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Hepatitis B Knowledge in Childbearing Women

This chapter presents the results and findings of the study on knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hepatitis B prevention among women of childbearing age attending a maternal and child health clinic in Borama District, Somaliland. The results show that the majority of respondents were between 29-39 years old, married, had low levels of education, were unemployed, lived in Sh. Ahmed Salan, and had good knowledge but negative attitudes and poor practices regarding hepatitis B prevention. The knowledge, attitudes, and practices of respondents were measured based on scales developed from questions in the study questionnaire.

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21 views13 pages

Hepatitis B Knowledge in Childbearing Women

This chapter presents the results and findings of the study on knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hepatitis B prevention among women of childbearing age attending a maternal and child health clinic in Borama District, Somaliland. The results show that the majority of respondents were between 29-39 years old, married, had low levels of education, were unemployed, lived in Sh. Ahmed Salan, and had good knowledge but negative attitudes and poor practices regarding hepatitis B prevention. The knowledge, attitudes, and practices of respondents were measured based on scales developed from questions in the study questionnaire.

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sareedo
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT AND FINDINGS


4.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter present the result and findings of the study on knowledge attitude and

practice on hepatitis b prevention among women childbearing age attending shifo MCH in

Borama District Somaliland. The specific objectivities of this study were characterized the

knowledge, attitude and practice related women childbearing. The purpose of this study is to find

out the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of their expansion how they prevent hepatitis b.

This study is categorized knowledge into information, understanding and fact on

hepatitis b prevention. Attitude categorized beliefs, behavior and values on hepatitis b prevention

where the practice also categorized by implementation strategies abstinence, be faithful and

using condom, vaccine that prevent for the hepatitis. This chapter talks the analyzing of data and

present for the findings of the demographic information and objectives.

4.2.1 Age of the Respondent

Age of the respodent


160 147
140
Frequence/percentage

120
100 85.5
77
80
60 44.8
38
40 32
18.6 22.1
20
0
Age of year

Frequency Percent
Figure 2. Age of the Respondent

it shown the distribution of respondents by Age majority (44.8%) women childbearing

age attending in shifo MCH where aged 29_39 while only (18.6%) where aged 18_28 and

(22.1%) where aged on 40_49. These indicates the most age respondent was 29_39 who gives us

the valid information on hepatitis b prevention.

4.2.2 Marital status of the Respondent

Marital status of Respodent


160 147
140 130
Frequency/ percentage

120
100 85.5
80 75.6

60
40
20 13 7.6 4 2.3
0
Marital status

Frequency Percent

Figure 3. Marital status of the Respondent

It shown that the distribution of respondents by marital status majority (75.6%) of the

respondents are married while (2.3%) are separated and (7.6%) were divorced. This indicates

that the women were married.


4.2.3 Educational level of the Respondent

Educational level of Respodent


160 147
140
Frequency/percentge

120
100 85.5
80 65
60
34 37.8
40 27
19.8 21 15.7
20 12.2
0
educational level

Frequency Percent

Figure 4. Educational level


it shown the distribution of respondents by educational level majority (37.8%) are

respondent who are uneducated and (19.8) were primary level while who reached at university

level was (15.7%) and also (12.2%) were the respondent who reached on secondary level of their

education. This indicates that most of the women are low toward their education it may have

association of the hepatitis b prevention.


4.2.4 Currently Working of the Respondent

Current work of Respodent


160 146
140
Frequency/percentage

120 115

100 84.9
80 66.9
60
40 31
18.0
20
0
Current work

Frequency Percent

Figure 5. currently work


It shows the distribution of respondents by currently work. majority (66.9%) of the

respondents they don’t work while (18.0%) of the respondents were working. This shows that

most of the women childbearing attending the shifo MCH are unemployed.

4.2.5 Occupation of the Respondent

Occupation of Respodent
40
35
35
Frequecy/percentage

30
25
20 20.3
20
15 11.6
10 7 8
4.1 4.7
5
0
Occupation

Frequency Percent
Figure 6. occupation
show that a majority (11.6%) of the respondents were working as professional and (4.1%)

of the respondents were self-employment while (4.7) are working with a cleaning. This shows

that most of the women childbearing attending the shifo MCH are professionals.

4.2.6 Residence Area of the Respondent

Resindence of Respodent
160 147
140
Frequence/percentage

120
100 90 85.5
80
60 52.3 55

40 32.0
20
2 1.2
0
Resindence

Frequency Percent

Figure 7. residence area

It shows the distribution of respondents by area of resident. It shows that a majority

(52.3%) of respondents were resided Sh. Ahmed salan while only (1.2%) was resided from Sh.

Cismaan Also (32%) was from Sh. Cismaan.


4.3 Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Hepatitis B Prevention among Women

Childbearing Age.

4.3.1 Measurement of Variables

As it’s described in the background information relating to Knowledge, Attitude and

Practice among women childbearing age in Shifo MCH, there is further variables that has been

done in the objectives of the study. Knowledge is operationalized as information, understanding

and fact of hepatitis b prevention, Attitude operationalized as Belief, Values and Behavior, Also

Practice is operationalized by as the implementation of ABC strategy and checking for

vaccination against HBV among women of child bearing in the MCH.

Women who are visiting in the MCH either they came for postnatal or antenatal etc.

every woman on age 18 to 49 who visit were asked questionnaire that designed to collect the

information on the important part of the study. Responses of each variable were after coded and

scored on the minimum and maximum level that depends on the rang of each variable. Range of

knowledge scores (7_17) and its rated (7_11) as poor knowledge and the its coded 1 while the

scores between (12_17) are good knowledge and its coded 2. Attitude scores (18_26) were the

rate of (18_22) scored as negative and its coded 1 while the score of (23_26) is positive attitude

and its coded 2. Practice scores (27_36) were it rated the score (27_31) poor practice on hepatitis

b prevention its coded 1 while the score (32_36) were good practice on hepatitis b prevention

and its coded 2.


Variables Indicators Scores Code Analyzing
knowledge - Information 7_11 Poor 1 Chi-square

- Understanding 12_17 Good 2 Goodness of fit

- Fact

Attitude - Belief 18_22 Poor 1 Chi-square

- Value 23_26 Good 2 Goodness of fit

- Behavior

Practice - Vaccine 27_31 Poor 1 Chi-square

- ABC strategy 32_36 Good 2 Goodness of fit


4.3.2 Knowledge on Hepatitis B Prevention
The first objective of this study was determined to assess the knowledge of hepatitis b

among women childbearing age attending in shifo MCH. Knowledge of hepatitis b were

operationalized as information, understanding and fact. The respondent was asked a several

questions that is measure the level knowledge. The responses were rated as described on Table 2

and the result is summarized on Table 3.

Table 3 Knowledge on hepatitis b prevention

Knowledge on hepatitis b prevention Good Poor Total


count 13 134 147

Percentage 8.8% 91.1% 100%


Valid percentage 8.8% 91.1% 100%

This table shows knowledge on hepatitis b prevention among women childbearing age

attending in Shifo MCH. It’s the majority (91.1%) of knowledge on hepatitis b prevention had

poor while only (8.8%) of the women had good knowledge about hepatitis b prevention. This

seems that the women haven’t any knowledge its need to focus this disease.

In table 4 were tested chi-square to determine the significance difference on good and poor

knowledge on hepatitis b prevention.

H0: ≠ KHBP 

H1= KHBP

Table 4 summary on x test for knowledge on hepatitis b prevention among women childbearing

age in Shifo MCH.


Variable N Χ2 df sig Decision
Knowledge on hepatitis b prevention 147 99.599 1 .000 Reject

0 cells (0.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is

73.5.

Table 4 shows that chi-square analyzes of knowledge on hepatitis b. there a significance

between poor and good knowledge on hepatitis b prevention among women childbearing in

Shifo MCH, Χ (1, N=147) =99.599, p=.000. it’s rejected to the null hypothesis where it states no
2

significance in the level of knowledge on hepatitis b prevention but there are significantly

women had poor knowledge on hepatitis b prevention, they are more about women that had good

knowledge about hepatitis b prevention. The study states about women in Shifo MCH had poor

knowledge on prevention of hepatitis b. it’s about (8.8%) the women who have good knowledge.
4.3.3 Attitude on Hepatitis B Prevention

The second objective of this study was determined to assess the Attitude on hepatitis b

among women childbearing age attending in shifo MCH. Attitude on hepatitis b were

operationalized as Beliefs, Value and Behavior. The respondent was asked a several questions

that is measure the Attitude. The responses were rated as described in table 2 and the result

summarized in table 5.

Table 5 Attitude on Hepatitis B prevention

Attitude on Hepatitis B Prevention Positive Negative Total


Count 48 99 147
Percentage 32.6% 67.3% 100%
Valid Percentage 32.6% 67.3% 100%

This table shows attitude on hepatitis b prevention among women childbearing age

attending in Shifo MCH. It’s the majority (67.3%) of attitude on hepatitis b prevention had

negative while only (32.6%) of the women had positive attitude about hepatitis b prevention.

In table 6 were tested chi-square to determine the significance difference on positive and

negative attitude on hepatitis b prevention.

H0: ≠ KHBP 

H1= KHBP

H0 states there is no significancy difference between positive and negative attitude on hepatitis b

prevention among women childbearing age in Shifo MCH.


Table 6 summary on x test for Attitude on hepatitis b prevention among women childbearing age

in Shifo MCH.

Variable N Χ2 df sig Decision


Attitude on hepatitis b prevention 147 17.694 1 .000 Reject

0 cells (0.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is

75.0.

Table 6 shows that chi-square analyzes of attitude on hepatitis b. there a significance

between negative and positive attitude on hepatitis b prevention among women childbearing in

Shifo MCH, Χ2 (1, N=132) =116.485, p=.000. it’s rejected to the null hypothesis the researcher

claims there is significance between negative and positive attitude on hepatitis b prevention. but

there are significantly women had negative attitude on hepatitis b prevention, The study states

majority women in Shifo MCH had negative attitude on prevention of hepatitis b. it’s about (4%)

the women who have positive attitude while large number in population of Shifo MCH have

negative attitude on hepatitis b prevention.


4.3.4 Practice on Hepatitis B Prevention

The third objective of this study was determined to assess the practice of hepatitis b

among women childbearing age attending in shifo MCH. Practice on hepatitis b were

operationalized as vaccine and ABC strategy. The respondent was asked a several questions that

is measure the practice. The responses were rated as described in table 2 and the result

summarized in

Table 7 Practice on Hepatitis B prevention

Practice on Hepatitis B Prevention Good Poor Total


Count 23 79 102
Percentage 22.5% 77.4% 100%
Valid Percentage 22.5% 77.4% 100%

This table shows attitude on hepatitis b prevention among women childbearing age

attending in Shifo MCH. It’s the majority (77.4%) of practice on hepatitis b prevention had poor

practice while only (22.5%) of the women had good practice about hepatitis b prevention. Other

45 respondents don’t answer the questions were asked.

In table 8 were tested chi-square to determine the significance difference on good and poor

practice on hepatitis b prevention.


Table 8 summary on x test for Practice on hepatitis b prevention among women childbearing

age in Shifo MCH.

Variable N Χ2 df sig Decision


Practice on hepatitis b prevention 102 30.745 1 .000 Reject

0 cells (0.0%) have expected frequencies less than 5. The minimum expected cell frequency is

51.0.

Table 8 shows that chi-square analyzes of practice on hepatitis b. there a significance

between poor and good practice on hepatitis b prevention among women childbearing in Shifo

MCH, Χ2 (1, N=102) =30.745, p=.000. it’s rejected to the null hypothesis the researcher claims

there is significance between poor and good practice on hepatitis b prevention. but there are

significantly women had poor practice on hepatitis b prevention, The study states majority

women in Shifo MCH had poor practice on prevention of hepatitis b. it’s about (22.5%) the

women who have good practice while large number in population of Shifo MCH have poor

practice on hepatitis b prevention.

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The majority (75.6%) of the respondents were married, which could influence their attitudes and practices due to possibly different societal and family expectations regarding health behavior. Married women might have better support networks for health information but also face more challenges in negotiating certain preventive practices like ABC strategies due to relational dynamics. This complexity is reflected in the study's findings of prevailing negative attitudes (67.3%) and poor practices (77.4%).

The study identified several challenges, including substantial knowledge deficits (91.1% poor knowledge) and negative attitudes (67.3% negative attitude) among women. Additionally, socio-economic factors like unemployment (66.9% unemployed) and low educational attainment (37.8% uneducated) posed significant barriers to promoting effective preventive practices .

To improve knowledge and practices, possible interventions could include community-based education programs tailored to low-literacy audiences, integrating Hepatitis B information into antenatal and postnatal services, and increasing access to vaccinations. Employing health workers from within the community might enhance engagement and implementation of ABC strategies .

Significant demographic factors included age, education, and employment. Higher rates of poor knowledge (91.1%) and practice (77.4%) and negative attitudes (67.3%) were notably prevalent among those who were less educated and unemployed. The age group 29-39 constituted a major portion of the sample population, indicating a key demographic in need of targeted interventions .

The study evaluated practices surrounding the ABC strategy (abstinence, be faithful, and condom use) and vaccination. It found that the majority of women (77.4%) displayed poor practice in these areas. Despite the implementation of these strategies, the low practice rates suggest they were not effectively utilized or promoted among the respondents, as confirmed by the chi-square test indicating a significant difference between poor and good practice (Χ2=30.745, p=.000).

The residence area significantly impacts prevention behaviors, as the majority (52.3%) lived in Sh. Ahmed Salan. Access to medical services and public health campaigns in urban centers compared to more remote areas might account for the variability in behavior and attitude toward Hepatitis B prevention .

The study indicated that most respondents had low levels of education, with a majority being uneducated (37.8%). This lack of education may correlate with the significant gap in knowledge about Hepatitis B prevention, as only 8.8% of the women showed good knowledge on the matter .

The majority of the women (66.9%) were unemployed, which might affect their practices towards Hepatitis B prevention due to limited access to resources or information dissemination typically available through the workplace. This lack of employment could contribute to the poor practice levels observed, with 77.4% exhibiting inadequate practices .

The main knowledge gaps identified in the study were that the majority of women (91.1%) showcased poor knowledge concerning Hepatitis B prevention. The study operationalized knowledge in terms of information, understanding, and factual awareness, and concluded that a very small percentage of women had good knowledge .

The chi-square analysis revealed a significant difference between negative and positive attitudes towards Hepatitis B prevention. The majority (67.3%) of the women exhibited a negative attitude, and the study reported a significant chi-square value (Χ2=116.485, p=.000), rejecting the null hypothesis of no significance .

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