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Tree Growth: Primary and Secondary Processes

Tree growth occurs through primary and secondary growth processes. Primary growth increases the height of tree stems, branches, and roots through cell production by apical meristems located at tips. Secondary growth increases diameter through cell division by the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem between xylem and phloem, producing new wood and bark cells. Woody tissue formation results from the activities of these meristematic tissues.

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Huzairee Ismail
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49 views10 pages

Tree Growth: Primary and Secondary Processes

Tree growth occurs through primary and secondary growth processes. Primary growth increases the height of tree stems, branches, and roots through cell production by apical meristems located at tips. Secondary growth increases diameter through cell division by the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem between xylem and phloem, producing new wood and bark cells. Woody tissue formation results from the activities of these meristematic tissues.

Uploaded by

Huzairee Ismail
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHAPTER 2

Tree Growth and


Wood Formation

JAZ_WTE198/APR2021
Tree Growth And
Wood Formation

Wood (xylem) is found


As tree growth, it adds
inside a covering bark,
new wood, increasing
which composed of an
the diameter, length and
inner layer (phloem)
height of main stem,
and an outer protective
branches and roots.
layer (outer bark).

The increasing of height,


diameter and length of
Bark also involved in the
tree stem, branches and
growing process to
roots are result of the
replace which cracks
production of new cells
and flakes off.
by tissue termed
MERISTEMS.

JAZ_WTE198/APR2021
JAZ_WTE198/APR2021
PRIMARY GROWTH
 Tree growth are caused by two process that
happened together:
i) Primary growth
▪ It takes place by the activities of primary
meristematic tissues such as apical cell, apical
meristems, etc.
▪ Apical meristems is responsible for primary
root.
▪ Increase in height of the main tree stem as
well as the length of all branches and roots.
▪ Cell production by apical meristems located at
the tip or apex of the main stem, branches and
roots.
JAZ_WTE198/APR2021
ii) Secondary growth
• Below the apical meristems, some of the
cell produced differentiate and form a
lateral meristems called the cambium.
• Cambium is a thin layer between xylem
SECONDARY and phloem.
GROWTH • Cell division by cambium inserts new
wood and bark cells between the existing
wood and bark cells.
• This activity increase the diameter of the
stem, branches and roots.

JAZ_WTE198/APR2021
TREE
GROWTH
AND WOOD
FORMATION

JAZ_WTE198/APR2021
An important aspects for the
whole process of tree growth.

Woody tissue are formed caused


Woody by two process of tree growth,
primary and secondary growth.
Tissue
Formation Growing process that produce new
cells known as meristems.

Meristems cell are being able to


divide in producing more cell.

JAZ_WTE198/APR2021
 Two types of meristems cell:
i) Meristems apex
▪ Located at the apex of main stems,
branches and roots.
▪ Important zone because it controls,
to some extent, the development of
branches and shoots.
▪ Result in increasing height of the
main stem and length for branches
also roots.

JAZ_WTE198/APR2021
ii) Vascular cambium

a) Xylem and phloem cells


produced here.

b) Xylem woody tissue are


formed when the cell are
divided to the direction of pith.
c) Phloem are formed due to
the cell divide to the direction
of an outer bark.
d) Xylem are produced faster
than phloem.

JAZ_WTE198/APR2021
JAZ_WTE198/APR2021

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