ASIAN INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIES
Pasay City, Philippines
SCHOOL OF MARITIME AFFAIRS
Department of MARINE TRANPORTATION
MODULE TITLE
Course Code: SEAM 2 135
Course Title: TRIM, STABILITY & STRESS
Developed by:
MR. PALMER IDICA CUADRO
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MODULE CODE : MOD-SEAM 6 – P – 001
MODULE TITLE : ADVANCED TRIM, STABILITY & STRESS
I. SCOPE
This module intends to provide students with knowledge, understanding and proficiency
in analysing and evaluating information; and calculating data related to stability in order
to maintain the seaworthiness of a ship.
II. COURSE OUTCOMES
At the end of the Course the student must have:
CO1: Explain the importance of maintaining stability during loading, unloading and in-
transit in various conditions
LO1.1: Discuss the trapezoidal rule for the area under a curve in terms of the number of
ordinates, the interval and the ordinate
LO1.2: Use the trapezoidal rule to find the area under a curve defined by given ordinates
LO1.3: Interpret knowledge of the theories of the rule in the construction and stability of
the ship:
Simpson‘s first rule
Simpson‘s second rule and
Simpson’s third rule or the 5, 8, -1 rule
LO1.4: Demonstrate knowledge on how to compute using the three Simpson’s Rule
LO1.5: Discuss the significance of density in preserving the trim and stability relevant to:
Displacement
TPC
Fresh water allowance
LO1.6: Calculate the free surface of liquids on stability and virtual reduction in GM for
liquids with a free surface in spaces with rectangular and triangular water-planes
LO1.7: Differentiate between the heel and list with respect to trim and stability of the ship
LO1.8: Create a table of moments:
About the keel
About the centerline
Trim
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LO1.9: Calculate the following: given LBP and LCF, Displacement and weight
added/removed
Bodily sinkage/rise
Change of trim
Change of draft aft and forward
Trim
GMʟ
III. OVERVIEW OF THE MODULE
TLA No. 01 : Written/Performance Assessment
TLA No. 02 : Written/Performance Assessment
TLA No. 03 : Written/Performance Assessment
TLA No. 04 : Written/Performance Assessment
TLA No. 05 : Written/Performance Assessment
TLA No. 06 : Written/Performance Assessment
TLA No. 07 : Practical assessment
IV. REFERENCE/S
1. STCW‟78 as amended 2010 Table A-II/2 F3.C1: Control trim, stability and stress
2. International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)
3. Cosare, F.D. (2012). Ship construction and stability. Makati City: Philippine
Foundation for Maritime Teaching Aids, Inc.
4. Stokoe, E. A. (2011). Reed's naval architecture for marine engineers. London:
Adlard Coles Nautical
5. Munro-Smith, R. (2010). Ships and naval architecture. Coleman St., London:
Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology (IMarEST)
6. Rhodes, M. A. (2006). Ship stability for mates/master. Philippines: Anvil
Publication
7. Rhodes, M. (2009). Ship stability OOW. Scotland, United Kingdom: Witherby
Seamanship International
8. Clark, I. C. (2008). Stability, trim and strength for merchant ships and fishing
vessels (2nd ed.). London: The Nautical Institute
9. Korotkin, A. I. (2009) Added masses of ship structures. Petersburg: Springer
Science and Business Media
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LEARNING OUTCOME NO. : LO1.1
LEARNING OUTCOME STATEMENT: At the end of this module, you will be
able to states the trapezoidal rule for the area under a curve in terms of the
number of ordinates, the interval and the ordinate values.
TOPIC: APPROXIMATE CALCULATION OF AREAS AND VOLUMES
I. INTRODUCTION
The notions of density and specific gravity (or relative density) are very useful for
finding the mass of a known volume of solid or liquid. They are also useful for
finding the volume occupied by a given mass of liquid or solid.
II. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the discussion the cadet should be able to
1. Understand the terms Density, Mass and Volume
2. Able to complete simple calculations relating to these terms
III. TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITIES
At the end of the discussion the Faculty should be able to:
1. Interactive discussion on the approximate calculation of areas and
volumes.
2. Show how to solve for mass given the volume and density
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IV. CONTENT DISCUSSION
4.1 Density, Mass and Volume
The density of any given substances is its mass per unit volume
This can be expressed as:
DENSITY = MASS
VOLUME
For the ship stability purposes, the units commonly used are:
Mass: tonnes (t)
Volume: cubic meters (m³)
Density: tonnes per cubic meter (t/m³)
Rearranging the above formula gives:
VOLUME = MASS
DENSITY
and
MASS=VOLUME x DENSITY
4.2 Relative Density (RD)
Quite often, the Relative Density (RD) of a substance is quoted instead of
density. This is simply a ratio of the density of the substance in question to that of
fresh water.
The density of fresh water is 1.000 t/m³
In example: the density of the oil was 0.84 t/m³.
The RD of the oil is 0.84 t/m³. In other words, the density of the oil is 0.84 times
than of fresh water.
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4.2.1 Density of water in which a ship typically floats
A ship is presumed to always float in the water that lies in the following density
range:
Fresh Water (FW): 1.000 t/m³ (RD 1.000)
to
Salt Water (SW): 1.025 t/m³ (RD 1.025)
Water that lies between these two extremes is termed Dock Water (DW)
If a question states that a ship is floating in salt water (SW) then it can always be
assumed that the water density is 1.025 t/m³. Similarly, if it is fresh water (FW), a
density of 1.000 t/m³ can be assumed.
4.3 Tutorial Questions
4.3.1 Problem question number 1
A piece of steel measures 0.1m x 2.2m x 6.0m and has a density of 7.80 t/m³.
Calculate it mass.
Problem solution:
Mass = Volume x Density
Mass = (0.1 x 2.2 x 6.0) x 7.80
Mass = 10.296 tonnes
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4.3.2 Problem question number 2
Vessels displace 32,000 tonnes. Her TPI is 72. How much will her draft increase
when docking where the density is 1002? Use water density of 1025.
Problem solution:
Change in draft =Disp x (change in density) / TPI x 1000
= 32,000 x (1025 -1002) / 72 x 1000
=10.22 inches
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IV. SELF-ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION:
Name: Date:
Course: Faculty:
Directions: Evaluate each statement as it pertains to the discussion in this module
course. For each criteria, threshold level 1 to 5 (1 is the lowest and 5 highest). Please
respond as truthfully as possible, so that you can make an accurate assessment of
your progress and set realistic goals for future improvement.
Rationale for using Technology: threshold level
Note: The following aspects will be taken into account, to the extent 1/5
that the study guide corresponds to the topic description:
The lesson topic or skill area is one that faculty often report
difficulties teaching
The technology-based lesson offers clear relative advantage Score:
over other way of teaching the topic or skill.
The relative advantage seems sufficient to justify the extra
expense and effort required to use the technology
Lesson Objectives and Assessment: threshold level
Note: The Following Aspects will be taken into account, to be extent 1/5
to which the outputs of the topic should contribute at the in this
course module topic:
Objectives are clear statements of products and
performances that cadets are required to do demonstrate
learning
Cadets objectives reflect measures that are usually required
for the topic/area or that makes sense as a alternatives to
Score:
those usually required
An assessment plan and instruments are given; assessment
instruments are well designated
There is clear match between cadet objectives and
assessment
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Technology Integration Strategies: threshold level
Note: The following aspects will be taken into account: 1/5
An individual approach or a grouping strategy for using the
technology resources is specified and described Score:
The technology-based activities are essential to helping
cadets accomplish the lesson objectives
VIII. REFERENCES FOR FURTHER READINGS
1. International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)
2. Cosare, F.D. (2012). Ship construction and stability. Makati City: Philippine
Foundation for Maritime Teaching Aids, Inc.
3. Stokoe, E. A. (2011). Reed's naval architecture for marine engineers. London:
Adlard Coles Nautical
4. Munro-Smith, R. (2010). Ships and naval architecture. Coleman St., London:
Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology (IMarEST)
5. Rhodes, M. A. (2006). Ship stability for mates/master. Philippines: Anvil
Publication
6. Rhodes, M. (2009). Ship stability OOW. Scotland, United Kingdom: Witherby
Seamanship International
7. Clark, I. C. (2008). Stability, trim and strength for merchant ships and fishing
vessels (2nd ed.). London: The Nautical Institute
8. Korotkin, A. I. (2009) Added masses of ship structures. Petersburg: Springer
Science and Business Media