Basics of SCADA

Abhishek Singh / Ravi Mishra- Digital Plant

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric

 1 Basic Automation System

2 SCADA & Advantages

3 SCADA System Architecture

4 SCADA Applications

5 SCADA –Case Study

6 AVEVA-Schneider Electric

7 AVEVA-SCADA

8 Q&A

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 Basic Automation System

SCADA

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Becoming smarter is a long-term process & a step-by-step approach

Technology Evolution

MES , IOT ,Analytics

SCADA Softwares

Touch Screen
/Graphical
Display

4 Line Mono Chrome

Display

2 Line HMI
 SCADA-Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition

A control system architecture comprising :

Computers , Networked data communications and Graphical user interfaces

Comprising other peripheral devices like PLC and PID controllers

Provides Management information, including the scheduled maintenance procedures, detailed schematics,
logistic information, trending and diagnostic data for a specific sensor or Machine

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 Features of SCADA

SCADA provides an open system that supports multiple protocols for efficiently controlling & monitoring field
devices . With SCADA we can :

Communicate Present Data Monitor &

Capture data
data from RTUs on HMI to Control Plant
from Remote
to central visualize from a SCADA
device
location Process host

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 Advantage of SCADA
➢ Previously without SCADA an industrial process was entirely controlled by PLC, CNC , PID &
micro controllers having programmed in certain languages or codes.

➢ These codes were either written in assembly language or relay logic without any true animation
that would explain the process running.

➢ To make the understanding process easy with the help of true animations SCADA came into
existence

➢ Obtain information leading to better process traceability-

Frequency inverter configuration ,Motor Speed , Pressure Settings, Fan Status ,Cycles

➢ Storage of performance data in order to correct quality problems-

Having a historical record of readings will allow for the timely correction of faults that adversely
affect production quality – Fluctuation in instruments ,Production issues , Shut downs, Operator efficiency

➢ Creating a smart maintenance regime and decreasing downtime

➢ Making operatives’ jobs easier by having graphical statistics presented in real time

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 Control Operation -Plant

Level 0 - Field devices such as flow and temperature sensors, and final control elements, such as control valves.
Level 1- contains the industrialized input/output (I/O) modules , PLCs, RTUs
Level 2 contains the supervisory computers, which collate information from processor nodes on the system,
and provide the operator control screens.
Level 3 is the production control level, which does not directly control the process, but is concerned with
monitoring production and targets.
Level 4 is the production scheduling level.
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 SCADA System Architecture
Master Station Area –
Scada Server, Network & Operating System Software,
Engineering Software
Application development platform
Performs calculations, logs and archives historical data
provides I/O server functionality and switching

Field Area
❑ Field Devices
❑ Communication Infrastructure
❑ RTUs
❑ Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)
❑ Human Machine Interface (HMI)
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 SCADA System Architecture
Master Station
SCADA Servers

Systems include at least one, if not two, data server

computers. The server computer is at the physical
Centre of the Star topology.

Server computer performs all of the communications

with the PLCs and RTUs on the SCADA network.

Each RTU/PLC maintains and collects data pertaining

to its process areas. This data is then retrieved by the
server computer to update the current process and the
historical databases.

In small systems, a single workstation can perform the

work of both the server and the operations
user workstation.

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 Field Devices

Field Devices in a SCADA system include wireless

sensors, multi-variables transmitters, and flow computers.
These devices transmit data to the RTUs, regarding
parameters that are monitored, such as flow, level or
temperature. The RTUs in turn transmit the data to the
SCAD server for monitoring and controlling purpose.

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 Communication Infrastructure
The communication infrastructure enables communication
between the various components in a scada system. Such
infrastructure includes cables and wireless networks, Data
radios, Modems and satellites to connect all fundamental
components via a Local Area Network (LAN) or Remote
Connectivity , using Ethernet or other high-speed
communication system.

There are three basic topologies used for SCADA system :

[Link] topology
[Link] topology
[Link] ring topology

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 Communication Infrastructure
Bus Topology

All traffic or communications in the system is accomplished

via this single bus-type network.

For increased traffic, the network can become overloaded,

and the result is a slowing down of the transfer of data from
one node to another.

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 Communication Infrastructure
Star Topology
This master node would typically consist of one or two
master SCADA workstation functioning as masters of the
system. All data collection from the various RTU/PLC
nodes is done through individual connections in a star
configuration..

The transfer of data between nodes on the Star network

does require that the information be passed first from the
source node, then through the host node, and then out to the
destination node.

Update times to the host node are very fast but does require
multiple paths out from the host master node.

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 Communication Infrastructure
Token Ring Topology
Works like a ring in which all nodes are interconnected
by two network connections. All nodes in the topology are
of equal value, and data is passed via this ring from one
node to the next.

This topology is predictive in that the speed is constant and

the time to transfer data is always at a fixed rate. As the
number of nodes in the network increases, the overall data
transfer rate drops since there are more nodes through which
data must pass to travel from the source node to the
destination node.

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 Remote Terminal Units-RTU
To Connect to field devices like sensors , flow meter

Microprocessor based controlled device , extreme temp

environment ,rugged , remote location

Converts field level signal in to data and transfer data

to Supervisory system
Added advantages is in environment tolerances,
backup power options, and autonomy.

Basic ,Visual Basic ,C+ ,Ladder logic , Structure Text

IEC and DNP3 protocol compatible

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 Programmable Logic Controller-PLC
A solid state device that controls output devices based on
input status and a user developed program.

To Connect to field devices like sensors , flow meter

Microprocessor based controlled device , receives

information from input devices, processes the data, and
triggers outputs based on pre-programmed parameters.

Brick type and modular PLC

Unlike an RTU, a PLC is configurable, economical and

flexible

Human Body Is the biggest Example of PLC

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 Human Machine Interface-HMI
Also known as Operator Station/Work Station /Control Client

Present the process graphic displays with operator interaction

Process Values ,Monitor & Analyze ,Control Process ,Optimize

performance

A "historian", is a software service within the HMI which accumulates

time-stamped data, events, and alarms in a database which can be
queried or used to populate graphic trends in the HMI. The historian is a
client that requests data from a data acquisition server

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 SCADA -Sumamry
What is server?
The server performs the core SCADA functions of IO data gathering, alarming, historizing and reporting. The server
license also includes one client which is able to run on the server machine.
What is Development & Run Time?
Development Runtime – For application configuration. Allows access to administration activities (e.g. security management). Can
simultaneously function as a client as well as a primary or backup server. Also supports all Runtime capabilities above.
Runtime – An operator interface where users can view process data, make operational changes, and perform administrative activities (e.g.
security management). Can simultaneously function as a client as well as a primary or backup server. Does not allow application
configuration.

What is Control Client and view-only client?

A control client has the complete functionality of the application to view any screen and access any variable controlled through the
SCADA system. This makes the control client an extremely valuable tool for operators. The view-only client has the ability to view
information within the SCADA system, but cannot write to any variable or execute code to communicate with another server. This makes
the view-only client a great tool for senior management and process optimization, or casual users of the control system
What is web client?
Web clients allow users outside the control room to access control system data in real time. The web client is a completely functional
client with an identical interface to the dedicated control clients (displayed within a web page), which requires zero maintenance. The
client controls and project are downloaded from the website, with project updates automatically synchronized with web clients.

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 SCADA -Sumamry
Hard key and soft key License?
There are two types of license keys for the SCADA software, hard key and softkey. The type of key you’re given will
depend on how you intend to use your SCADA software, and whether you want to develop applications, or merely run
them in industrial machines.

Hard key vs softkey

Hard key Pros: Hard key advantages are the portability, as well as the access to easy licensing for integrators and support
technicians who may need to move from location to location to offer support on the go. Another benefit of the hardkey is that if your
machine goes down, and you have a redundant machine , you can easily remove the hardkey and put it into the other machine.

Hardkey Cons: Hardkeys can be damaged or lost (though they are under warranty for two years). In addition, a hardkey can be
kicked out or removed from a machine while using the software, which may cause issues for users. A hardkey in a production may
mistakenly be seen as a USB memory stick and “accidently” taken home.
Softkey Pros: A softkey cannot become broken or damaged, because it is not a physical item. The softkey can also be delivered
more quickly to the user. Softkeys can be deployed remotely to embedded targets using the built-in Remote Management tool.

Softkey Cons: A softkey is embedded into the Windows registry, and is therefore not portable.

Version Upgrade
Tag Upgradation
Customer First

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 SCADA -Applications

Manufacturing & Processing Water & Waste Water Power Generation

Building Control & Command Center Transportation

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 SCADA –Load Management ,AMF,DG Sync

Switch

PLC

Energy Meter

Pump House Lighting DG Room AHU/Chillers

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 SCADA –Water Distribution

Site Control Room

GSM/GPRS

Master Control Room

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 SCADA –Water Treatment Plant

MCR Clients

SCR Servers

MCR Servers
Clients at each site are only interested in the local cluster,
whereas Global Clients at the central control room are able
to view every cluster .
 SCADA –Metro Elevated Station

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 SCADA –Metro Elevated Station
BMS WORKSTATION
FO NETWORK TO OCC
PRINTER OTHERS SCOPE

ETHERNET NETWORK
PLC PANEL - 1 PLC PANEL - 2
MODBUS IP
Central Lighting Control Panel
ENERGY METERS
@ VARIOUS
ENERGY METERS
LOCATIONS
@ VARIOUS
• Main Distribution Board LOCATIONS
(MDB)
• Emergency Power Panel

HARDWIRED SIGNALS
(EPP)
• Overhead Waste Water Tank
• A/C Power Panel RS 485 MODBUS • Overhead Domestic Waster Tank

RS 485 MODBUS
• Main Lighting Panel (MLP) • Overhead Fire Water Tanks

HARDWIRED SIGNALS
• Escalator Panel • Temp. & Humidity Sensors for SCR,
• Emergency Lighting Panel TER, SER, UPS S&T
(EMLP) • Temp. Sensors for TOM, OCC, UPS-
ELE
• UPS Output Panel • Wind Velocity Meter
• APFC Panels • Combined DB
• E&M UPS Systems • Main Distribution Board (MDB)
• Lifts • Panel Gas Flooding Systems
• Escalators ASS
• Main Fire Alarm Panel ROOM

VRF Outdoor Units MEZZANINE LEVEL

• Drainage Waste Water Sump • Fire Pump Control Panel PUMP ROOM
Waste Water Sump •Domestic Water Pump Panel
• Domestic Water Tank
• Fire Water Tanks • AMF Panel
• Pressure Transmitters • DG Set
• Water Meter
• Panel Gas Flooding Systems
 SCADA –Railway Tunnel

What is a Railway tunnel?

A railway tunnel is an excavation or a

construction surrounding the track that
allows the railway to passthrough
obstacles, such as mountainous areas,
buildings or water. The length of a tunnel
is defined as the length of the fully
enclosed section, measured at railway
level. There are three types of tunnel
construction: Cut-and-cover tunnels are
constructed in a shallow trench and then
covered over. Bored tunnels are bored in
situ. Immersed tunnels are tube elements
assembled and sunk into water.

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 SCADA –Sub Station Automation

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 City Command & Control Center

Crisis
Management

Analytics
&
Optimization

Operation

Schneider System
Platform
Integration
Utilities Environmental control Buildings Security and Safety Traffic / Transportation
Water Power Facilities Management Street Light Rail
Air polution control LIMS Intrusion detection
Water supply Solar Power Building Management Harbour
Water polution control Landfill Fire detection Traffic lights
Waste Water Wind Power Energy Management &
Gas analytics Storage reservoir Video Surveillance Traffic Control
Wastehandling District heating Efficiency
SCADA –Refining & Petrochemical Complex
 SCADA –MMM Cement

Runtime Nodes
(Clients and Servers)

Energy
Management
Engineering
Workstations
Anywhere Server

Cooler/Clinker
Quarrying & Crushing Mills Klin & Clinker Burning Packing
Conveyor

Various Automation Supplier

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SCADA Launch Pad ISRO
ISRO Satellite Launch Pad 1
138000 Tags , 108 Operator
Stn

ISRO Satellite Launch pad 2

138000 Tags , 108 Operator
Station
 SCADA-AND ON System
Large Display

Work Station

Local HMI Local HMI Local HMI

Metal Forming Paint Shop
Assembly Shop
Welding Shop
 SCADA –Building Management System
Work Station1 Work Station 2

Server 1 Server 2

Printer
Ethernet
 SCADA –TAG Selection
Tags Calculation

Each tag is a “variable” capable of holding an independent value, such as “Pressure Tank A”, “TemperatureOver1”, “State
Motor C”, and so forth. The following rules apply for tag count:
– The tags created by the user. Application or Project tags in the SCADA software are counted against the license limit.
However, the System Tags, created automatically for any project, are not counted against the license tag limit (e.g.: Time,
Date, User Name, and so forth).
– The tag count does not depend on the data type supported by each tag (Boolean, Integer, Real, or String).
– The same tag can be configured in many interfaces, and it still counts as only one tag. For example, the same tag can
be configured on Screens, Trend worksheets, Alarm worksheets, Driver worksheets, OPC worksheets, and this will not
affect your tag count.
– Any tags created for the project are counted against the license limit, even if they are not linked to an external device
(e.g.: PLC) via communication drivers, OPC, or any other task.
– Each array position counts as one tag because it holds an independent value. For example, a tag configured with 3
array elements counts as three tags (Tag[0], Tag[1], and Tag[2]).

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 SCADA –Case Study
Monitor & Control the Plant process

Customer has shared the following requirement.

• 1 Scada Development Server and 1 client PC to be included in the offer.
• Redundant SCADA Server capabilities
• Dashboard should be seen in our office LAN also which is separate from our Automation LAN.
• Trend history minimum 1 years storage.

Hardware available at customer location

PLC- Schneider Electric (Quantum PLC)
Communication Protocol- (OPC or Modbus)
No. of PLC- 1 Nos.
No. of RIO - 2 Nos.
Total Calculated tags- 3000 approximately

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 SCADA –Case Study
SCADA Architecture
Work Station1
Server 2

Server 1 Corporate

Printer
VPN

Description Quantity
SCADA Full Server 5000 Tags or above 3000Tags 2
SCADA Control Client 5000 Tags or above 3000Tags 1
Web Client for view only 1
1 Historian Client 1
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THE POWER OF TWO
coming together as ONE

AVEVA GROUP
The leading global provider of Engineering,
Design and Information Management software SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC’S
INDUSTRIAL SOFTWARE
Offerings in: BUSINESS
▲ Integrated engineering and design

▲ Asset Life Cycle Information Management The leading global provider of industrial
▲ Enterprise Resource Management software and services for operational
▲ Construction Management
efficiency and asset reliability
▲ Marine, Fabrication and BIM solutions

▲ Procurement Management Offerings in:

▲ Engineering

▲ Planning & Scheduling

▲ Operations and Optimisation

▲ Asset Performance Management

▲ Monitoring and Control

 Schneider Electric & Aveva Alliance
Partnerships and ecosystems are the foundation upon which we have built our business

Asset Life Cycle

SALES Enablement of existing sales
Improved Return On Capital

Asset
Performance

TECHNOLOGY
Engineer
Procure
Monitor Co-development
and Control of hardware
Construct DELIVERY
and/or software
AVEVA Delivers turn key
with AVEVA
360° Digital Twin solutions and
technology
ongoing support
to end users

Operate Plan and

and Optimize Schedule

CONSULTANCY
Operations Life Cycle Advise customers on industrial
Improve Profitability
solutions that include AVEVA offering
EcoStruxure Plant IIOT with AVEVA SW in the Apps Layer
EcoStruxure Plant: Our IIoT architecture that maximizes the value of data
EcoStruxure Plant is our IoT-enabled open and interoperable
system architecture that optimizes the entire performance of an
industrial enterprise. Across three levels (connected products,
edge control, and apps, analytics, & services) and with access to
the cloud and end-to-end cybersecurity, it is a complete solution
that covers the breadth and depth of industrial markets
Apps,
Analytics
&
Services AVEVA Software*
Engineering Asset Performance EcoStruxure EcoStruxure EcoStruxure EcoStruxure TAKE ACTION
Planning & Operations Profit Advisor Control Advisor Asset Advisor Resource Advisor
Control and Information Drive action through real-time
information and business logic
Cloud and/or On Premises
End-to-end Cybersecurity

ANALYZE
Edge Convert data into meaningful
Control insights through analytics

Magelis Modicon EcoStruxure EcoStruxure EcoStruxure SCADA EcoStruxure

Edge Box and Industrial PC Control Expert Hybrid DCS Foxboro DCS Systems Power Monitoring
Expert COLLECT
Capture critical data at every level,
from sensor to cloud

Connected
Products
CONNECT
everything from shop floor to top
Magelis Sensors & RFID Foxboro TeSys Altivar Okken & Blokset iPMCC floor
HMI Field Devices

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An Alliance based on technological superiority
AVEVA plays an integral part in Schneider Electric EcoStruxure

Asset
Performance

Engineer
Monitor Apps,
Procure Analytics &
and Control Services Engineering
AVEVA Software *
Planning & Operations Asset Performance

Construct Monitoring and Control

Edge
Control

360° Digital Twin

Connected
Products

Operate Plan and

and Optimize Schedule
The AVEVA Edge-to-Enterprise Strategy

Make Timely, Actionable Decisions

+ I/O Points

Scope & Complexity

+ Users
+ Integrated Systems
Equipment Asset Line Plant Multisite Enterprise + Interconnections
+ Technologies
+ Cyber Threat
ERP,
Finance
& CXO
Landscape
Supply
Chain &
Logistic
s
Engineering,
Operations &
Maintenance
SE HMI SCADA Portfolio Positioning

System Platform & OASyS DNA

Automation Maturity
ADAPTIVE
Level 5
Citect & ClearSCADA
REINFORCED
Level 4

InTouch HMI
CONSISTENT
Level 3

InTouch ME & PREPARED

InduSoft WS Level 2

REACTIVE
MANUAL Level 1
Level 0

…
…
No Automation Single Node Multi-node Client / Server Client / Server with Tiered Enterprise
Distributed system
Redundancy OMI

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The AVEVA Edge-to-Enterprise Strategy
Make Timely, Actionable Decisions
ENTERPRISE

System Platform

Citect
Monitor and Control Edge-to-Enterprise Solutions

InTouch HMI

InTouch Edge
HMI
EDGE
The AVEVA Edge-to-Enterprise Strategy
Make Timely, Actionable Decisions

Product Description

Edge management, and a full HMI/SCADA software. InTouch Edge HMI runs on small-footprint
InTouch Edge HMI devices like a Raspberry Pi, all the way up to server level operating systems, and has web thin
client options to monitor or control your HMI from the web, tablets, and smartphones.

The classic InTouch offers powerful HMI. Used in 1/3 of industrial facilities worldwide, InTouch HMI
InTouch HMI
offers advanced graphics and remote web viewing capabilities.

Citect SCADA offers a serious SCADA software solution for data-heavy processes that require
thousands or hundreds of thousands of tags. A dedicated out-of-the-box Situational Awareness
Citect SCADA
Workspace that provides flexible, consistent, rich context for operators, as well as a new way to
build context-aware SCADA visualization.
The AVEVA Edge-to-Enterprise Strategy
Make Timely, Actionable Decisions

Product Description
System Platform is a responsive, scalable solution for supervisory, SCADA, HMI, and IIoT
applications that integrates the process with the enterprise. System Platform provides a
System Platform
collaborative, standards-based foundation that unifies people, processes, and assets across all
facilities for continuous operational improvement and real-time decision support.
Enhance decision-making and accelerate collaboration across the enterprise. AVEVA Historian
Historian captures and store high-fidelity industrial data, bridging the IT-OT gap to improve operational
performance.

Empower end-users and solution builders with a secure, managed cloud solution for collecting,
AVEVA Insight
storing, and visualizing process and performance data.
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