Physical Education

(Code No.048)

BLUE PRINT OF QUESTION PAPER AND EVALUATION GUIDELINES

Theory Max. Marks 70

Type of Questions Number of Component Max. Marks Approximate

Questions 10 words
Long Answer 2 Knowledge 03 50 words &
Questions above

Application 06 250 words &

above

-Reference 01 Additional
-Source of Information information if
-Publication any
-Author
-Examples etc.

Medium Answer 3 Knowledge 03 50 words &

Question above

Application 03 50 words &

above

-Reference 04 150 words &

-Source of Information above
-Publication
-Author
-Examples etc.

Short Answer 1 Definition/ 2x5 25 – 30 words

Question Concept/
Comparison etc.

Essay Type Question 1 Concept & Relevance 06 300 words &

to the Question above

Reasoning , Structure 04
& Presentation

PAPER SETTING
* Two questions of either / or nature should be set out of each Unit.
* 14 questions will be set from the total syllabus.
* Seven questions compulsory to be attempted by the student, at least one out of each unit.

Note: The question paper in all shall aim to assess knowledge and understanding part.
Approximately 50% marks each may be allotted to assess knowledge and for application of
knowledge.
 PHYSICAL EDUCATION
(Sample Question Paper)
Code No.048

M.M. 70 Class XII Time 3 Hrs

All questions are compulsory.

Question paper carries two parts namely Part A & B.

PART A

Q.1. How an individual is benefited with fitness and wellness. Explain the
principles of fitness.
2+2+6

Q.2. Circuit training consists of exercises performed with or without apparatus.

Draw a diagram of circuit training along with stations. What are the main
characteristics of circuit training?
5+5

Q.3. Specify the role of sociology in sports. How physical education programme
leads to leadership and value education?
2+4+4

OR

“Games and sports as cultural heritage” Justify.

10

Q.4. Describe the following:

(i) Sports environment

(ii) Essential elements of sports environment
(iii) Role of individual in improving sports environment
(iv) Prevention of sports related accidents
(v) Physical education as a medium to improve sports environment
2x5

Q.5. While describing the terms yoga and asanas, explain the role of yoga for
improving performance in competitive sports.
3+3+4

Continued…………..
Physical Education – Class XII – Continued…………..

PART B

Q.1. What do you understand by first aid of sports injuries? Explain sprain,
strain, abrasion and fracture.
2x5

Q.2. Write the following about the game/sport of your choice (any five):

(i) List of fundamental skills

(ii) Two specific warming up exercises
(iii) Two terminologies of the game/sport
(iv) Name of two sports awards conferred by Govt of India in the game
(v) Two important tournaments and venues for last two years
(vi) Name of two personalities with brief out line of their achievements
(vii) Latest changes in the rules of game/sport
2x5
 PHYSICAL EDUCATION
(Sample Question Paper)
Code No.048

M.M. 70 Class XII Time 3 Hrs

All questions are compulsory.

Question paper carries two parts namely Part A & B.

PART A

Q.1. How socialization takes place through sports and games at national and
international level?
2+4+4
OR

“Games and sports as cultural heritage” Justify.

10

Q.2. Describe the following:

(i) General fitness

(ii) Specific fitness
(iii) Recreational fitness
(iv) Calisthenics and fitness
(v) Jogging and fitness
2x5

Q.3. How physical education helps in creating positive environment? How it

helps in improving performance and prevents sports related injuries?
4+3+3

Q.4. Write short notes on any five:

(i) Origin of yoga

(ii) Effect of yoga on individual
(iii) Role of yoga in sports
(iv) Meditation
(v) Pranayam
(vi) Asanas
2x5

Q.5. What do you mean by the concept of training? Explain briefly conditioning,
general training, specific training and strength training.
2x5

Continued…………..
Physical Education – Class XII – Continued…………..

PART B

Q.1. Describe the first aid measures and rehabilitation process of injuries
related to sports and games.
5+5
Q.2. Write the following about the game/sport of your choice (any five):

(i) List of fundamental skills

(ii) Two specific warming up exercises
(iii) Two terminologies of the game/sport
(iv) Name of two sports awards conferred by Govt of India in the game
(v) Two important tournaments and venues for last two years
(vi) Name of two personalities with brief out line of their achievements
(vii) Latest changes in the rules of game/sport
2x5
 PHYSICAL EDUCATION
(Sample Question Paper, Set–I )
Code No.048

M.M. 70 Class XII Time 3

Hrs

“Solved Question Paper”

All questions are compulsory.

Question paper carries two parts namely Part A & B.

Part A

Q.1. How an individual is benefited with fitness and wellness. Explain the
principles of fitness.
2+2+6
Ans.
It is known that fitness and wellness makes an individual physically fit,
mentally stable and helps becoming a good citizen. Fitness helps individual
achieve satisfactory level of strength, endurance and flexibility. It further
improves the confidence and energy level. One feels more energetic and fresh
for the whole day. It also leads to sound sleep followed by more relaxed body
which leading to mental satisfaction and social stability. Body becomes more
resistant to general ailments. Fitness improves efficiency of heart and lungs by
improving cardio-respiratory fitness. It helps in maintaining normal blood
pressure of the body. In nutshell, we can say – fitness and wellness helps to
achieve the aim of physical education i.e. – “All round development of
personality of the individual.”
Principles of fitness:-
1. Before taking any fitness programme one go for medical check-up.
2. One can take-up the fitness program at any age.
3. Fitness program must be scientifically chalked out depending on age, sex
and ability.
4. Programme must be simple to complex.
5. Avoid eating or drinking during a fitness session.
6. Safety must be given priority during the programme.
7. There should be proper gap between the meal and training session.
8. Avoid uncomfortable clothing during the exercise.
9. Avoid overstress and workout according to your need and capacity.
[Link] most important principle of developing physical fitness is the
principle of overload.
Q.2. Circuit training consists of exercises performed with or without
apparatus. Draw a diagram of circuit training along with stations. What are
the main characteristics of circuit training?
5+5

Ans.
Standing
Jumps
Skipping Sit- Ups

Circuit
Training
Dips Chin-ups

Half-Squats
Shuttle - Run

Burpy Jumps

“Circuit – Training “
Characteristics of circuit – training:-
1. Do the correct movements. Wrong and incorrect movements may be
harmful.
2. Follow the principle – “Simple to complex.” i.e. – First do the simple
exercise and move towards the complex one.
3. Do the exercise with your 80-100% efficiency.
4. Number of repetitions may vary according to need and efficiency.
5. The aim should be development of strength endurance and flexibility.
6. Do the exercise in a manner so that all body parts can be exercised.
7. Increase the intensity and volume of exercises gradually.
8. Don’t repeat the same circuit, change exercise at the stations as per
requirement of your game.
9. To make the sessions interesting do it in small group of players.
[Link] injury oriented equipments and exercises.
--------------------------------------------X--------------------------------------------
Q.3. Specify the role of sociology in sports. How physical education
programme leads to leadership and value education?
2+4+4

Ans.
Role of Sociology in Sports:-
Sociology is derived out of Latin word “societus” meaning society and Greek
word “logus” meaning study of science. It means sociology is the science of
society.

Definition of Sociology: - Sociology is the study of relationship of men with his

environment.

Definition of Sports-Sociology:- Sports Sociology is the study of origin,

development, organization and role of sports in human society.

Role of Sociology in Sports:

As Aristotle said “Man is a social animal.” A child born, live in the family and
home, go to the school, learn to adjust and develop himself socially. Sports
activities are mostly group activities offering many opportunities for
socialization and development of social qualities in individuals, the child plays
with his peers, get acquainted with the behaviour of other children. He learns
language and various modes of movements like running, jumping, chasing,
shouting, struggling etc. Exchange of toys and words, feeling of giving and
receiving. In this way group play leads to socialization. Through sociology
athletes learns and develop qualities of co-operation and healthy competition.
Sociology leads to character development also. Through sociology individual
learns independence, confidence, solving problems with peers. He also
develops the qualities of friendship, popularity, mutual understanding and
leadership. In competitions the athletes learns to face odds, to be couraged,
to be obedient, to be self confident etc. One realizes through sociology that
both competition and co-operation are important for all round development of
an individual. It helps physical education teachers to develop traits of social
behaviour among players. It helps in development of moral character of
athletes.

Leadership and value Education

It is true that Physical Education programmes leads to leadership and value
education, while playing every player try to prove his identity, whether it is an
individual sport or team event. Every player tries to show excellence to prove
– The Best. Best means the Leader. Every player wants to perform so as to
become leader of the team and in individual sport the player wants to win – to
prove supremacy. Or we can say winner is the leader. There are some other
activities like NCC, Scouts and Guides, Camping etc. that helps individual to
learn new thing to survive and to spend the life with intelligence.

Through Physical Education and sports the individual become not only
physically fit and mentally sound but also he develops essential values for life
like – strong moral character, co-operation, forgiveness, self-respect, support,
care belongingness, respect for seniors and teachers etc. In present scenario it
is observed that the students lack in values but with participation in games and
sports they are likely to develop these values that help them become a good
person and a responsible citizen.
--------------------------------------------------X--------------------------------------
 OR

Q3. “Games and sports as cultural heritage” Justify.

10
Ans.

“Games and sports as Cultural Heritage”

Culture consists of the behaviour that individuals develop as a result of living in
a particular group. It is a way of life and a product of our social in heritance.
Our culture consists of our ways of living, eating habits, thoughts, customs,
traditions, morals, art, literature, religion, games and sports and many other
aspects of life. Our modern culture is not a product of sudden change or
development, but has been evolved over centuries of the past. It is therefore
a sort of reflection of our past. Therefore, games and sports of modern times
are also indicators of the primitive times. Such activities have been passed on
to us by our ancestors and are therefore our cultural heritage.
History of physical activities of man is as old as civilization itself. Most of the
activities of primitive men were of physical nature and were aimed to secure
means of existence. Activities included running, jumping, fighting, fishing and
wrestling etc.

Such activities were essential for fighting enemies and procuring food.
However, with the passage of time and formation of groups and institutions,
some games and dances were added for the purpose of enjoyment and
recreation. Games and sports activities of modern times are modified forms of
the past activities of our ancestors and have been passed on to us as part of our
cultural heritage. Some of the items of modern sports competitions, such as
boxing etc. originated in the past.

Our modern culture is a mixture of many cultures of the ancient world. Many
countries of the world have contributed in its evolution through their thoughts
and practices. In this respect, contributions of early Egyptians, Greeks, and
countries of the west cannot be forgotten. Most of the games and activities of
today are the outcome of the contributions of these countries.

Gymnastic activities of modern times are the contribution of Germans.

Germany gave us heavy gymnastics apparatus like horizontal bar, vaulting horse
and parallel bars etc.. The British are considered to be the originators of ball
games. They introduced games of football, hockey and cricket. The British
helped in spreading these games around the world.

America introduced games of volleyball, basketball and baseball. There

emphasis on physical fitness is worth admiring.

There are references of activities like archery, wrestling and games like
“Shatranj” in Indian history from the times of Mahabharata. There are also
references of games like “Kabaddi” and “Kho-Kho” having been played in the
past. All such activities of the past are part of our physical activities today.
Thus, we can say that games, sports and other physical activities of modern
times are not a creation of modern thought and practice, but are a legacy of
our ancient culture. We have simply modified these games and activities to
refine them and suit our convenience. In fact the cultural heritage of the past
show us the methods of surviving in this changing world.

Q.4. Describe the following:

(i) Sports environment

(ii) Essential elements of sports environment
(iii) Role of individual in improving sports environment
(iv) Prevention of sports related accidents
(v) Physical education as a medium to improve sports environment
2x5
Ans.
(i) Sports Environment:- Sports environment means availability of
proper infrastructure, equipments and conducive ambience for
sports. For example if a player is provided with proper ground,
equipments, trainer/ Coach and experienced or senior players to
practice or complete with he would learn and perform better and will
give his best in sports.

(ii) Essential elements of sports environment:- In a school essential

element of sports environment can be as follows:-
(a) Ground for outdoor sports.
(b) Indoor Hall.
(c) Swimming Pool.
(d) Necessary safe Equipments.
(e) Qualified Physical Education teachers and specialized coaches.
(f) Inter School Competitions.

(iii) Role of individual in improving sports environment:-

The individual can be a player, the captain of the team or sports
captain of the school. They can motivate other students to play and
participate in the games and sports by telling them the benefits of
sports. Because motivation by peer group can be real source of
energy for improving sports environment.

(iv) Prevention of Sports related accidents:-

In this the Physical Education Teachers and Trainers/ Coaches play
very important role. They shall see that there is no obstacle in the
ground. The ground is neat, clean and leveled. The equipment must
be safe. The training should be done in organized manner. Extra
attention should be given to injury oriented sports like Cricket,
Hockey, Football, Archery, Javelin Throw, Discus Throw, Shot-put
etc. The most important is not to leave students unattended. The
Physical Education Teacher should be there to provide help at the
time of injury or accident that may happen during the game.

(v) Physical Education as a medium to improve sports environment:-

 Physical Education is one of the important ways to improve sports
environment. The Physical Education professional can play the main
and important role improving sports environment. They should
provide theoretical and practical knowledge of Physical Education
and Sports so that children learn more and interest for sports and
games be created. This will increase participation and will help in
improving sports environment in the school.

Q.5. While describing the terms yoga and asanas, explain the role of yoga
for improving performance in competitive sports.
3+3+4
Ans.

Yoga- Yoga means "union of soul with the God." The word ‘Yog’ is derived from
Sanskrit word "Yuj", which means to join or union or to bind. In other words
"union of soul with God". The correct meaning of yoga is to perform a task with
excellence is called Yoga.
Asana- Asana is the third step of Yoga. In Astanga Yoga, after achieving Yama
and Viyayama, the Yogi starts asana or Yogic postures. Asanas are very helpful
in maintaining good health. We can divide asana (poses) in following parts.
(a). Developing Postures.
(b). Meditative Postures.
(c). Relaxtative Postures.

Role of Yoga for improving performance in competitive sports-

1. Flexibility
2. Strength
3. Endurance
4. Balance and rhythm
5. Meditation
6. Relaxation

Asana- Asana means holding the body in a particular posture to bring stability
to the body and poise to mind. The practice of asana bring firmness to the
body and vitality to the body and the mind.
Role of yoga for improving performance in competitive sports:-
By doing yoga regularly along with other fitness methods, it is very helpful in
developing certain aspects of fitness that can improve performance in
competitive sports.

1. Improvement in flexibility - Regular practice of yoga helps in improving

joint range of motion that improves overall flexibility. Flexibility is a motor
component without which a player is not complete for desired standards.

2. Strength and Endurance:- Regular practice of yoga helps in improving

general strength and endurance. Asanas provide strength to certain muscles
and breathing processes like Pranayama helps in improving breathing capacity
and lungs become more efficient resulting in improved performance.
3. Balance and Rhythm - Regular practice of asanas helps in improving
balance and rhythm of the body.

4. Meditation:- Meditation helps in improving concentration of the players

towards their goal. The player become psychologically strong by meditating for
high achievement.

5. Relaxation:- After each training session and practice, a player need to relax.
Yoga and asanas are the best way to relax.

6. At the time of injury and in off Season:- At the time when a player is
injured, he can maintain his fitness through certain asana. During off season, a
player can maintain his fitness and strengthen his muscles through yoga without
getting stressed.
 PART B

Q.1. What do you understand by first aid of sports injuries? Explain sprain,
strain, abrasion and fracture.
2x5
Ans.

First aid of sports – injuries:-

On the spot help / assistance / treatment provided to the injured player in the
ground / arena at the place of injury is called first aid of sport injury.
Normally, except in the case of fracture, the initial treatment for an injury for
24-48 hours is through PRICES (Prevention, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
and Support).

Sprain - Injury to ligament is called sprain.

Strain – Injury to muscles and tendons is called strain.

Classification of sprain and strain

1. Ist Degree – Fibour destruction is nil.
2. IInd Degree – Fibour destruction is moderate.
3. IIIrd Degree – Total destruction of fibour.

Symptoms of strain and sprain

1. Pain 2. Swelling 3. Loss of movement
In acute injury – usually pain is more.
In chronic injury – Pain is less, swelling is more.

Treatment
For Ist and IInd Degree
1. PRICE – Prevention, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation, Support
2. Physiotherapy.
For IIIrd Degree – Surgery
For muscles – Catgut surgery.
For ligaments – Silk or metallic wire is used for surgery.

Abrasion – Abrasion is a superficial injury of skin due to rubbing or scraping.

Causes – The main reason of abrasion is falling on hard or rough surface.
Abrasion may be because of constant irritation of skin by ill fitted shoes, rough
fabric, seams in clothing or other parts of sports equipment such as helmets
and pads.

Fractures – Fractures is defined as discontinuity in bone.

Type
1. Simple fracture.
2. Compound fracture.
3. Communicate fracture.

Fractures may be :-
1. Transverse fracture.
2. Oblique fracture.
3. Spiral fracture.
4. Compressor fracture.

Principle of treatment in plaster:-

1. To reduce Odessa.
2. To relieve pain.
3. Maintenance of circulation.
4. To teach the patient to use special appliances

Q.2. Write the following about the game/sport of your choice (any five):

(i) List of fundamental skills

(ii) Two specific warming up exercises
(iii) Two terminologies of the game/sport
(iv) Name of two sports awards conferred by Govt. of India in the
game
(v) Two important tournaments and venues for last two years
(vi) Name of two personalities with brief out line of their
achievements
(vii) Latest changes in the rules of game/sport
2x5
Ans.

(i) List of fundamental skills

(a) The grip
(b) Stance
(c) Drop
(d) Lob
(e) Smash
(f) Drive
(g) Clear

(ii) Two specific warming up exercises

(a) Shuttle – run
(b) Footwork / Shadow – practice

(iii) Two terminologies of the game/sport

(a) Rally
(b) Deuce

(iv) Name of two sports awards conferred by Govt. of India in the game
(a) Arjuna Award
(b) Padma Shri

(v) Two important tournaments and venues for last two years
(a) All England Championship
(b) Thomas and Uber Cup

(vi) Name of two personalities with brief out line of their achievements
(a) Prakash Padukone (National and all England Champion)
(b) P Gopichand (National and All England Champion)

(vii) Latest changes in the rules of game/sport

(a) Earlier the game was played with 15 – points game. Now the game is of 21-
points.
(b) Earlier if server did the fault the serve was changed. Now every fault is
scored.
 PHYSICAL EDUCATION
(Sample Question Paper, Set – II )
Code No.048

M.M. 70 Class XII Time 3 Hrs

All questions are compulsory.

Question paper carries two parts namely Part A & B.

Part A

Q.1. How socialization takes place through sports and games at national and
international level?

2+4+4
Ans.

Socialization through Sports and Games at National and International Level:-

Sports and games play a significance role in socialization. At any national level
sports and games competition players from different states and regions
assemble at the venue to participate and perform. They have different
cultures and languages. They have different eating habits. Some of them have
different dressing sense and dress code. Players learn so many thing of
practical life from each other. They also share training methods, tactics and
strategies of their game with other players. At venue they meet with highly
qualified coaches and trainers and also sports celebrities. Players get
motivated by sharing their experiences. In free time they visit different places
around the venue, learn culture of that place, have food of that region.

Lets talk about Olympic Games. In Olympic Games players from different
countries gather at the venue to participate, perform and win. They learn so
many things from each other. They make new friends and some of them meet
with old friends from different countries. They exchange thoughts, feelings
and gifts with each other. The experience they go through lasts forever. They
taste food of different countries during the event. They learn different
cultures of different countries. They experience modern facilities and latest
equipment with latest technology. For example – In 2008 Bejing Olympics, the
world has seen the presentation put-up by China. Players from different
corners met, played, performed, lost and won. They learned to adjust, co-
operate, compete, care and share from each others. Hence we can say that by
participating in any national and international level competitions, players learn
many things that improve their behaviour which prepares them live socially
adjusted life and makes them a good citizen for their country.
 OR

“Games and Sports as cultural heritage” Justify.

Ans.

“Games and sports as Cultural Heritage”

Culture consists of the behaviour that individuals develop as a result of living in
a particular group. It is a way of life and a product of our social in heritance.
Our culture consists of our ways of living, eating habits, thoughts, customs,
traditions, morals, art, literature, religion, games and sports and many other
aspects of life. Our modern culture is not a product of sudden change or
development, but has been evolved over centuries of the past. It is therefore
a sort of reflection of our past. Therefore, games and sports of modern times
are also indicators of the primitive times. Such activities have been passed on
to us by our ancestors and are therefore our cultural heritage.
History of physical activities of man is as old as civilization itself. Most of the
activities of primitive men were of physical nature and were aimed to secure
means of existence. Activities included running, jumping, fighting, fishing and
wrestling etc.

Such activities were essential for fighting enemies and procuring food.
However, with the passage of time and formation of groups and institutions,
some games and dances were added for the purpose of enjoyment and
recreation. Games and sports activities of modern times are modified forms of
the past activities of our ancestors and have been passed on to us as part of our
cultural heritage. Some of the items of modern sports competitions, such as
boxing etc. originated in the past.

Our modern culture is a mixture of many cultures of the ancient world. Many
countries of the world have contributed in its evolution through their thoughts
and practices. In this respect, contributions of early Egyptians, Greeks, and
countries of the west cannot be forgotten. Most of the games and activities of
today are the outcome of the contributions of these countries.

Gymnastic activities of modern times are the contribution of Germans.

Germany gave us heavy gymnastics apparatus like horizontal bar, vaulting horse
and parallel bars etc.. The British are considered to be the originators of ball
games. They introduced games of football, hockey and cricket. The British
helped in spreading these games around the world.

America introduced games of volleyball, basketball and baseball. There

emphasis on physical fitness is worth admiring.

There are references of activities like archery, wrestling and games like
“Shatranj” in Indian history from the times of Mahabharata. There are also
references of games like “Kabaddi” and “Kho-Kho” having been played in the
past. All such activities of the past are part of our physical activities today.
Thus, we can say that games, sports and other physical activities of modern
times are not a creation of modern thought and practice, but are a legacy of
our ancient culture. We have simply modified these games and activities to
refine them and suit our convenience. In fact the cultural heritage of the past
show us the methods of surviving in this changing world.

Q.2. Describe the following:

(i) General fitness

(ii) Specific fitness
(iii) Recreational fitness
(iv) Calisthenics and fitness
(v) Jogging and fitness
2x5

Ans.

(i) General Fitness :- General fitness can be defined as workout for basic
fitness to develop the components of strength, endurance & flexibility. It can
be done with or without equipment. It is suggested that fitness should be done
under the supervision of an expert coach/physical education teacher. Also it is
advised that proper clothing and good sports shoes be worn during the training.

(ii) Specific fitness :- It means fitness for a specific purpose or specific sport.
For example a tennis player will do something different from a wrestler.
Different types of exercise for different sports should be given. We can take
another example of a specific physical fitness test. To qualify the test –the
individual has to prepare himself for the specific test & exercise. It is advised
to do proper warning up & cooling down before performing a specific session
and after the session.

(iii) Recreation Fitness:- Recreation fitness means fitness gained or achieved

through recreational activities and fun games. As someone said “Play for
children”, “competition for youth” and “recreation for middle-aged and old”.
By playing games as recreation an individual can achieve a good and acceptable
level of fitness without going to gym and without indulging in any specific
fitness schedule. The benefits are more or less same.

(iv) Calisthenics and fitness:- Free hand exercises or gymnastics exercises can
be termed as calisthenics. The exercise to achieve strength, rhythm and
balance can be termed as calisthenics. Like mass Physical Training and a few
physical fitness drills. Calisthenics exercises also leads to achieve high
standards of fitness.

(v) Jogging and Fitness:- Running with low intensity is called jogging. Jogging
is better than walking. Continuous jogging increases blood circulation. If a
person does jogging daily for 15-20 minutes for 2-3months and he is likely to
achieve certain level of fitness. It is suggested to do some stretching exercise
through yoga and cooling down after a jogging session.
Q.3. How physical education helps in creating positive environment? How it
helps in improving performance and prevents sports related injuries?
4+3+3
Ans.
Physical education helps in creating positive environment in many ways.
Through physical education and sports activities energy of children and youth
can be channelized. By creating awareness towards sports and games their
time can be utilized in constructive manner thus helping them achieve sound
health. Children keep themselves busy in sports and they don’t get time to
indulge in antisocial activities. By playing games they get tired, their appetite
increases and they take good diet. The blood circulation increases and helps
them concentrate better in studies. They feel more energetic and refreshed
for whole day. Participation in games leads to sound sleep. They also develop
qualities like courage, character building, support, care, competition, co-
operation, adjustment and leadership. In this way we can say physical
education helps in creating positive environment.

Physical Education also helps in improving sports performance. By learning

methods of training and conditioning, principles of load and recovery,
fundamental skills of games and sports, tactics and strategies of the game a
player can improve his performance very rapidly. Though physical education
he also learns principles of diet and nutrition, rest and recovery, prevention
and treatment of injuries. These things are essentials for a player to perform
better.

Physical education teachers and coaches teach players about the importance of
warming – up and cooling down. They also brief them about the safety
measures and safety equipment used in sports. By following those guidelines,
principles, and precautions the players can reduce chances of sports related
injuries and accidents.

Q.4. Write short notes on any five:

(i) Origin of yoga

(ii) Effect of yoga on individual
(iii) Role of yoga in sports
(iv) Meditation
(v) Pranayam
(vi) Asanas
2x5
Ans.

(i) Origin of Yoga:-

No one knows the exact about the origin of yoga. There are certain proofs of
yoga in Upnishads and Purans. In Bhagvad Geeta also there are so may things
regarding yoga. In Ayurveda also there is literature related to yoga and its
therapeutic effect. Now it is worldwide accepted that yoga from India is one
of the best system of exercise.
(ii) Effect of yoga on individual:-
There are eight steps of yoga – Yama, Viyama, Asana, Pranayama, Prathyahara,
Dharana, Dhyana and samadhi. If a person follows the principles of ashtang
yoga, he can disciplined life and achieve optimum level of physical fitness and
mental stability. Yoga also helps in increasing resistance of body from general
ailments. Yogic asanas, bandh, kriyas and pranyama helps in the treatment of
certain diseases also.

(iii) Role of yoga in sports:-

Regular Yoga regularly alongwith other fitness exercises is helpful in developing
certain aspects of fitness like – flexibility, strength, endurance, balance and
rhythm.
By doing meditation players can improve their concentration. The players
become physically fit and psychologically strong by doing regular practice of
yoga. Yoga also helps in relaxation after doing strenuous of training.

(iv) Meditation –
It is also called Dhayana. It is the 7th step of ashtanga yoga. It is a very useful
tool to improve concentration and mental relaxation. It also helps in the
treatment of depression.

(v) Pranayama –
Prana and Ayama – It means “Prana ka Ayam” or “Expansion of life”. It is
basically a set of breathing processes that improves respiratory fitness. Types
of pranayama are:-
(a) Shitli Pranyama
(b) Shitkari Pranyama
(c) Vijayi Pranyama
(d) Bhastrika Pranyama etc.

(vi) Asanas:-
Asana is the third step of Ashtanga yoga. After achieving yama and niyama the
yoga starts asana or yogic postures. Asana means holding the body in a
particular posture to bring stability to body and mind. The practice of asana
brings firmness to the body and vitality to the body and the mind. Regular
practice of asanas helps in improving strength and endurance.
Q.5. What do you mean by the concept of training? Explain briefly
conditioning, general training, specific training and strength training.
2x5
Ans.

Concept of Training
Training – Training is a process of preparation for some task.
Sports training – Sports training is the basic form of preparation of sportsman.
OR – Sports training is a scientific process, aiming at preparing the sportsman
for higher performance in sports competitions.

Aims of sports – training

1. Development of physique.
2. Conditioning of body for specific sports.
3. To learn technical skills properly.
4. To improve physical fitness of the individual.
5. Psychological development of the individual.

Conditioning – Conditioning is the pre-requisite of training. Through this we

condition the body for various factors like temperature, surface load and
specific skills of the required sport. The body takes some time to condition for
a specific task. So it is advised to do the work outs in continuity to condition
the body for a specific task.

General Training:- General training can be defined as work out for basic
fitness to develop the components of strength, endurance and flexibility. It
can be done with or without equipment. It is suggested that training should be
done under supervision of an expert/ coach /physical education teacher.
Proper clothing and good sports shoes are essential for this purpose.

Specific training:- It means training for a specific purpose or specific sport for
example a tennis player will do something different as a wrestler do i.e.
different types of exercises for different sports should be given. We can take
another example of a specific physical fitness test. To qualify the test the
individual has to prepare himself specifically for that specific test, specific
exercises. It is advised to do proper warming-up and cooling down while
performing a specific session.

Strength Training:- Method adopted to improve strength is called strength

training. Strength is defined as the ability overcome resistance or act against
resistance.

Type of strength
1. Maximum strength
2. Explosive strength
3. Strength endurance

Methods of improving strength

1. Physical exercises
2. Weight training
3. Circuit training
4. Contrast method
5. Decreasing resistance – Constant repetitions.
6. Changing resistance – Changing repetitions.
 PART B

Q.1. Describe the first aid measures and rehabilitation process of injuries
related to sports and games.
5+5
Ans.

First aid measures and rehabilitation process of injuries related to sports and
games can be described through a formula called PRICES (Protection, Rest, Ice,
Compression, Elevation and Support). Except fracture or dislocation almost all
the sports injuries can be initially treated with this formula. For the intial 24-
48 hours of injury PRICES is the best way of treating sports injuries.
After the first aid any injury, medical assistance is required. Treatment and
rehabilitation can be done through various physiotherapy treatments and
modalities.

These are:-
 Cryotherapy – It is a therapy in which cold is used as modality i.e. ice packs,
ice bags, ice massage and cold water.
 Hydrotherapy – It is a therapy in which water is used as heat exchange
medium.
 Wax bath – Treatment by hot wax.
 Infra Red Lamp – Treatment by infra red rays.

Ultra – Sound Machine- Treatment of injury by ultra sonic rays.

Short wave diathermy – Treatment through SWD Machine.
- IFT- Interferential Therapy – Treatment through electric current through
electrodes.
Explanation of PRICE –
P – Protection – Protect the injured part from further injury. Do not attempt to
pressure or massage the injured part.
R – Rest – Give rest to the injured part and restrict the movement.
I – Ice – Apply ice to the injured part for 15-20 minutes and repeat it 3-4 times
in a day if required for first 24-48 hours of injury.
C – Compression – Compress the injured part with a crape bandage to restrict
the movement.
E – Elevation – Elevate the injured part with the slings if required.
S – Support - Support the injured part to avoid painful movement until medical
assistance is provided.

Q.2. Write the following about the game/sport of your choice (any five):

(i) List of fundamental skills

(ii) Two specific warming up exercises
(iii) Two terminologies of the game/sport
(iv) Name of two sports awards conferred by Govt. of India in the
game
(v) Two important tournaments and venues for last two years
(vi) Name of two personalities with brief out line of their
achievements
 (vii) Latest changes in the rules of game/sport
2x5
Ans.

(i) List of fundamental skills

(h) The grip
(i) Stance
(j) Drop
(k) Lob
(l) Smash
(m) Drive
(n) Clear

(ii) Two specific warming up exercises

(c) Shuttle – run
(d) Footwork / Shadow – practice

(iii) Two terminologies of the game/sport

(c) Rally
(d) Deuce

(iv) Name of two sports awards conferred by Govt. of India in the game
(c) Arjuna Award
(d) Padma Shri

(v) Two important tournaments and venues for last two years
(c) All England Championship
(d) Thomas and Uber Cup

(vi) Name of two personalities with brief out line of their achievements
(a) Prakash Padukone (National and all England Champion)
(b) P Gopichand (National and All England Champion)

(vii) Latest changes in the rules of game/sport

(c) Earlier the game was played with 15 – points game. Now the game is of 21-
points.
(d) Earlier if server did the fault the serve was changed. Now every fault is
scored.
 Physical Education
(Code No.048)

Work load/Teaching Components – Theory & Practical Syllabus

THEORY
List of Content of Suggested Work Maximum Marks Allotment
Syllabus load/Teaching Components

PART ‘A’

Unit I 10 Periods 10

Unit II 10 Periods 10

Unit III 10 Periods 10

Unit IV 10 Periods 10

Unit V 10 Periods 10

PART ‘B’

Unit I 10 Periods 10

Unit II 10 Periods 10

PRACTICAL

(i) 70 Periods to cover 10

(i) Physical Fitness

(ii) (ii) Teaching of skills for 15

Games & Sports

(iii) (iii) Preparation of Record 05

Book/File & Viva

Note: Work load may be modified as per the local requirements.