CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY 1

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY

CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses in detail the research design,location of the study,

respondents and sampling procedure, data gathering procedure, data gathering

tools, and statistical treatment employed in the study.

This study was conducted in Camalaniugan, Cagayan, with a focus on

Small Scale Entrepreneurs who have been impacted by the COVID-19

Pandemic.

RESEARCH DESIGN

In this study, the descriptive research method will be utilized to assess the

impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on small-scale businesses, and this research

employed a survey-questionnaire as the tool to collect data. The quantitative

method is critical for measuring the descriptive variables such as the Effect of

Quarantine Protocols, methods and strategies dealing with Quarantine protocols,

results of methods and strategies, and opportunities encountered by small-scale

businesses, as well as the respondent demographic profile and business profile.

The outcome will provide numerical data that will be statistically treated using

descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, and weighted mean. This

could result in a more efficient and comprehensive data analysis and

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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY

interpretation. The strategy is well suited for the goal of this study, which is to

gain a better understanding of how Covid-19 impacted small size businesses.

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

This study will be conducted in the municipality of Camalaniugan,

Cagayan. Camalaniugan is a historical town in the province of Cagayan that

houses the oldest bell in the Far East, known as "Sancta Maria," which was

forged in 1595. It is a 4th Class Agricultural Municipality divided into 28

barangays with a thriving market where local vendors and consumers from

neighboring towns prefer to sell and buy agricultural products.

RESPONDENTS AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE

The target population for this research defined to include the thirty (30) small

scale entrepreneurs around Camalaniugan, Cagayan. Twenty – six (26)

respondents in the Camalaniugan Public Market, three (3) from Barangay Centro

Sur, and one (1) respondent from Barangay Catotoran Norte, .

Location Number of Respondents

Camalaniugan Public Market 26

Centro Sur 3

Catotoran Norte 1

TOTAL 30
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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY

These small scale entrepreneurs were considered appropriate as

population of the study area because, as stated, they are the most impacted part

of the business sector. Most of them have several years of experience in

entrepreneurship and therefore, they are in the best position to furnish the

researcher with the information needed to answer the research problem of this

study.

Because of the pandemic, researchers chose to use a convenience

sampling method in identifying participants for this study. Convenience sampling

technique is a method where respondents are easy to contact, to reach and are

convenient to answer the survey-questionnaire. In addition, it was used because,

in most situations, testing the whole population is almost impossible due to the

difficulty in reaching them and the pandemic. Furthermore, the technique was

employed by the researchers to collect data rapidly and at a low cost.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The data collection process will begin with a formal request to the Market

Administrators for permission to perform the study in their areas by the

researchers. After receiving approval, the researchers will conduct the analysis
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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY

by distributing questionnaires in accordance with the COVID – 19 pandemic's

health and safety protocols.

The questionnaire to be used will consist of sets of questions which are

printed in a sequential order on a form used to collect information from

respondents. This approach is used because it allows respondents have enough

time to consider and react, as well as ensuring that all respondents are asked the

same questions, resulting in data uniformity.

After that, the questionnaires will be tallied and consolidated. Then, be

summarized and interpreted comprehensively.

DATA GATHERING TOOLS

Prior to the survey questionnaire's formal distribution, the questionnaire

items were pretested among a small sample of respondents to assess the

questionnaire's reliability, relevance, and validity, as well as to identify and

eliminate any potential issues. The researchers gathered data from the

respondents for the development of a more pertinent questionnaire.

The structured and pertinent questionnaire has 6 parts:

A. Demographic Profile

This section contains the respondent's personal information, such

as their age, sex, and highest educational attainment.

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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY

B. Business Profile

This part outlines the business' demographic profile, which includes

the type and nature of the business, as well as the number of employees,

operating years, location, Category of Business During Pandemic, and

Average Monthly Sales, Earnings, and Expenses before the pandemic.

C. Effects of Quarantine Protocols in business

This part will concentrate on the Impact of Quarantine Protocols in

Business. This will be divided into two sub-part: The first sub-part focuses

on the company's competition status, whether it is still in operation,

permanently closed, or recovered from temporary closure. The second

sub-part focuses on the business's operations, which include three items:

sales, expenses, and income.

D. Methods and Strategies

This part will focus on the methods and strategies used by

businesses that are still in operation or have recovered from temporary

closures to deal with pandemic operation. A list of ten questions about

business strategies, plans, and actions will be provided.

E. Results of methods and Strategies

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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY

This section will focus on the possible outcomes of the business's

strategies, plans, and actions in dealing with the Quarantine Protocols

among business establishments. There will be a list of ten possible

outcomes provided.

F. Opportunities

This part will focuses on the opportunities that businesses

encountered during the pandemic operation. A set of ten questions will be

provided.

The questionnaire is the primary instrument employed in this study. It is

the most efficient method of data collection. This involves collections of questions

gleaned from a small sample of respondents who took part in a Pre-survey. The

questionnaire would also be physically distributed at the respondent's workplace.

In addition, the researchers will tally the responses of the respondents, analyze

and interpret the results using a tabular and graphical presentation.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

The researchers will use the following statistical procedures to provide a

clearer interpretation of the survey questionnaire data:

1. Simple Percentage. This statistical procedure is used to describe the

respondents' demographic profile in terms of age, sexual identity, and

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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY

educational attainment, as well as the business's demographic profile in terms of

Type of Business, Nature of Business, Operating Years, Location, Number of

Employees, and Average Monthly Sales, Earnings, and Expenses.

The formula using the Simple Percentage is shown below:

P = F / N (100)

Where: P = Computed Simple Percentage

F = Frequency for each class or category

N = Total number of respondents

100 = constant multiplier to change the decimal into percentage

value.

2. Weighted Mean. This procedure is used to assess the extent to which

respondents evaluate the given research variables, which include the Effects of

Quarantine Protocols to Business’s Competition and Operation, Methods dealing

with the effect, Methods Result, and Opportunities Encountered.

The formula for computing this statistics is as follows:

WM= Σwx/Σw

Where: w = the weights

x = the value
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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ACCOUNTANCY

To apply the formula, begin by multiplying the numbers in the data set by the

weights. Next, add the numbers from Step 1 together. Set aside this number for a

moment. Then, add all of the weights together. Finally, divide the numbers found

in the second step by the number found in the third step.

Furthermore, in order to interpret the computed weighted mean, the Likert scale

is employed.

Moreover, responses of Small Scale Entrepreneurs will be evaluated based on

the interpretation presented below:

Weight Scale/ Range Description

1 4.20 - 5.00 Strongly Agree

2 3.40 - 4.19 Agree

3 2.60 - 3.39 Neither Agree nor Disagree

4 1.80 - 2.59 Disagree

5 1.00 - 1.79 Strongly Disagree