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Causes and Detection of Disabilities

This document discusses the causes, detection, and assessment of disabilities from prenatal development through early childhood. Causes of disability include complications during delivery like prolonged labor, and issues in newborns like lack of oxygen or infections. Disabilities can also stem from postnatal insults, toxins, infections, malnutrition, abuse or neglect. Detection methods include preconception genetic counseling, various prenatal tests, and screenings at birth and in infancy using tools like the APGAR scale or Brazelton assessment. The document outlines specific medical tests and assessments used at different developmental stages to screen for disabilities and determine diagnoses and treatment plans.

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Elyssa Daggett
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4 views4 pages

Causes and Detection of Disabilities

This document discusses the causes, detection, and assessment of disabilities from prenatal development through early childhood. Causes of disability include complications during delivery like prolonged labor, and issues in newborns like lack of oxygen or infections. Disabilities can also stem from postnatal insults, toxins, infections, malnutrition, abuse or neglect. Detection methods include preconception genetic counseling, various prenatal tests, and screenings at birth and in infancy using tools like the APGAR scale or Brazelton assessment. The document outlines specific medical tests and assessments used at different developmental stages to screen for disabilities and determine diagnoses and treatment plans.

Uploaded by

Elyssa Daggett
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SE 502- Week 3

Etiology Part 2
Screening, Diagnosis, Assessment

Causes of disability during delivery


 Early/late
 Prolonged labor
 Forceful delivery
Causes of disabilities in newborns
 Eg
 Lack of oxygen-anoxia
 Lack of circulation- ischemia
 Intracranial hemorrhage
 Infections- generalized bacterial
 Viral infections- herpes
 Hyperbilirubunemia
 Hypoglycemia- too much glucose used or not enough produced

Post Natal
 Insult- accidental injuries
 Toxins
 Infections
 Nutrition- malnutrition
 Early experience
 Child abuse and neglect
Detection
 Preconception- genetic counsel
 Prenatal- testing
 At birth- quick screening
 Infant
 Pre school
How?
 Points of clarification
o Screening-there seems to be something wrong and need more
information. Raises red flags, new born screening- blood prick
genetics test, limitations? New born behavioral screening,
observant parents, teachers, pediatricians
o Diagnosis- lets figure out what it is- confirmation, determine
eligibility- for special education services, access for medical
treatments. How- through medical test, comprehensive
educational assessment
o Evaluation/ assessment- what do we do about it. Treatment
plan- medical, educational.

 Preconception/ prenatal
o Genetic screening and counseling
 Prenatal detection
o CVS 8-10 weeks gestation
 Placental tissue
Triple screen
 Maternal blood( hCG), aloga fetoprotein, estriol
 15-22 weeks
 Downs Spina bifida
o Amniocentesis

2
 14-17 weeks gestation
 8oz fluid
 Couple of weeks- downs syndrome
o Ultrasound
o MRI
o Echocardiogram
 Perinatal
o Newborn
 Behavioral (APGAR)
 Brazelton neonatal behavior assessment scale (behavioral
assessment)
 Biochemical – heel prick
 Genetic
o APGAR Screening
 Appearance- coloring
 Pulse- heart rate
 Gag reflex/ grimace
 Activity/ muscle tone
 Respiration- breathing ( taken at 1 min and 5 min)
 Score 0-2 on each item
o Newborn Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment
 Neurological items- elicted reflexes and movements- these
neuro items are rated on a 3 point scalre for low mediam
and high intensitity of response.
 Between 3 days and 4 weeks
 Hand grasp
 Babinski- flexing toes
 Standing
 Automatic walking
 Crawling
 Postnatal
 Well baby checks
 Screening- Denver II, Autism screening,

3
 Issues in screening and surveillance

o False positive/false negatives


o Identify and don’t do anything about it

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