supreme Soviet? Discuss its powers and functions. (2009)

4. Examine the Powers of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of USSR. (2013)

5. Critically analyze the nature of federation in former USSR.(2014)

6. What is Supreme Soviet? Discuss its powers and functions.

PAKISTAN
1. Eighth Amendment. (2000)

2. Discuss the’ achievements of the Quaid-e-Azam for the establishment of Pakistan.

(2000)

3. Critically examine the Federal provisions of the Constitution of Pakistan. (2001)

4. Discuss evolution of Federalism in Pakistan with reference to its constitutional and

political development from 1956 to date. (2002)

5. Examine the role of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Iqbal in promoting the growth of Muslim
nationalism in India. (2003)

6. Ayub Khan’s 1962 constitution was highly centralized and therefore ultimately responsible
for creating political turmoil in the country. Discuss. (2003)

7. What are the major factors in your opinion responsible for the success of democracy in
India and failure in Pakistan? (2003)

8. Write down variables by which political culture has not developed in Pakistan. (2004)

9. Fourteen points of Quaid e Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah (2005)

10. Discuss the problems presently being faced to the federation of Pakistan? (2006)

11. Make a survey of the role of Judiciary in Pakistan as the Guardian of the
Constitution. (2007)

12. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allam Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah were
forced by historical events to shift from their view of Hindu-Muslim Unity to Muslim
Nationalism. Elaborate (2008)

13. Role played by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in the rise of Muslim Nationalism in the sub-
continent. (2009)

14. Compare and critically examine the following under 1956, 1962, and 1973 (Reinstated
in 1985 with amendments) constitutions of Pakistan: (2009)

15. Role of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as a reformer (2010)

16. Explain the factors that transformed Jinnah, the ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity, into
the Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah of the Muslims. (2010)
17. “In spite of the provisions of provincial autonomy in the 1973 constitution there are
Anti-Centre feelings in the federating units.” Discuss this statement with special reference to
Balochistan and Sindh. (2010)

[Link] responsible for evolution of Two Nation Theory. (2011)

19. Short Note -Supreme court of Pakistan (2012)

20. Discuss 18th amendment of [Link] u find the principle of social justice in this
Amendment? (2012)

21. Discuss the Role of Quaid-i-Azam in creation of Pakistan. (2013)

[Link] comparative analysis of the Islamic provisions of 1956, 1962 and 1973
Constitutions of Pakistan. (2013)

23. How Iqbal's wisdom helped in shaping the intellectual foundations of Pakistan? (2014)

24. Discuss the role of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in rise of Muslim Nationalism in Sub-continent. 2015

25. (A) Reasons for the failure of 1956 Constitution. 2015 short note
(b) Islamic Provisions of 1973 Constitution of Pakistan. 2015
26. What are the issues and problems of federation in Pakistan? Discuss with reference to the US
federation. 2016

27 What are the political and administrative implications of the Eighteenth amendment to the 1973
Constitution of Pakistan? 2016

28 Explain the rise of Muslim nationalism in South Asia. What were its implications for the nationalist
politics of Indian National Congress? 2016

29. Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah were the genuine leaders who
led the Muslim Nation towards success through their socio-political visions in South Asia. Discuss their
community services rendered for the Muslims of the subcontinent. 2017

30. Discuss the Major issues during the constitutional making process in Pakistan in 1956, 1962 and
1973. 2017

31. How far do you agree that the Political Parties and Interest Groups have established and demolished
the political system of Pakistan? Critically analyze. 2017

32. Foreign policy making process in Pakistan. 2017

33. Do you agree that Pakistan was achieved by “Jinnah” through the “constitutional democratic
process for the sake of constitutional democracy”? 2018

34. Logically prove that 18th amendment of 1973 Constitution is considered to be the new social
contract for provincial autonomy among the Pakistani political parties. 2018
35. Examine the importance of national interest for “peace and security” with special reference to
geostrategic position for economic opportunities of Pakistan in the 21st century. 2018

36. Iqbal is credited with creating the idea of Pakistan. Give your arguments. 2019

37. What factors contributed to the delay of constitution making process in the early years of Pakistan?
Discuss in detail. 2019.

38. What are the major obstacles to the process of national integration in contemporary Pakistan?
Suggest remedies for success of the process. 2019

39. Write down the major determinants of the foreign policy of Pakistan. 2019.

40. Make a comparative analysis of the Constitution of 1956 and amended Constitution of Pakistan
1973? 2020

41. Discuss the major issues of the constitutional making process in pakistan in
1956, 1962, 1973. 2021

42. What are the major obstacles to the process of national integration in
contemporary pakistan? Suggest remedies for success of the process. 2021

43. Write down the major determinants of the foreign policy of pakistan. 2021.

CHINA

1. Communist Party of China. (2000)

2. Discuss the role of Communist Party in the Chinese politics. (2001)

3. Explain the Commune System of Peoples Republic of China. How it played role in Socio-
economic development of the country? (2002)

4. What are the main characteristics of the Chinese Political System? (2005)

5. Deng’s concept of “one country two systems” in China’s political system has succeeded in
achieving Chinese National objectives. Substantiate your answer. (2007)

6. Discuss the organization and the role of the communist part in the Chinese political
system. (2008)

7. Cadres scheme in Chinese political system. (2009)

8. Discuss the salient features of the constitution of the People’s Republic of China in
comparison with the constitution of former Soviet Union. (2010)

[Link] political Parties are organized in China? Discuss the organization and function of
Chinese Communist party? (2011)
10. Short Note - National People's Congress of China (2013)

[Link] Note - Impact of Deng Xiaoping's reforms on China (2014)

12. Discuss the salient features of Chinese Constitution (1982). 2015

13. 4. “A strong political system needs a very strong political economy.” Prove this statement by making
a comparative and analytical answer with reference to China and Malaysia. 2017

14. Discuss the powers and functions of China’s National People’s Congress? 2020

15. "a strong political system needs a very strong political economy. “Prove this
statement by making a comparative and analytical answer with reference to china
and Malaysia 2021.

IRAN
1. Islamic Revolution in Iran. (2000),(2001)

2. Do you agree that we can present Iran as an Ideal Islamic State of the modern
age (2002)

3. Examine the role of Islamic Consultative Assembly in shaping politics in Iran. (2004)

4. Do you agree that we can present Iran as an ideal Islamic state of the modern
age? (2005)

5. Explain the salient features of Iran's Political system? (2006)

6. Iranian Political System after the removal of the Shah of Iran (2010)

7. Basic Principles of Iranian Foreign Policy (2011)

8. Short Note- Role of "Leader" in the 1979 Constitution of Iran .(2013)

9. Short Note - Rahbar in Iran's Constitution. (2014)

10. Guardian Council of Iran. 2018

11.
INDIA
1. The President of India is "merely a figure head". Do you agree? Discuss. (2000)

2. Secularism in India. (2001)

3. Coalitional government has made Indian democracy fragile and crucial.

Substantiate. (2004)
4. The President of India is ‘merely a figure head’. How far do you agree? (2005)

5. Why Indian democracy is stronger than any other country of the region? Explain the
reason. (2006)

6. “The Indian Federation is rightly said to be a quasi-Federation having many elements of a

unitary state.” Discuss. (2007)

7. Explain the salient features of Indian political system. (2008)

8. “India is a Secular state” critically examine and comment. (2009)

9. The role of the President of India (2010)

10. Short Note -Lok Sabha (2012)

11. Short Note - "There is no such thing as Indian Secularism", Discuss.

(2013)
12. (b) “India is a Secular State”. Critically examine and comment. 2015

13.

TURKEY
1. Discuss the role of Army in the Political system of Turkey. (2000)

2. Mustafa Kamal’s political philosophy provides stability and ideological foundations to the
Turkish Political System. Discuss it. (2002)

3. Critically evaluate role of political parties in Turkey. (2004)

4. How secure is the future of democracy both in Iran and Turkey after the 9/11
incident? (2003)

5. Role of Ataturk in building up modern Turkey (2005)

6. Discuss ideological foundations of Political System of Turkish Republic? (2006)

7. Discuss SIX principles of kamalism as the basis of Turkish political system. (2007)

8. Analyze the role of Mustafa Kamal Ata-Turk as the first President of Turkish Republic with
special reference to "six principles of kamalism" to modernize turkey on western
pattern. (2008)

9. How political parties organize and function in accordance with Turkish constitution? Also
enlist five major parties with names of their founding fathers. (2009)

10. The predominance of the armed forces in the Turkish politics. (2010)

11. How Grand National Assembly in turkey is elected > Discus its Powers and
Functions. (2011)
[Link] the salient features of 1982 Constitution of Turkey.(2013)

13. Elaborate the secular aspect of Turkish Constitution and objectively analyze its impact
on Turkish society. (2014)

14. How Grand National Assembly of Turkey is elected? Discuss its powers and functions. 2015

15. Discuss the features of Turkish model of democracy keeping the distinguished position of the armed
forces in the Turkish politics. 2016

16. Critically analyze the role of military in the Turkish politics. 2019

17. Critically evaluate the role of Military in Turkish Politics? 2020

18. Discuss the features of Turkish model of democracy keeping the distinguished
position of the armed forces in Turkish politics 2021

COMPARE & CONTRAST

1. Examine the role of political parties both in UK and US in formulating public opinion on
major issues in foreign policy making. (2003)

2. Comparatively discuss the La\v-making process in the Parliament of Britain and Congress
of United States. (2004)

3. Discuss the characteristics of the American Political Party System. How it differs from the
Britain? (2006)

4. Discuss committee system in American congress and point out its demerits. Also compare
it with British committee system. (2009)

5. “The Senate of USA is the most powerful upper house in the world.” Do you agree with
the statement? Explain your answer with reference to the upper houses of India and
Pakistan. (2010)

MISCELLANEOUS

1. Impact on the region of latest US President’s visit to India (2011)

2. What is provincial autonomy? Discuss its importance in true federation. (2012)

SHORT NOTES
1-Fundamental rights (2012)
2-social justice (2012)